2018英语专四真题 (1)

v1.0可编辑可修改v1.0可编辑可修改v1.0可编辑可修改2018PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGETherearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswersthequestion.MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.11.TheBentPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sidedpyramid.A.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeenB.wasbelievedtobeC.isbelievedtohavebeenD.isbelievedtobe12..News____________rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.A.maintainsB.ismaintainingC.maintainedD.hasbeenmaintaining13.Hewasluredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof_____________mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.A.bluehazyVirginiaB.hazyblueVirginiaC.VirginiahazyblueD.Virginiabluehazy15.Ilongtoalleviate__________,butIcannot.A.theevilB.evilC.evilsD.anevil16.Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming______________.A.warB.arewarC.ofwarD.areofwar17.At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.A.itsmostbasicB.itsbasicC.themostbasicD.thebasic18.Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused__________.A.toexpressanintendedpurposeB.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibilityC.torevealanundesirableconsequenceD.todramatizeastatedfact19.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaningA.Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.C.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.D.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.20.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses_______.A.ahypothesisB.asuggestionC.acontradictionD.asurprise21.WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto___________,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognitionactually__________agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsiderbeautiful.A.consistsB.constitutesC.composesD.constructs26.Theschoolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.A.finalB.furtherC.supplementaryD.extra27.Theteachers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”schoolconditions.A.firedB.filedC.finedD.filled28.LastMarchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwaterarchaeologicalteam.A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.She’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30.Aleading___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD.maritimePARTIVCLOZEDecidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEET.A.accompaniesB.automaticallyC.coupleD.goesE.indebtednessF.kindG.mannerH.mercifullyI.oneJ.obeyK.renownedL.subscribeM.unknownN.virtueO.widespread AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.HesentChristmascardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.Althoughheexpectedsomereaction,theresponsehereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim.Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintotheidentityoftheunknownprofessor.Theyreceivedhisholidaygreetingcard,andtheyautomaticallysentoneinreturn.Thisstudyshowstheactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus—theruleforreciprocation.Therulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,inkind,whatanotherpersonhasprovidedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifacoupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.Byvirtueofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,invitations,andthelike.Sotypicalisitforindebtednesstoaccompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthatgoeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itissowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE（1）TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.ThehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmericancharacter.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.(2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.(3)AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.BecausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedinthe.(4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:competition.Ifmuchoflifeisseenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers.ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfitintothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.(5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohaveabetterlife.Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes.Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches”becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Manypeopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.(6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:hardwork.HardworkhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’sabilities.BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit.(7)ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter.Rather,theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.41.seemstosuggestthat__________.A.AmericansarebornwithasenseofcompetitionB.thepressureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartsworkC.successfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansocietyD.competitionresultsinequalityofopportunities42.WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvaluesA.ComparisonD.CauseandeffectC.DefinitionD.ProcessanalysisPASSAGETWO(1)TheNobelsaretheoriginals,ofcourse.AlfredNobel, the manwhoinventeddeadlyexplosives,decidedtotryanddosomethinggoodwithallthemoneyheearned,andgaveprizestopeoplewhomadeprogressinliterature,science,economicsand—perhapsmostimportantly—peace.(2)NotallrewardsareasnobleastheNobels. Eventhoughmostcountrieshaveasystemofrecognizing,honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggoodintheircountries,therearenowhundredsofawardsandawardceremoniesforallkindsofthings.(3)TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous,atimeforthe(mostly)Americanfilmindustrytotellitselfhowgooditisandanannualopportunityforlotsofbigstarstogiveeachotherawardsandmaketearfulspeeches.AswellasthattherearealsotheGoldenGlobes,evidentlyforthesamething.(4)Butit’snotonlyfilms---therearealsoGrammies,Brits,theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVformusic.In Britain,awriterwhowinstheBookerPrizecanexpecttoseetheir difficult,literarynovelhitthebestsellerlistsandcompetewiththeDaVinciCodeforpopularity.TheTurnerPrizeisanawardforBritishcontemporaryartists—eachyearitcausescontroversybyapparentlygivinglotsofmoneytoartistswhodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds,puttinganimalsinglasscasesor—thisyear—buildingagardenshed.(5)Awardsdon’tonlyexistforarts.TherearenowawardsforSportsPersonalityof the Year,forEuropeanFootballeroftheYearandWorldFootballeroftheYear.Thisseemsverystrange—sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeoplewhodeserveit,ortohelppeople whodon’tmake alot ofmoneycarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances,but professional soccerplayersthesedayscertainlyaren’tshortofcash!(6)Manysmalltownsand communities allovertheworldalsohavetheirownawardceremonies,forlocalwritersorartists,orjustforpeoplewho have graduatedfromhighschoolor,gotauniversitydegree.EventheBritishCouncilhasitsownawardsfor “InnovationinEnglishLanguageTeaching”.(7)WhyhavealltheseawardsandceremoniesappearedrecentlyShakespeareneverwonaprize,nordidLeonardoDaVinciorAdamSmithorCharlesDickens.(8)It wouldbepossibletosay,however,thatinthepast,scientistsandartistscouldwin “patronage” formrichpeople—akingoralordwouldgivetheartistsorscientistsmoneytohavethempainttheirpalacesorhelpthemdevelopnewwaysofmakingmoney.Withthechangeinsocialsystemsacrosstheworld,thisnolongerhappens.Alotofscientificresearchisnoweitherfundedbythestateorbyprivatecompanies.(9)Perhapsawardceremoniesarejustthemostrecentphaseofthisprocess.(10)However,thereismoretoitthanthat.WhenafilmwinsanOscar,manymore people willgoandseeit,orbuytheDVD.WhenawriterwinstheNobelPrize,manymorepeoplebuytheirbooks.WhenagroupwinstheMTVawards,theceremonyisseenbyhundredsofthousandsofpeopleacrosstheworld.TheresultThegroupsellslotsmorerecords.(11)Mostawardceremoniesarenowsponsoredbybigorganizationsorcompanies.Thismeansthatitisnotonlythepersonwhowinstheawardwhobenefits---butalsothesponsors.TheMTVawards,forexample,aregreatfor publicizing notonlymusic,butalsoMTVitself!(12)Onthesurface,itseemstobea “Win-win” situation,witheveryonebeinghappy,butletmeaskyouaquestion—howfardoyouthinkthat publicity andmarketingarewinninghere,andhowmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementistakingplace43.Whatistheauthor’stonewhenhementionsawardssuchastheOscars,theGoldenGlobesandGrammies(Paras.3&4)A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.D.Serious.44.AccordingtoPara.4,whatwouldhappentoawardwinningwritersA.Theywouldenjoyamuchlargerreadership.B.Theywouldturntopopularnovelwriting.C.Theywouldcontinuenon-fictionwriting.D.Theywouldtrycontroversialformsofart.45.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupPara.6A.Awardsceremoniesareheldforlocalpeople.B.Awardsceremoniesareheldonimportantoccasions.C.Awardsceremoniesareheldincertainprofessions.D.Awardsceremoniesareheldforallsortsofreasons.46.AccordingtoPara.8,onedifferencebetweenscientistsandartistsinthepastandthoseatpresentliesin_____________.A.natureofworkB.personalcontactC.sourceoffundingD.socialstatus47.ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.12thattheauthorthinksawards________.A.promotemarketratherthanachievementsB.dogoodtobothmarketandpopularityC.helpthosewhoarereallytalentedD.areeffectiveinmakingpeoplepopularPASSAGETHREE(1)KnowingthatMrs.Mallardsufferedfromahearttrouble,greatcarewastakentobreaktoherasgentlyaspossiblethenewsofherhusband’sdeath.(2)ItwashersisterJosephinewhotoldher,inbrokensentences.Herhusband’sfriendRichardswasthere,too.Itwashewhohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhennewsoftherailroaddisasterwasreceived,withBrentlyMallard’snameleadingthelistof“killed”.Hehadonlytakenthetimetoassurehimselfofitstruthbyasecondtelegram.(3)Sheweptatonce,inhersister’sarms.Whenthestormofsadnesshadspentitselfshewentawaytoherroomalone.Shewouldhavenoonefollowher.(4)Therestood,facingtheopenwindow,acomfortablearmchair.Intothisshesank,presseddownbyaphysicalexhaustionthathauntedherbodyandseemedtoreachintohersoul.(5)Shecouldseeintheopensquarebeforeherhousethetopsoftrees.Thedeliciousbreathofrainwasintheair.Thenotesofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassingingreachedher,andcountlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves).(6)Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathadmetandpiledabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.(7)Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,exceptwhenasobcameupintoherthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditselftosleepcontinuestosobinitsdreams.(8)Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,whoselinesbespokerepressionandevenacertainstrength.Butnowtherewasadullstareinhereyes,whosegazewasfixedawayoffyonderononeofthosepatchesofbluesky.Itwasnotaglanceofreflection,butratherindicatedasuspensionofintelligentthought. (9) Therewassomethingcomingtoherandshewaswaitingforit,fearfully.WhatwasitShedidnotknow;itwastoosubtleandelusivetoname.Butshefeltit,creepingoutofthesky,reachingtowardherthroughthesounds,thescents,thecolorthatfilledtheair.(10)Nowherbosomroseandfelltumultuously.Shewasbeginningtorecognizethisthingthatwasapproachingtopossessher,andshewasstrivingtobeatitbackwithherwill-aspowerlessashertwowhiteslenderhandswouldhavebeen.(11)Whensheabandonedherselfalittlewhisperedwordescapedherslightlypartedlips.Shesaiditoverandoverunderherbreath:"Free,free,free!"Thevacantstareandthelookofterrorthathadfolloweditwentfromhereyes.Theystayedkeenandbright.Herpulsesbeatfast,andthecoursingbloodwarmedandrelaxedeveryinchofherbody.(12)Sheknewthatshewouldweepagainwhenshesawthekind,tenderhandsfoldedindeath;thefacethathadneverlookedsavewithloveuponher,fixedandgrayanddead.Butshesawbeyondthatbittermomentalongprocessionofyearstocomethatwouldbelongtoherabsolutely.Andsheopenedandspreadherarmsouttotheminwelcome.(13)Therewouldbenoonetoliveforherduringthosecomingyears;shewouldliveforherself.Therewouldbenopowerfulwillbendingherinthatblindpersistencewithwhichmenandwomenbelievetheyhavearighttoimposeaprivatewilluponafellow-creature. (14)Andyetshehadlovedhim-sometimes.Oftenshehadnot.Whatdiditmatter!Whatcouldlove,theunsolvedmystery,countforinfaceofthispossessionofself-assertion,whichshesuddenlyrecognizedasthestrongestimpulseofherbeing!(15)“Free!Bodyandsoulfree!”shekeptwhispering.(16)Josephinewaskneelingbeforethecloseddoorwithherlipstothekeyhole,imploringforadmission."Louise,openthedoor!Ibeg;openthedoor-youwillmakeyourselfill.Whatareyoudoing,LouiseForheaven'ssakeopenthedoor."(17)"Goaway.Iamnotmakingmyselfill."No;shewasdrinkinginaveryelixir(長生不老藥)oflifethroughthatopenwindow.(18)Herfancywasrunningriotalongthosedaysaheadofher.Springdays,andsummerdays,andallsortsofdaysthatwouldbeherown.Shebreathedaquickprayerthatlifemightbelong.Itwasonlyyesterdayshehadthoughtwithashudderthatlifemightbelong.(19)Shearoseatlengthandopenedthedoortohersister'simportunities.Therewasafeverishtriumphinhereyes,andshecarriedherselfunwittinglylikeagoddessofVictory.Sheclaspedhersister'swaist,andtogethertheydescendedthestairs.Richardsstoodwaitingforthematthebottom.(20)Someonewasopeningthefrontdoorwithalatchkey.ItwasBrentlyMallardwhoentered,alittletravel-stained,composedlycarryinghisgripsackandumbrella.Hehadbeenfarfromthesceneofaccident,anddidnotevenknowtherehadbeenone.HestoodamazedatJosephine'spiercingcry;atRichards'quickmotiontoscreenhimfromtheviewofhiswife.(21)ButRichardswastoolate.(22)Whenthedoctorscametheysaidshehaddiedofheartdisease-ofjoythatkills.48.HowdidMrsMallardgetthenewsofherhusband’sdeathA.Herhusband’sfriendtoldher.B.Shehadreaditfromthepaper.C.HersisterJosephinetoldher.D.Herdoctorbrokethenewstoher.49.WhenMrsMallardwasaloneinherroom,she___________.A.satinanarmchairallthetimeB.satwithherbackfacingthewindowC.satandthenwalkedaroundforwhileD.satinachairandcriedallthetime.50.HowdidshefeelaboutherlovetowardsherhusbandA.Shehatedherhusband.B.Shewasindifferentnow.C.Shefoundithardtodescribe.D.Shehadlovedhimallalong.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearefiveshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSectionA.AnswerthequestionswithNOMORETHANTENWORDSinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE51.Ofallthevaluesmentionedinthepassage,whichoneisregardedasthemostfundamentalIndividualfreedom.PASSAGETWO52.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesentence“NotallawardsareasnobleastheNobels.”accordingtoPara.2Theauthordoubtsthesignificanceofsomeawards.53.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromPara.5Theauthorthinksitunreasonabletoawardrichpeople.PASSAGETHREE54.WhatwasMrsMallard’smoodwhenshewasleftaloneintheroomSecretjoyovertheexpectationoffuturefreedom.55.ThedoctorssaidthatMrsMallarddiedofheartdisease—ofjoythatkills.WhatdoyouthinkistherealcauseofherdeathFrightanddisillusionmentatthesightofher“dead”husband.PARTVIWRITING(略)14