注射用头孢孟多酯钠说明书--二叶莫

注射用头孢孟多酯钠说明书--二叶莫 注射用头孢孟多酯钠说明书 【药品名称】 通用名:注射用头孢孟多酯钠 英文名:Cefamandole Nafate for Injection 汉语拼音:Zhusheyong Toubaomengduozhina 商品名:二叶莫 【成份】 本品主要成份为头孢孟多酯钠，其化学名为7-D-(2-甲酰氧苯乙酰胺)-3-[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5基)硫甲基]-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸钠盐。 结构式: 分子式:CHNNaOS 1817662 分子量:512.38 Cas No:42540-40-9 【性状】本品为白色或类白色结晶性粉末。 【适应症】 适用于敏感细菌所致的肺部感染、尿路感染、胆道感染、皮肤软组织感染、骨和关节感染以及败血症、腹腔感染等。 具体敏感细菌所致的感染如下: 下呼吸道感染，包括肺炎，由于肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、克雷伯菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌(包括耐青霉素酶和不耐青霉素酶)、β-溶血链球菌、奇异变形杆菌所引起的。 泌尿道感染，由于大肠埃希菌、变形杆菌属(包括吲哚基革兰氏阳性菌和吲哚基革兰氏阴性菌)、肠杆菌属、克雷伯菌属、D群链球菌(注解:大多数肠球菌属都是耐药的)、皮葡萄球菌所引起的。 腹膜炎，由于大肠埃希菌和肠杆菌属所引起的。 败血症，由于大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌(包括耐青霉素酶和不耐青霉素酶)、肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、克雷伯菌属引起的、流行性感冒引起的。 皮肤和软组织，由于金黄色葡萄球菌(包括耐青霉素酶和不耐青霉素酶)、化脓性链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、大肠埃希菌、肠杆菌属、奇异变形杆菌引起的。 骨和骨关节感染，由于金黄色葡萄球菌(包括耐青霉素酶和不耐青霉素酶)所引起的。 临床微生物学显示，女性的非淋球菌盆腔炎，下呼吸道感染以及皮肤感染都是由需氧菌和厌氧菌所引起的。头孢孟多可通过使细菌裂解治愈这些疾病，大多数类杆菌体内耐药，但对头孢孟多敏感菌珠所引起的感染，头孢孟多仍有较好的疗效。 本品在治疗β-溶血性链球菌感染时疗程不得少于十天。 预防性治疗 本品能够减少术前、术中、术后感染。可有效防止病人术后的感染和潜伏感染(例如:胃肠手术、剖腹生产、子宫切除、高危胆囊切除病人如急性胆囊炎，黄疸或胆结石)。 【规格】0.5g 【用法用量】 成人剂量:本品的通常剂量范围是0.5g,1.0g/4-8h。 皮肤及其软组织和无并发症肺炎，适当剂量为0.5g/6h。 appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening 无并发症泌尿道感染，必要剂量为0.5g/8h。 严重的泌尿道感染，静滴1.0g/4,6h。 重症感染性疾病用量为1.0g/4,6h。 危及生命的感染或由非敏感性细菌所引起的感染，剂量为2.0g/4h(或12g/天)。 婴幼儿剂量:本品治疗常规感染用药剂量为50,100mg/kg/天，每隔4,8小时给药一次，对于敏感的细菌是有效的，重症感染给药剂量可增至150mg/kg(但不能超过成人最大用药剂量)。 注意:与一般抗生素使用相同，用本品应在病人无症状或细菌根除后，用药要持续至48-72小时。对于化脓性链球菌引起的感染，为防止引起风湿热和肾小球肾炎并发症，应用本品的最小剂量最少持续10天。在治疗慢性尿道感染应经常做细菌学及临床效果评估，在病人愈后数个月之内，仍需进行细菌学和临床评估。在这期间若有重复持续感染，仍应以较高的剂量治疗数周。 手术前应用头孢孟多，应参考以下的剂量用药: 成人 外科手术前1/2到1小时，静脉或肌肉注射1,2g，术后每6小时给药1,2g，持续24-48小时。 儿童(三个月以上)50,100 mg/kg/天，按上述指定的剂量常规给药。 注意:关节弥补造形术的病人，建议持续给药72小时;在剖腹产手术时，必须在手术前开始用药，或者剪断脐带后立刻用药。 肾功能损害的患者:应减少剂量且密切监控血药浓度。在首次剂量1,2g后(依靠感染的严重程度而定)，维持剂量如下(见表)，维持剂量应该视肾脏的损害程度、感染程度和细菌对药物的敏感程度而定。 对于有肾功能损害患者之维持剂量 肌酸酐清除率 肾功能 致命性感染最大有效剂量 轻至中度剂量 (ml/min/1.73m2) 正常 1,2g/6h >80 2.0g/4h 80,50 轻微损伤 1.5g/4h或2.0g/6h 0.75,1.5g/6h 50,25 中度损伤 1.5g/6h或2.0g/8h 0.75,1.5g/8h 25,10 重度损伤 1.0g/6h或1.25g/8h 0.5,1.0g/8h 10,2 严重肾损伤 0.67g/8h或1.0g/12h 0.5,0.75g/12h 无 0.5g/8h或0.75g/12h 0.25,0.5 g/12h <2 当只有血清肌酐值可利用时，以下的公式(以患者的性别，体重和年龄为基础)可以计算出肌酐清除率。血清肌酐可以反映出在稳定状态下的肾功能。 男性:体重(Kg)×(140-年龄)/72×血清肌酐 女性:0.9×以上数值。 给药途径:头孢孟多静脉注射或深度肌肉注射(如臀肌或大腿侧肌)可以减少疼痛。 肌肉注射:每1.0g头孢孟多用3ml的稀释剂进行稀释，振摇至完全溶解。稀释剂可以选用:注射用无菌水，注射用0.9%氯化钠注射液。 静脉注射:极严重之感染如败血症，局部实质脓疮(如腹内脓疮)，腹膜炎或致命性感染，宜施行静脉注射，肾功能正常者，感染到这此症状时，静脉注射为3.0,12.0g/天。细菌败血症患者，开始剂量6,12g/天，然后根据临床反应和化验结果逐渐减少剂量。 如果需进行头孢孟多和氨基糖甙类抗生素联合使用时，必须分别注射于不同部位。不可将头孢孟多和氨基糖甙类混于同一注射器。 静脉推注给药:每1.0g头孢孟多溶于注射用灭菌水、5%葡萄糖溶液或0.9%氯化钠溶液内。在3至5分钟之内缓慢静脉推注，或在患者接受静脉注射时，经由导管和以下的静脉注射液appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening 注入:0.9%氯化钠注射液; 5%的葡萄糖注射液;10%葡萄糖注射液;5%葡萄糖和0.9%氯化钠混合注射液;含5%的葡萄糖和0.45%的氯化钠混合注射液;含有5%的葡萄糖和0.2%的氯化钠混合注射液;乳酸钠注射液(M/6)。 连续静脉给药:每1.0g头孢孟多应稀释至10ml的灭菌水溶液中。将头孢孟多溶于以下溶液中的一种:0.9%氯化钠注射液; 5%的葡萄糖注射液;10%葡萄糖注射液;5%葡萄糖和0.9%氯化钠混合注射液;含5%的葡萄糖和0.45%的氯化钠混合注射液;含有5%的葡萄糖和0.2%的氯化钠混合注射液;乳酸钠注射液(M/6)。 稳定性:调配好的本品注射液，于常温下(25ºC)可维持24小时保持稳定，如冷藏(5ºC)可达96小时，常温储藏配好本品注射液，会产生二氧化碳。此二氧化碳的压力在还未抽取瓶内之内含物以前可能会消散，或把注射瓶倒转于注射筒顶端，二氧化碳可能会连同内含物注于注射筒内。 本品的无菌水注射液，5%葡萄糖注射液或0.9%氯化钠注射液调配后立即置入-20ºC下冷冻，可维持稳定性达6个月之久。如果加温于注射液(最高温度37ºC)，应注意注射剂溶解后，即刻停止加温。注射剂解冻后不能再行冷冻。 【不良反应】 胃肠道--治疗期间或治疗后可能产生伪膜性结肠炎的症状。此外偶有恶心及呕吐的。与一些青霉素及其他头孢菌素同，偶有暂时性肝炎及胆汁郁滞性黄胆的报告。 过敏性反应—斑丘疹状红疹、荨麻疹、嗜酸性粒细胞增多和药物热均有报告。患者原有过敏性病史，尤其是对青霉素呈过敏者，更易发生过敏反应。 血液—血小板减少，中性粒细胞减少比较罕见。有些患者，在头孢菌素治疗期间，会发生阳性直接Coombs反应。 肝脏—会有暂时性SGOT、SGPT及碱性磷酸值升高的报告。 肾脏—会有肌酐清除率降低的报告，特别是肾功能差的患者。其他头孢菌素亦偶有发现血尿氮素(BUN)值短暂升高的现象。50岁以上的病人发生频率会随着增加，一些此类症状同时伴有轻微血清肌酐值的升高。 与其他广谱抗生素相同，罕见的报告中提到会产生出血性或无出血性的凝血酶原过少症，但经注射维生素K后很快复原。此种偶发病症常发生在老年，虚弱或维生素K缺乏的患者。对主要的革兰氏阴性细菌及厌氧菌具有感受性的抗生素治疗此种患者，被认为是改变肠内细菌微生物的数目和种类，其结果造成维生素K合成的降低。预防注射维生素K最适应与此种患者，尤其在施行肠内消毒及进行外科手术时。 局部反应—有时在肌肉注射部位出现疼痛，静脉炎罕见发生。 【禁忌】 对头孢菌素类抗生素过敏者禁用。 【】 1(交叉过敏反应:对一种头孢菌素或头霉素(cephamycin)过敏者对其他头孢菌素或头霉素也可能过敏。对青霉素类、青霉素衍生物或青霉胺过敏者也可能对头孢菌素或头霉素过敏。对青霉素过敏病人应用头孢菌素时发生过敏反应者达5%,10%;如作免疫反应测定时，则对青霉素过敏病人对头孢菌素过敏者达20%。 2(对青霉素过敏病人应用本品时应根据病人情况充分权衡利弊后决定。有青霉素过敏性休克或即刻反应者，不宜再选用头孢菌素类。出现严重过敏反应时立即注射肾上腺素或采取其他急救措施。 3(有胃肠道疾病史者，特别是溃疡性结肠炎、局限性肠炎或抗生素相关性结肠炎(头孢菌素类很少产生假膜性结肠炎)者应慎用。有报道称，在所有的广谱性抗生素(包括大环内酯类、青霉素类、头孢菌素类)中都可以使患者产生假膜性结肠炎，因此，在抗生素的治疗中appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening 考虑伴有腹泻的患者是因抗生素使用引起的，伪膜性结肠炎可由轻度发展至具有致命性。广谱性抗生素使用改变了正常菌群，引起厌氧芽孢杆菌的扩增。研究表明由厌氧芽孢杆菌产生的毒素是产生抗生素性结肠炎的主要原因。 只要停止用药，轻度的假膜性结肠炎就可自动治愈，中至重度的抗生素性结肠炎需采用乙状结肠镜检查，用微生物法治疗的同时需加液体、蛋白质和电解质补充。当停药后症状仍未缓解或加重时，需口服万古霉素，用于治疗抗生素性假膜性结肠炎(因厌氧芽孢杆菌引起)。其他原因引起的结肠炎应被排除。 4(肾功能减退病人应减少剂量，并须注意出血并发症的发生。若应用大剂量，偶可发生低凝血酶原血症，有时可伴出血，因此在治疗前和治疗过程中应测定出血时间。虽然本品罕见引起肾功能改变，但必须推荐测量肾功能状况，尤其针对使用最大剂量的严重患者。 5(应用本品期间饮酒可出现双硫仑样反应，故在应用本品期间和以后数天内，应避免饮酒和含酒精饮料。 6(对诊断的干扰:应用本品时可出现直接抗球蛋白(Coombs)试验阳性;以硫酸铜法测定尿糖时发生假阳性反应，采用葡萄糖酶法测定尿糖，其结果不受影响;以磺基水杨酸检测尿蛋白时可出现假阳性反应;应用本品期间可出现暂时性碱性磷酸酶、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、血清门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、血清肌酐和血尿素氮升高。 7、长期使用本品，可能会促使耐药菌株的增加，故在治疗期间，如发现有再度感染时，得重做药敏试验。 8、有报告指出同时并用氨基糖甙类及头孢菌素类的抗生素可能与肾毒性有关。 【孕妇及哺乳妇女用药】 乳汁中本品含量甚少。孕妇及哺乳期妇女应用权衡利弊。 妊娠一鼠生殖研究显示，本品投与500或1000mg/公斤/每天，未发现繁殖力减小或对胎儿伤害情形发生。但目前尚未对怀孕妇女做适当并严密控制研究，由于动物生殖力研究并不一定为人类反应的前兆，因此妊娠期间，确实需要时方可使用。某些beta-lactacm抗生素具有N-methylthiotetrazole侧链，在新生鼠最初精子生发期(6,36日龄)给与此类药品，有延迟睾丸胚上皮成熟作用之报告。动物实验以头孢孟多1000mg/公斤/每天给予6日,36日龄动物(大约最大临床使用量之五倍)，其成熟延缓现象显著，睾丸重量减少，精子生发期主波中胚细胞数目减少。而给与鼠50或100mg/每天，则此现象轻微。有些动物在6日,36日龄间投入1000mg/公斤/每天，性成熟后不孕。鼠子宫，最初精子生发期前(4日龄或更小)给药新生鼠或老年鼠(大于36日龄)，暴露后直到六个月，均未观察到有任何不良反应。鼠身上此种发现，对于人是否有意义，由于最初精子生发期时间差异，精子生成速率及发生期持续时间的不同，目前尚不得而知。 【儿童用药】 1个月内的新生儿和早产儿不推荐应用本药。 【老年患者用药】 老年患者肾功能减退，须调整剂量。参见用法用量。 【药物相互作用】 1(本品制剂中含有碳酸钠，因而与含有钙或镁的溶液(包括复方氯化钠注射液或复方乳酸钠注射液)有配伍禁忌。两者不能混合在同一容器中;如必须合用时，应分开在不同容器中给药。 2(头孢孟多与产生低凝血酶原血症、血小板减少症或胃肠道溃疡的药物同用，将干扰凝血功能和增加出血危险。 3(头孢孟多与氨基糖苷类、多粘菌素类、呋塞米、依他尼酸合用，有增加肾毒性的可能。 4(丙磺舒可抑制头孢菌素类的肾小管分泌，两者同时应用将增加头孢菌素类的血药浓度和appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening 延长其半衰期。 5(红霉素可增加本品对脆弱拟杆菌的体外抗菌活性100倍以上。与庆大霉素或阿米卡星合用，在体外对某些革兰阴性杆菌有协同作用。 【药物过量】 大剂量给药时，头孢菌素会引起癫痫发作，特别是病人的肾脏会受到损害，当患者的肾脏功能受到损害时必须将剂量减少(参看给药剂量)。如果癫痫发作应立即停止给药，若出现临床症状应给予抗厥药的治疗，在无法治疗这种过量反应的情况下应考虑使用血液透析治疗。 【药理毒理】 本品为第二代头孢菌素类抗生素。头孢孟多酯钠的抗菌活性仅为头孢孟多的1/5,l/10，头孢孟多酯钠进入体内迅速水解为头孢孟多，所以两者在体内的抗菌作用基本相同。 本品通常可用于以下细菌引起的感染: 革兰氏阳性菌:金黄色葡萄球菌，包括耐青霉素酶和不耐青霉素酶的菌珠;表皮葡萄球菌;β-链球菌和其他链球菌(大多数肠杆菌属，例如肠球菌对本品耐药);肺炎链球菌。 革兰氏阴性菌:大肠埃希菌;克雷伯菌属;肠杆菌属(在治疗期间最初敏感菌珠有时可能产生耐药);流感嗜血杆菌;奇异变形杆菌;雷氏普罗威登斯菌;摩根氏杆菌;普通变形杆菌(其中有些菌株能对头孢孟多和一些头孢菌素在体外试验中表现为耐药)。 厌氧菌:革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性球菌(包括黑色消化球菌属和消化链球菌属);革兰氏阳性杆菌(包括梭状芽孢杆菌属);革兰氏阴性杆菌(包括类杆菌属和梭状杆菌属);大多数脆弱类杆菌对本品耐药。 假单胞菌属、不动杆菌和大多数沙雷菌属都对头孢孟多和某些头孢菌素产生耐药性。 头孢孟多不会被一些肠杆菌所产β-内酰胺酶分解。 肠杆菌属中产生的某些β-内酰胺酶对头孢孟多产生降解作用，从而使这些菌珠对头孢孟多耐药。 本品作用为与细菌细胞膜上的青霉素结合蛋白(PBPs)结合，使转肽酶酰化，抑制细菌中隔和细胞壁的合成，影响细胞壁粘肽成分的交叉连结，使细胞分裂和生长受到抑制，细菌形态变长，最后溶解和死亡。 【药代动力学】 正常人肌肉注射500mg和1g的头孢孟多后，在30至120分钟内，可达到最高的平均血药峰浓度，分别为13μg/ml，25μg/ml。分别静脉给药1克、2克、3克后，10分钟内其体内的血药浓度分别为139，240，533μg/ml，在4小时后其血药浓度分别递减为0.8,2.2,2.9μg/ml。4克/6小时的给药剂量，不会在体内产生药物蓄积。静脉注射头孢孟多的半衰期为32分钟，肌肉注射半衰期为60分钟。 头孢孟多的分布容积(Vd)为0.16L/kg。动物注射本品后，药物迅速分布于全身各组织器官中，心、肺、肝、脾、胃、肠、生殖器官等脏器中的浓度为血药浓度的8%,24%，肾、胆汁和尿中的药物浓度分别为血药浓度的2倍、4.6倍和145倍。胆汁中浓度为141,325μg/L，腹水、心包液和关节液中为5.5,25μg/L。当脑膜有炎症时，本品可透过血-脑脊液屏障，其脑脊液中浓度与蛋白量有关。细菌性脑膜炎病人按体重静脉注射33mg/kg，脑脊液蛋白低于或高于100mg/ml时，药物浓度分别为0,0.62μg/L和0.57,7.4μg/L。蛋白结合率为78%。 给药8小时后65%,85%的本品从肾排泄，导致尿中的药物浓度增高。分别给患者肌肉注射500毫克和1克的本品后，尿中的药物浓度分别为254μg/ml和1357μg/ml。分别静脉注射1克和2克的本品，尿中的药物浓度分别为750μg/ml和1380μg/ml。肾功能中度和重度减退病人的血消除半衰期(t1/2)分别延长至3小时和10小时以上。本品在体内不代谢，经肾小球滤过和肾小管分泌，自尿中以原形排出。少量(0.08%)可经胆汁中排泄，胆汁中可达appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening 有效治疗浓度。口服丙磺舒可增加本品的血药浓度并延长半衰期。腹膜透析清除本品的效能 差，透析12小时只能清除给药量的3.9%;血液透析的清除率较高，高度肾功能损害经血液 透析后，半衰期可缩短至6.2小时。 【贮藏】密封，在凉暗(避光并不超过20?)干燥处保存。 【包装】西林瓶，1瓶/盒、10瓶/盒、20瓶/盒。 有效期】24个月。 appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening