玉簪记为明朝浙江钱塘人高濂所撰

玉簪记为明朝浙江钱塘人高濂所撰 Synopses 崑曲劇情 玉簪記 《玉簪記》為明朝浙江錢塘人高濂所撰,全本三十三齣,取材《古今女史》中女貞觀 尼陳妙常,與潘必正相愛,經臨江令張于湖斷為夫婦事。敷演南宋潘必正與陳嬌蓮自幼定 親,後嬌蓮之父亡故,又值金兀朮南侵,嬌蓮與母失散,寄居道觀,法名妙常。必正上京 赴試,因病下第休歸,寄居於姑母主持的女貞觀中,巧遇妙常,兩人互不相識。必正愛慕 妙常的文才風韻,以琴曲傾吐心聲,妙常懾於教規,以琴曲拒之。必正相思成疾,妙常聞 訊探視,仍然不敢明言。其後,妙常填詞一首,吐露真情,為必正所得,妙常無可辯解, 遂訂終身之約。事為姑母察覺,逼潘提早進京赴試,潘無奈啟程,妙常趕至秋江,互訴衷 情,堅守前盟。必正得中進士後,回觀迎娶。夫妻回家時喜見陳母亦在潘家依親,母女亦 得團圓。 《玉簪記》被譽為中國十大古典喜劇之一,非常細膩的描寫兩位主角內心感情,文辭 典雅而不深奧,曲調平和而不流俗,唱腔轉折而不拗嗓,是雅俗共賞的好戲。「琴挑」的 月下相逢使潘、陳二人互生愛慕之心,緊隨其後的「問病」、「偷詩」,則是陳、潘為愛 情所做的試探。潘因思念成疾,陳藉故來慰問,陳相思而作詞,潘恰好偷而頌之,一來一 往的猜心遊戲使感情化暗為明。在姑母發現他們的秘密後強行催逼侄兒提早赴試時,妙常 以堅貞不渝的愛情信念,借一葉扁舟追至江心,兩人秋江盟誓。此劇把古典藝術的力量便 發展到了極致,一切外部環境所造成的悲劇因素,在樂觀通達的精神境介面前,都顯得那 麼軟弱無力。 Yu Zan Ji (The Jade Hairpin) “The Jade Hairpin” was written by the Ming dynasty playwright Gao Lian (1527-1609). It is a happily ended love story between Pan Bizheng, a young scholar, and Chen Miaochang, a talented Taoist nun. After failing in the government examination because of sickness, Pan goes to stay with his aunt, the superior of a Taoist nunnery. There he meets Chen who, seeking shelter from the war, has no choice but become a nun. Pan and Chen are both good at zither. Through the music and a poem, the two become lovers. Pan’s aunt finds out about it and forces Pan to go to the capital for another government examination. This time Pan passes it and comes back to marry Chen. Synopses 崑曲劇情 琴挑 , 『這也不關我事』 「琴挑」為《玉簪記》第十六齣,是《玉簪記》中關鍵的一齣,描寫必正與妙常在 「茶敘」清談以後互生愛慕之心,妙常月下操琴,必正尋聲而至,借琴曲試探妙常心意。 妙常因受傳統禮教的規範,只得以琴曲「廣寒遊」明她的出家人身份來搪塞,但是在必 正告辭之後,卻自露心聲。必正卻未離去,在旁聽得妙常的心聲後,欣喜欲狂,向上天訴 求成就姻緣的心願。 此齣被兩支琴曲間妙常無心的一句「這也不關我事」分成兩段,前一半用四支「六字 調」的「懶畫眉」曲牌來描寫月下相逢的情節,而後一半用四支「正工調」的「朝元歌」 曲牌來描寫兩人的情思。並且利用不同調式、笛色 的特性來表現這一劇情的轉折,是借音樂營造氣氛 的代表作。 Qin Tiao (Flirting with a Zither) One night Pan could not sleep and went for a walk. He ran into Chen, who was playing the zither. Chen had heard that Pan was good at music. She asked Pan to play a song for her. He did. He expressed his feelings in the song and attempted to talk her out of the religious life. Chen was touched but refrained from revealing her emotions. Pan, confused by the contradiction between her behavior, which is tender toward him and her words, which are scolding, apologizes and leaves. Chen, not knowing Pan is hiding in the corner, spills her love for the young scholar. Pan hears her confession and comes out from hiding joyfully. Chen, embarrassed, hurries back to her chamber. Pan goes back to his chamber with a warm heart but catches a cold from standing outside too long. 問病 , 『把你那段心兒且放寬』 「問病」為《玉簪記》第十七齣,寫必正相思成疾,觀主偕妙常來探望,問起病 由,必正有口難言,妙常心知肚明,但恐閒口惹事非,不敢明言。 本齣是以小生的唱工為主,但是在書僮進安 的穿插之下,生、旦之間的眉目傳情,就變得生動 而明顯了。 Wen Bing (Visiting the Sick One) Pan fell sick. His aunt, along with Chen, came to visit him. What the aunt didn’t know is that Pan actually came down with lovesickness and Chen was the cure. Synopses 崑曲劇情 偷詩 , 『一首詞、兩下緣、三生謎』 「偷詩」為《玉簪記》第十九齣,寫妙常情絲繫於必正,又念及本身因避戰禍,寄跡 道觀,弄假成真,於是把心事填成「西江月」詞一首。詞成睏倦,倚桌稍歇。此時必正病 起無聊,閒步而至,見房門半掩,乃捱身而進。必正見詞大喜,於是喚醒妙常,兩人互訴 情衷,海誓山盟。 本齣是兩人感情化暗為明的關鍵,必正見詞得知妙常芳心後,得意忘形,有意的去戲 耍妙常。也因此能夠突出妙常在相思無奈之後,面對心上人時所流露出來的佯怒、尷尬與 羞赧。這期間層次分明,因此表演時首重默契,才 能把妙常卸除偽裝的過程表現的合情合理。 Tou Shi (Stealing a Poem) Chen couldn’t resist Pan’s charm. Yet she had to suppress her worldly passions and desires. One day she composed a poem revealing her stirred up emotions, and then dozed off at the desk. Pan happened to pass by Chen’s chamber and found the door left ajar. He stepped in and stole a look at the poem. He then knew about Chen’s feelings. He woke up Chen and showed her the poem. Chen could no longer hide or deny the truth. 秋江 , 『千愁萬恨別離間』 「秋江」為《玉簪記》第二十三齣,寫觀主見必正及妙常相互傾心,恐二人敗壞山門 清規,於是逼必正提早赴試,絕了眼前往來。妙常趕至江邊雇船送別。兩人千言萬語,意 惹情牽,然恐人嚷開惹是非,只得以碧玉鸞簪及鴛鴦扇墜互贈,作為加冠雙圓之證,依依 灑淚而別。 秋江話別一場,兩人合唱「小桃紅」一曲,優美哀怨,配以柔美的身段、含蓄的做 表,使人深深體會出兩人的濃情蜜意。最後船以倒退方式下場,更能表現出依依的離情。 Qiu Jiang (The Autumn River)