为了正常的体验网站,请在浏览器设置里面开启Javascript功能!

鸽子公母识别方法及常见病防治

2018-01-12 50页 doc 153KB 22阅读

用户头像

is_729658

暂无简介

举报
鸽子公母识别方法及常见病防治鸽子公母识别方法及常见病防治 成年鸽性别的区分出了鼻子(雄性鸽发情时会有求偶的表现)外一般是用手指触摸肛门下方左右对称的骨头,俗称“蛋窝”如果分的比较开 一般就是雌性,夹的比较紧一般是雄性。你可以参考以下。 鸽子公母鉴定主要有以下几种方法: 一、有体形鉴别法:雄鸽体形偏大,头顶宽阔两足微微隆起,颈粗短而较硬,雌鸽体形结构紧凑优美,整个头部狭长,眼环紧贴鼻瘤较小,颈细长而较软。 性情鉴别法:雄鸽气势雄壮,好动好斗,并发出咕噜咕噜的鸣叫,雌鸽气势温顺好静,不好斗,抵抗力较弱,不啃声或只发出低沉的呜呜声。 二、羽毛鉴定法:雄...
鸽子公母识别方法及常见病防治
鸽子公母识别方法及常见病防治 成年鸽性别的区分出了鼻子(雄性鸽发情时会有求偶的现)外一般是用手指触摸肛门下方左右对称的骨头,俗称“蛋窝”如果分的比较开 一般就是雌性,夹的比较紧一般是雄性。你可以参考以下。 鸽子公母鉴定主要有以下几种方法: 一、有体形鉴别法:雄鸽体形偏大,头顶宽阔两足微微隆起,颈粗短而较硬,雌鸽体形结构紧凑优美,整个头部狭长,眼环紧贴鼻瘤较小,颈细长而较软。 性情鉴别法:雄鸽气势雄壮,好动好斗,并发出咕噜咕噜的鸣叫,雌鸽气势温顺好静,不好斗,抵抗力较弱,不啃声或只发出低沉的呜呜声。 二、羽毛鉴定法:雄鸽颈羽越粗,呈紫绿色金属光泽,较为鲜艳,主翼羽尖端成圆状,尾羽污垢,雌鸽颈羽纤细较软,金色光泽不如雄鸽艳丽,翅膀收得较紧,尾羽干净。 骨骼鉴别法:雄鸽颈椎骨粗硬有力,胸骨长而稍弯,龙骨突出,胸骨末端与蛋骨(耻骨)间距紧接,骨盆及两耻骨间距离较窄而紧。雌鸽颈椎骨细而软,胸骨短而直,胸骨末端与耻骨间距较宽,龙骨突出,耻骨间距的宽而有弹性。 三、肛门鉴别法:雄鸽肛门合闭时是呈凸形,张开呈六角形,雌鸽肛门闭合时呈凹形,张开时呈星形。 雏鸽雌雄鉴别法:雄鸽出壳后生长快,体形偏大,头部大而成圆形,雌鸽体形一半偏小,头圆而小嘴长而窄。鸽蛋的雌雄鉴别法:受精鸽蛋孵化7天后在灯光下可看出雌雄鸽得分别,雄性两则血丝对称,呈现蜘蛛形状,雌鸽血丝不对称,一边长一边短,而稀少。 此外,民间还有一些辨别的土法: application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 一(把鸽子握在手中后,用拇指和食指轻轻拉动嘴向前,引伸直,即刻松手。如果鸽子头向后挣,用力后甩的,应视为公的。如果鸽子的嘴“叭唧”两三下的就视为母的。 二(握住鸽子,用右手将鸽子的三个脚趾并在一起,成平行的样子,左边脚趾长的应视为公的;一样齐的应视为母的。注意,鸽子的两只脚的长短表现基本一样,左右两脚都看,更有把握。 三(握住鸽子,用手去摸鸽子的耻骨。如果耻骨平行的应视为母。左边的那块耻骨,如果向里凹进,并有不平行的感觉,应视为公。 刚开始练习辨别雌、雄时,可以用已知的公、母鸽看上几遍,用上面的三种方法,试验衡量一下,我想您会有收获的。 首先感谢您对本网的支持与信任,但本网“有问有答”栏目只负责回复关于农业科技生产方面的问题,您所咨询的问题建议在本网“市场信息”的“供求热线”栏目中查询或发布求购信息。。 鸽子常见病: 鸽痘,别名白喉、传染性上皮癌由痘病毒引起的一种传染性病毒病,在鸽的体表皮肤产生典型痘痂或鸽阮与喉形成 干酪样的沉积物。又称白喉或传染性上皮癌。鸽痘病毒,也通过接触传染或通过唾液、鼻分泌物和泪液污染饲料,饮水或空气传染。另也与蚊子和其它吸血昆虫叮咬传递病毒有关。幼鸽是主要的受害者,此病一年四季都有发生。夏秋季发病率最高,秋季和冬初,皮肤型较多,冬季粘膜型最为常见,潜伏期为4至8天,如果没有发生并发症,病程一般为3至4周,病愈后具有免疫力。 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 病原:由鸽痘病毒感染所引起,在一岁以内之幼鸽发生的机率相对比较高,每年3—6月为主流行季,其他季节亦会感染,对未接种疫苗的赛鸽构成严重威胁。 症状: (一)、 皮肤型发主在无毛的皮肤上,如眼睑、鼻、嘴角、腿、脚趾间,肛口周围和翼内 无毛的皮肤上。初发病时为细簿灰白色皮状盖物,有针尖大小到豌豆大小,迅速长出小结节。后呈灰黄色,逐渐长大,表面为凹凸不平的坚硬结节,内含有黄脂状的糊块。长在眼睛附近的鸽痘常导致眼睛变色。长满豆痂的幼鸽非常难看,严重者可导致死亡。但通常不会影响鸽子性能表现。 (二)、粘膜型:也叫白喉型,在口腔,咽喉部位粘膜上,初发为白色,不透明,稍有突起小结,然后迅速增大,融合而呈黄色干酪样,坏死物呈假膜状态,在气管里发生痘,危害是最大的,鸽因咽喉沉积物堵塞,引起气管闭塞而窒患死亡,或饥饿死亡。 病毒进入鸽子体内后即快速大量繁殖,潜伏期4—7天,然后在皮肤及粘膜处爆发,如鼻部、嘴缘、口腔、眼睛周围、肛门口、脚部及体表其他不长毛的部位,严重时眼球及气管内亦会感染,影响赛鸽的体能以及呼吸,亦常并发细菌感染或毛滴虫、球虫、呼吸道疾病发作,甚至造成死亡。 治疗方法:将患部痂皮小心剥离,痂皮含病毒不可随意弃置,以“鸽痘精”涂抹于患部,但不可触及眼球,口腔及鼻道内均可使用,另须补充营养,如维他命A以强化皮肤的愈合力,使用“传染病源治疗剂”以防细菌性并发症感染。将病鸽隔离,使充分休息,避免打架,application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 健康鸽应作紧急接种,感染发病过的鸽子能获得很好的免疫力,遇有鸽痘发生应即处置及送医诊治,并停止训练飞行,轻忽往往造成更严重的病理情况。 接种: 幼鸽出生三周龄以上开始接种,有效期一年,接种后7—10天检查接种部位是否有痘疤出现,鸽痘疫苗可同时与巴拉米哥病毒疫苗或沙门氏菌疫苗同时使用,接种后连续补充2天电解质或维他命并且减少训练。 病毒是关键的源头,坚持使用球滴清粉剂,如患病,采用痘必克,5天后即解除抑制住鸽痘的传染,即不再出现新的鸽痘或生黄,老鸽痘均能剥离和萎缩痊愈。 疾病的预防和治疗 我的鸽子眼睛在晚上的时候流眼泪 眼睛上有眼屎,眼睛睁不开是什么病要怎么治疗,还有就是鸽子昏睡,食欲不振,应该怎么治疗,,, 2008-05-28 22:16 夜風來襲 回答:2 人气:7 解决时间:2008-06-09 01:17 检举 一、脚气病 鸽子饲料营养不良,缺乏维生素B1,致使鸽子的两脚无力,不能支持身体站立和行走。防治方法,每只患鸽每天口服维生素 B10.06毫克,分三次服用,数日后可恢复健康。 二、口腔腭裂发炎 此病发生的原因主要是鸽子吃谷子时,把谷子塞到口腔顶部腭裂中,从而引起发炎,即口腔腭裂发炎。此病初期口腔粘液较多,并妨碍鸽子的饮食。从而使其不能进食而饿死。发现application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 发炎可用镊子把嵌入的谷子取出即可治好。 三、鸽痘 鸽痘的病因是鸽痘鸽病毒。主要通过吸血昆虫,特别是蚊子叮咬传播,多发生于夏秋季节的雏鸽和青年鸽。先发生在头部裸露无毛皮肤上,如眼脸、鼻孔周围、嘴角等,出现灰白色麸皮状覆盖物,随即长出小结节,初呈灰色,后呈灰黄色。逐渐长大,变成表面凹凸不平的坚硬结节,内有鲜酪样物。有时结节数量很多,互相连传成较大的干痂,眼闭合不能张开,嘴张闭困难,严重影响鸽的生长发育。防治方法:对病鸽要进行隔离,加强饲养管理,鸽舍定期消毒,消灭传播媒介,痘痂处用2,,4,硼酸溶液洗涤,再涂上0.5,硝酸 银溶液或紫药水。非病鸽可注射鸽痘苗预防。 四、软壳蛋 软壳蛋是由于饲料内维生素A、D或钙含量不足,钙、磷比例失调,产蛋过多。长期晒不到日光,产蛋时受惊等原因而造成。防治方法是:调整饲料,补充维生素A、D和钙,调整钙磷比 例,多晒太阳。 五、鸽虱 鸽虱(羽虱)寄生于体表或附于羽毛上,可引起鸽体奇痒,由于啄痒造成羽毛断折,消瘦,产蛋减少。鸽虱的防治方法是:在10千克细沙内加入硫黄粉0.25千克,充分混匀,铺成10,20厘米厚的小沙坑,让鸽自行沙浴,以杀灭羽虱。在天气晴暖时也可采用0.7,,1,氟化钠水溶液给鸽子进行水浴。为了增强氟化钠的效果,水溶液中可加入0.3,肥皂水。为了制止本病的传染和流行,对鸽舍及食槽、饮水等用具进行消毒,每月用福尔马林药液喷洒一次或用敌 百虫喷杀一次。 六、眼结膜炎 鸽发生眼结膜炎,可用2,硼酸液冲洗或用金霉素眼 膏涂之即可痊愈 153 .如何防治鸽痘, application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check ( 1 )流行特点:鸽痘是由鸽痘病毒引起的常见疾病。各种年龄的鸽子均可发生,其中以乳鸽和青年鸽发病较多。鸽痘可通过饲料、饮水、灰尘,以及鸽子互相接吻而传染,皮肤或黏膜伤口也易感染,但本病的主要传染媒介是蚊子和其他吸血昆虫,因此,流行季节为春末、夏季和秋初,梅雨季节严重口 ( 2 )临床症状:经4,10 天的潜伏期后,在裸露的皮肤部位,多在眼睑、嘴角、鼻瘤、肛门、脚腿上形成特殊的痘疹。开始为灰白色小结节,之后变成红润到棕褐色的结痴,再变为易于出血的红色坚硬肉芽。少数患鸽,病灶可出现于咽部黏膜,称黏膜型,初为黄白色小结节,继而形成黄白色千酪样的具有恶臭、且不易剥离的假膜,俗称白喉型。有时两个病型可同时出现于一个个体,称为“痘血喉”。严重时引起呼吸障碍,常导致窒息死亡。如发生细菌性继发感染,使痘痂化脓,病鸽食欲日益减退,体重减轻。体质较强的成年鸽一般可自然康复,乳鸽和青年鸽发病后的症状较重,死亡率10 ,, 50 ,。日龄越小,死亡率则愈高口 ( 3 )防治:预防本病的关键措施是加强饲养管理,做好鸽舍的消毒和除蚊灭虫工作,保持舍内干燥清洁,清除滋生蚊虫的死水处。治疗本病的方法有下列几种: ? 病鸽及时隔离治疗,用镊子或剪刀剥去痘痴,用2 , , 4 ,的硼酸水洗涤,再以碘甘油(碘酒1 份,加甘油1 一2 份)或紫药水。未成熟的痘可进行烧烙。对喉部的假膜小心除去后,再用稀碘液清洗患部。 ? 用云南白药、“刀口药”等中草药涂擦患部创面。 ? 用0.04 ,四环素拌料,放入饮水的浓度要减半,以控制细菌的继发感染。 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check ? 在保健砂和饮水中增加多种维生素,尤其维生素A 的供给,以增强鸽的抵抗力,保护皮肤和促进伤口愈合。 ? 在常发鸽痘的地区和饲养单位,可在每年繁殖季节之前,对6 周龄以上的童鸽进行免疫接种,接种的方法是:将腿部羽毛拔去一部分,然后用硬刷将疫苗涂擦于3 , 4 个羽毛囊上即可。 156 (如何防治鸽? 型副私病毒病, ( 1 )流行特点:鸽?型副勃病毒病,又称鸽新城疫,是一种急性、烈性传染病,也是一种高度接触性传染病。健康鸽接触到病鸽就会被传染,或是通过污染的饲料、饮水、鸽具,以及接触病鸽的人,被污染的衣服、鞋、帽都会传染。病鸽的卵也可以带毒,因此,一旦发生本病,在很短的时间内将传染整个鸽群。 ( 2 )临床症状:感染本病毒的鸽,首先发生严重水样下痢,拉黄绿色稀粪,精神不佳,羽毛松乱,呼吸困难,食欲减少,饮欲剧增,眼结膜炎或眼球炎,鼻有分泌物。有些可见单侧性翅膀或腿麻痹,伴有阵发性痉挛、震颤,头颈扭曲,颈部僵直,头向后仰等症状。有些信鸽表面正常,但飞行时却难以自控,不能飞向目的地,或飞出后不能返回。 ( 3 )剖检病变:鸽感染本病后,其病变与鸡新城疫的病变大致相同。 30 % , 40,的病鸽结膜发炎、充血、出血,并有分泌物。出现脑充血,有少量的出血点,实质水肿;肝肿大,有出血点及出血斑;脾肿大;肾苍白、肿大。约有40 ,病例见小肠、直肠和泄殖腔出血或充血。自然病例的腺胃未见有明显病变;部分病鸽有针头大小坏死点。 ( 4 )防治措施:接种疫苗是一种行之有效的预防措施,上吸道application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 接种免疫效应优于翼膜或肌肉接种。 最有效的疫苗是鸽I 型副黏病毒灭活疫苗,该疫苗接种1 次即具良好的免疫力,非常安全。操作时,先用酒精将颈的下半部羽毛喷湿(可用小喷雾器),然后拇指与食指捏住鸽子的颈中部皮肤并拉起,使形成一个“囊’,拨升羽毛,小心将针头插人颈部中线的皮下囊内,每只鸽注人0. 5 毫升疫苗,拔出针头时,角度要与人针时相同。每注射1 只鸽,俏毒针头1 次。 该疫苗注射后,机体漫慢吸收,经3 , 4 周可获较高的免疫力。如果进行第二次接种,则可获得更高的免疫力,老鸽每年重复接种1 次。 157 (如何防治鸽子衣原体病, ( 1 )流行特点:本病能感染所有鸟类,也是一种能够传染给人的人鸟共患疾病。2 , 3 周龄幼鸽感染本病危险性最大,死亡率可达20,, 30, ,成年鸽是隐性感染;正常鸽群中约有30,的鸽带有衣原体,一旦受到长途运输、紧张飞行、过度繁殖、营养缺乏等环境和饲养条件改变的严重应激,成年鸽也会发生慢性或亚急性病例本病的感染率随季节而变化,每年1 , 4 月份感染率最低,5 月、7 月份逐渐上升,至11 月份感染率最高,达80 ,以上。本病病原体随粪便、泪液和咽喉的黏液及鸽乳排出体外,鸽子通过摄食被污染的饲料和饮水、接吻以及母鸽喂仔等途径感染,也可通过吸入空气中的病原体感染。 ( 2 )防治措施: ? 病鸽可用土霉素肌注或口服,每只5 万,8 万单位,每天1次,连用5 天。 ? 鸽群流行本病时,可选用金霉素、四环素、土霉素、红霉素拌料,以金霉素为佳,用量为0 . 04 ,,0.06 % , 连续2 个疗程,每application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 个疗程5 天,中间停2 天。 ? 鸽群混合感染霉形体病时,可用泰乐菌素0.8 克,升,饮水3 天 ? 发现鸽患鸟疫后,应封锁鸽舍,加强饲养管理,舍内外进行全面的消毒,保持舍内清洁、干燥,避免应激。另外,本病为人畜共患病,场内有关人员应做好防护工作,以防感染。 162 (如何防治鸽子球虫病, ( 1 )主要症状:鸽球虫病的临床症状,依病鸽的不同年龄而异。成年鸽的症状轻微,幼鸽则症状明显,病情较重,并有较高的死亡率。主要表现为:病鸽不思饮食,但大量饮水,体质瘦弱,苍白贫血,腹泻,粪便呈绿色或黑褐色带血,有的呈红褐色带血,拉稀严重的伴有失水现象,剖检可见肠道炎症,肠黏液充血或出血,如刮取小肠黏膜镜检,可发现有球虫卵囊。 ( 2 )防治措施:? 由于球虫卵囊需要温暖潮湿的环境发育,对高温和干燥的环境抵抗力较弱,故应保待鸽场与运动场的干燥,勤除粪便。饲料、饮水和砂槽严防粪便污染。? 发现病鸽及时隔离。? 病鸽可用盐酸左旋咪唑或灭敌菌净治疗,剂量为40 , 50 毫克,千克体重。? 口服磺胺二甲嘧啶,每日1 次,每次每羽0 . 25 ,0.4克,连续服用3 天。 在驱虫之后应注意增加饲料营养,多喂含维生素A 的多维素或鱼肝油,尽快医治肠道创伤。 163 (如何防治鸽子胃肠炎, ( 1 )发病原因:胃肠炎是鸽群经常发生的消化道疾病。各年龄鸽子均可发生,其中以幼鸽为多发。病原菌常在鸽子抵抗力减弱后大量增殖而致病,所以阴暗潮湿而且污秽的生活环境,突然变换饲料种application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 类,饲料品质低劣,以及污秽的饲料、饮水,都是本病发生的原因。 ( 2 )主要症状:病鸽食欲不振,羽毛蓬松,精神呆滞,喜欢饮水,嗉囊食滞,间呕吐、下痢,拉绿色或白色稀粪,严重时呈黏稠的墨绿色,有时还有带血的黏液,肛门四周羽毛多被痢便所污染。 ( 3 )防治方法:? 改善鸽群生活条件,加强饲养管理,不喂劣质饲料,保持笼舍、饲料和饮水的卫生,增强鸽群体质是预防本病发生的重要措施。? 给病鸽投服磺胺二甲基嘧啶,每次0 . 125 克(第一次剂量加倍),每天3 次,连服2 , 3 天。 164 (如何防治鸽子眼炎, ( 1 )发病原因:? 鸽子密度太大,给料时,群鸽抢食而扬起飞尘进人眼内。? 月龄不同的鸽混养在一起,大鸽欺负小鸽,强壮鸽啄弱小鸽,啄伤眼睛,感染发炎。? 大龄鸽雌雄未分栏饲养,常几只雄鸽为争夺对象打架,啄伤眼睛。? 某些疾病如维生素A 缺乏症,眼线虫刺激眼睛等也可造成眼炎。 ( 2 )治疗方法:? 首先找出眼炎原因,去除发病因素。? 用l ,盐水或2 ,硼酸水洗眼,清除眼内的分泌物,再涂上四环素眼药膏或滴眼药水,每天2 次,同时供给适量的多维或鱼肝油。 165 (如何防治鸽子嗉囊病, ( 1 )发病原因:嗉囊病包括硬嗉病、嗉囊食滞、嗉囊酸酵、消化不良等,是一种常见病。 鸽子吃了发霉变质或不易消化的饲料,以及饮水不足或饮用污水,保健砂不足或砂粒太少等都可造成本病的发生。还有的食入难以消化的东西,致使消化道阻塞,饲料不能通过蠕动推向腺胃。有的鸽因消化道吸收功能障碍如胃肠道疾病等,都可引发本病。 ( 2 )防治措施: application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 预防:主要是注意保持饲料新鲜和饮水卫生。 治疗:首先冲洗嗉囊。方法是抓住鸽,使其头向下,手指将嗉囊中的食物和液体挤出,然后用导管将2 ,的食盐溶液或0.1 ,的高锰酸钾溶液灌洗2 , 3 次,再将鸽头部向下挤出嗉囊中的液体口清洗完毕后,再口服酵母片2 片(乳鸽用1 片),并喂服维生素B 溶液3 , 5 毫升,每天1 次,连用3 天。 166 (如何防治鸽子软骨病, ( l )发病原因:发生的原因较多,遗传、环境、营养和机体状态等因素的异常,都可引起本病。常见原因如下:? 由于亲鸽基因的缺陷,将不良基因遗传给后代。? 由于幼龄鸽长期处于潮湿寒冷的不良环境中,造成脚腿血液循环受阻,营养成分不足而引起本病。? 笼养式鸽舍没有补充光照,保健砂的供给不足或配方不合理,缺少维生素D 和钙、磷等成分,造成钙、磷不足。? 长期患消化系统疾病,胃肠的消化功能和吸收、转化功能较差。 ( 2 )防治措施:首先应供给含钙磷丰富的饲料和保健砂,保健砂应现配现给,每天1 次,管理上应防止鸽舍的潮湿,补充光照。病鸽可口服钙片,或喂给新鲜的保健砂,同时,胸肌注射维生素D 针剂,每天1 次,连续5 天。 167 (如何防治鸽子食盐中毒, ( 1 )中毒症状:病鸽精神萎靡,运动失调,两脚无力,食欲废绝,口渴,大量饮水而使嗉囊扩张,嘴、眼、鼻有分泌物流出,常发生下痢,排黏液样小便,皮肤脱水,眼睛凹陷,继而出现呼吸困难,抽搐性痉挛,最后因呼吸衰竭、脱水而死亡。 ( 2 )防治方法:? 立即停止喂含盐饲料及饮水,更换饲料,同时给新鲜饮水或含糖水。? 静脉注射葡萄糖水溶液。? 投服钙制剂、application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 轻泻剂及镇静剂。? 严格控制饲料中食盐的含量。 162 (如何防治鸽子球虫病, ( 1 )主要症状:鸽球虫病的临床症状,依病鸽的不同年龄而异。成年鸽的症状轻微,幼鸽则症状明显,病情较重,并有较高的死亡率。主要表现为:病鸽不思饮食,但大量饮水,体质瘦弱,苍白贫血,腹泻,粪便呈绿色或黑褐色带血,有的呈红褐色带血,拉稀严重的伴有失水现象,剖检可见肠道炎症,肠黏液充血或出血,如刮取小肠黏膜镜检,可发现有球虫卵囊。 ( 2 )防治措施:? 由于球虫卵囊需要温暖潮湿的环境发育,对高温和干燥的环境抵抗力较弱,故应保待鸽场与运动场的干燥,勤除粪便。饲料、饮水和砂槽严防粪便污染。? 发现病鸽及时隔离。? 病鸽可用盐酸左旋咪唑或灭敌菌净治疗,剂量为40 , 50 毫克,千克体重。? 口服磺胺二甲嘧啶,每日1 次,每次每羽0 . 25 ,0.4克,连续服用3 天。 在驱虫之后应注意增加饲料营养,多喂含维生素A 的多维素或鱼肝油,尽快医治肠道创伤。 163 (如何防治鸽子胃肠炎, ( 1 )发病原因:胃肠炎是鸽群经常发生的消化道疾病。各年龄鸽子均可发生,其中以幼鸽为多发。病原菌常在鸽子抵抗力减弱后大量增殖而致病,所以阴暗潮湿而且污秽的生活环境,突然变换饲料种类,饲料品质低劣,以及污秽的饲料、饮水,都是本病发生的原因。 ( 2 )主要症状:病鸽食欲不振,羽毛蓬松,精神呆滞,喜欢饮水,嗉囊食滞,间呕吐、下痢,拉绿色或白色稀粪,严重时呈黏稠的墨绿色,有时还有带血的黏液,肛门四周羽毛多被痢便所污染。 ( 3 )防治方法:? 改善鸽群生活条件,加强饲养管理,不喂劣application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 质饲料,保持笼舍、饲料和饮水的卫生,增强鸽群体质是预防本病发生的重要措施。? 给病鸽投服磺胺二甲基嘧啶,每次0 . 125 克(第一次剂量加倍),每天3 次,连服2 , 3 天。 164 (如何防治鸽子眼炎, ( 1 )发病原因:? 鸽子密度太大,给料时,群鸽抢食而扬起飞尘进人眼内。? 月龄不同的鸽混养在一起,大鸽欺负小鸽,强壮鸽啄弱小鸽,啄伤眼睛,感染发炎。? 大龄鸽雌雄未分栏饲养,常几只雄鸽为争夺对象打架,啄伤眼睛。? 某些疾病如维生素A 缺乏症,眼线虫刺激眼睛等也可造成眼炎。 ( 2 )治疗方法:? 首先找出眼炎原因,去除发病因素。? 用l ,盐水或2 ,硼酸水洗眼,清除眼内的分泌物,再涂上四环素眼药膏或滴眼药水,每天2 次,同时供给适量的多维或鱼肝油。 165 (如何防治鸽子嗉囊病, ( 1 )发病原因:嗉囊病包括硬嗉病、嗉囊食滞、嗉囊酸酵、消化不良等,是一种常见病。 鸽子吃了发霉变质或不易消化的饲料,以及饮水不足或饮用污水,保健砂不足或砂粒太少等都可造成本病的发生。还有的食入难以消化的东西,致使消化道阻塞,饲料不能通过蠕动推向腺胃。有的鸽因消化道吸收功能障碍如胃肠道疾病等,都可引发本病。 ( 2 )防治措施: 预防:主要是注意保持饲料新鲜和饮水卫生。 治疗:首先冲洗嗉囊。方法是抓住鸽,使其头向下,手指将嗉囊中的食物和液体挤出,然后用导管将2 ,的食盐溶液或0.1 ,的高锰酸钾溶液灌洗2 , 3 次,再将鸽头部向下挤出嗉囊中的液体口清洗完毕后,再口服酵母片2 片(乳鸽用1 片),并喂服维生素B 溶application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 液3 , 5 毫升,每天1 次,连用3 天。 166 (如何防治鸽子软骨病, ( l )发病原因:发生的原因较多,遗传、环境、营养和机体状态等因素的异常,都可引起本病。常见原因如下:? 由于亲鸽基因的缺陷,将不良基因遗传给后代。? 由于幼龄鸽长期处于潮湿寒冷的不良环境中,造成脚腿血液循环受阻,营养成分不足而引起本病。? 笼养式鸽舍没有补充光照,保健砂的供给不足或配方不合理,缺少维生素D 和钙、磷等成分,造成钙、磷不足。? 长期患消化系统疾病,胃肠的消化功能和吸收、转化功能较差。 ( 2 )防治措施:首先应供给含钙磷丰富的饲料和保健砂,保健砂应现配现给,每天1 次,管理上应防止鸽舍的潮湿,补充光照。病鸽可口服钙片,或喂给新鲜的保健砂,同时,胸肌注射维生素D 针剂,每天1 次,连续5 天。 167 (如何防治鸽子食盐中毒, ( 1 )中毒症状:病鸽精神萎靡,运动失调,两脚无力,食欲废绝,口渴,大量饮水而使嗉囊扩张,嘴、眼、鼻有分泌物流出,常发生下痢,排黏液样小便,皮肤脱水,眼睛凹陷,继而出现呼吸困难,抽搐性痉挛,最后因呼吸衰竭、脱水而死亡。 ( 2 )防治方法:? 立即停止喂含盐饲料及饮水,更换饲料,同时给新鲜饮水或含糖水。? 静脉注射葡萄糖水溶液。? 投服钙制剂、轻泻剂及镇静剂。? 严格控制饲料中食盐的含量。 156 (如何防治鸽? 型副私病毒病, ( 1 )流行特点:鸽?型副勃病毒病,又称鸽新城疫,是一种急性、烈性传染病,也是一种高度接触性传染病。健康鸽接触到病鸽就会被传染,或是通过污染的饲料、饮水、鸽具,以及接触病鸽的人,application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 被污染的衣服、鞋、帽都会传染。病鸽的卵也可以带毒,因此,一旦发生本病,在很短的时间内将传染整个鸽群。 ( 2 )临床症状:感染本病毒的鸽,首先发生严重水样下痢,拉黄绿色稀粪,精神不佳,羽毛松乱,呼吸困难,食欲减少,饮欲剧增,眼结膜炎或眼球炎,鼻有分泌物。有些可见单侧性翅膀或腿麻痹,伴有阵发性痉挛、震颤,头颈扭曲,颈部僵直,头向后仰等症状。有些信鸽表面正常,但飞行时却难以自控,不能飞向目的地,或飞出后不能返回。 ( 3 )剖检病变:鸽感染本病后,其病变与鸡新城疫的病变大致相同。 30 % , 40,的病鸽结膜发炎、充血、出血,并有分泌物。出现脑充血,有少量的出血点,实质水肿;肝肿大,有出血点及出血斑;脾肿大;肾苍白、肿大。约有40 ,病例见小肠、直肠和泄殖腔出血或充血。自然病例的腺胃未见有明显病变;部分病鸽有针头大小坏死点。 ( 4 )防治措施:接种疫苗是一种行之有效的预防措施,上吸道接种免疫效应优于翼膜或肌肉接种。 最有效的疫苗是鸽I 型副黏病毒灭活疫苗,该疫苗接种1 次即具良好的免疫力,非常安全。操作时,先用酒精将颈的下半部羽毛喷湿(可用小喷雾器),然后拇指与食指捏住鸽子的颈中部皮肤并拉起,使形成一个“囊’,拨升羽毛,小心将针头插人颈部中线的皮下囊内,每只鸽注人0. 5 毫升疫苗,拔出针头时,角度要与人针时相同。每注射1 只鸽,俏毒针头1 次。 该疫苗注射后,机体漫慢吸收,经3 , 4 周可获较高的免疫力。如果进行第二次接种,则可获得更高的免疫力,老鸽每年重复接种1 次。 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 157 (如何防治鸽子衣原体病, ( 1 )流行特点:本病能感染所有鸟类,也是一种能够传染给人的人鸟共患疾病。2 , 3 周龄幼鸽感染本病危险性最大,死亡率可达20,, 30, ,成年鸽是隐性感染;正常鸽群中约有30,的鸽带有衣原体,一旦受到长途运输、紧张飞行、过度繁殖、营养缺乏等环境和饲养条件改变的严重应激,成年鸽也会发生慢性或亚急性病例本病的感染率随季节而变化,每年1 , 4 月份感染率最低,5 月、7 月份逐渐上升,至11 月份感染率最高,达80 ,以上。本病病原体随粪便、泪液和咽喉的黏液及鸽乳排出体外,鸽子通过摄食被污染的饲料和饮水、接吻以及母鸽喂仔等途径感染,也可通过吸入空气中的病原体感染。 ( 2 )防治措施: ? 病鸽可用土霉素肌注或口服,每只5 万,8 万单位,每天1次,连用5 天。 ? 鸽群流行本病时,可选用金霉素、四环素、土霉素、红霉素拌料,以金霉素为佳,用量为0 . 04 ,,0.06 % , 连续2 个疗程,每个疗程5 天,中间停2 天。 ? 鸽群混合感染霉形体病时,可用泰乐菌素0.8 克,升,饮水3 天 ? 发现鸽患鸟疫后,应封锁鸽舍,加强饲养管理,舍内外进行全面的消毒,保持舍内清洁、干燥,避免应激。另外,本病为人畜共患病,场内有关人员应做好防护工作,以防感染。 158 (如何防治鸟疫, (1)病床症状:病鸽食欲不振,羽毛松乱,消瘦,单侧性眼结膜炎,眼睑增厚,泪光畏光,初期流出水样物,然后变成黏液性分泌application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 物,严重者分泌物呈脓性。一些病鸽结膜混浊和失明。彼卡他,初期为水分泌物,后期变为黄色黏性分泌物,个别鸽可见单侧性鼻孔有干酪样物堵塞,外部稍臌起,呼吸苦难。粪便呈灰白、浅绿色水样,少数鸽还见有翅膀、脚麻痹和扭颈的症状。感染衣原体后4 , 15 天,鸽子体况下降,严重的腹泻、消瘦,会迅迷死亡。 ( 2 )防治鸟疫目前无特效药,以综合防治为主。 159 (如何防治鸽子念珠菌病, ( 1 )流行特点:念珠菌病又称鹅口疮,是鸽子常见的真菌性传染病。幼鸽和成鸽都易感染,以2 周龄后的乳鸽至2月龄内鸽易从生本病。刚离开亲鸽的童鸽感染后病情最严重;成鸽感染后症状不明显,但成为隐性带菌者。带菌的亲鸽通过鸽乳将病原传给乳鸽,是本病的主要传播途径。其次,病鸽排出的粪便以及被污染的饲料和饮水也会对健康鸽造成感染。本病的传染常与鸽舍的潮湿和肮脏有密切的关系,发霉的饲料和不洁的饮水也可激发本病。 ( 2 )症状和病变:患鸽初期在口腔、咽喉部充血、潮红,分泌物增多,呈黏稠状。病变逐步形成小白色点,并扩大至上腭、食道和嗉囊,造成口烂,唾液胶黏,呼出气恶臭。病鸽呼吸稍困难,有较轻的呼吸音,间有咳嗽,少食或废食,拉稀,逐渐体弱消瘦,以至死亡。 剖检,食道和嗉囊皱褶变粗、糜烂,或被覆黄白色干酪样伪膜。剥离伪膜时,可见黏膜糜烂或溃疡。 ( 3 )预防措施: 预防:主要是搞好饲料、环境、栏舍的防霉工作,尤其是在梅雨季节,避免进料过多或饲料受潮。一旦发现本病,应及时投服特效治疗药物和进行全场规模的消毒工作,必要时应封锁场舍,待完全控制疫情后才解封。病死鸽、污染物、排泄物均应小心集中,统一做无害application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 化处理。 治疗:? 有口腔病变的鸽,可除去伪膜,涂紫药水。? 喂制霉菌素,每只每次20 毫克,每天2 次,连用7 天。或用克霉哇片口服,每千克体重30 毫克,每天2 次,连用7 天。? 用1 : 2000的硫酸铜溶液饮用3 天。? 补充维生素A 辅助治疗。 160 (如何防治鸽子蛔虫病, ( 1 )主要症状:患鸽症状和鸽龄大小和寄生虫寄生数量的多少有关。一般情况下,幼鸽的症状重于成年鸽。如寄生的虫体不多,一般无明显症状;寄生的蛔虫较多时,鸽的生长速度、生产性能和食欲等会明显下降,甚至出现麻痹症状;时间较长时,患鸽体重减轻,明显消瘦。 ( 2 )防治措施:? 要避免鸽与粪便接触,每天清除粪便,搞好笼舍内外的清洁卫生,保持饲料、饮水的洁净、无污染。? 要定期驱虫,童鸽每3 个月全群驱虫1 次,成年鸽每年驱虫1 次,信鸽比赛前半个月驱虫1 次。? 对病鸽用盐酸左旋咪唑,每只每天半片(每片25 毫克),晚上喂服。轻者用1 次,重者用2 次。? 可用驱蛔灵每只每天半片,晚上喂服,连用2 天。? 在驱虫后应于次日早上检查驱虫效果,清除粪便,消毒场地。? 在驱虫后增加饲料营养,多喂含维生素A 的多维素或鱼肝油,尽快医治肠道创伤。 161 (如何防治鸽子绦虫病, ( l )主要症状:轻度感染者无明显症状。感染严重的,表现为发育停滞,羽毛粗乱无光泽,常独居一角,体况较差,无力,下痢,拉黏稠带有泡沫的粪便,仔细检查粪便时,可见有极小的方形或长方形白色不透明的离体绦虫体节。患绦虫病后,飞翔能力和生产成绩也受影响,并会继发营养缺乏症引起肠道其他传染病。 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check ( 2 )防治措施:搞好鸽舍内外卫生,消灭中间宿主― 蚰蜒、蜗牛、蚂蚁、小螺蛳等。每天清扫粪便并堆积发酵,定期消毒鸽舍和笼具。对病鸽治疗,可给服硫双二氯酚,按每干克体重150 ,200 毫克的剂量给药。也可用中药槟榔片,按1 . 5 克,千克体重的剂量,煎汁于早晨空腹时灌服。 158 (如何防治鸟疫, (1)病床症状:病鸽食欲不振,羽毛松乱,消瘦,单侧性眼结膜炎,眼睑增厚,泪光畏光,初期流出水样物,然后变成黏液性分泌物,严重者分泌物呈脓性。一些病鸽结膜混浊和失明。彼卡他,初期为水分泌物,后期变为黄色黏性分泌物,个别鸽可见单侧性鼻孔有干酪样物堵塞,外部稍臌起,呼吸苦难。粪便呈灰白、浅绿色水样,少数鸽还见有翅膀、脚麻痹和扭颈的症状。感染衣原体后4 , 15 天,鸽子体况下降,严重的腹泻、消瘦,会迅迷死亡。 ( 2 )防治鸟疫目前无特效药,以综合防治为主。 159 (如何防治鸽子念珠菌病, ( 1 )流行特点:念珠菌病又称鹅口疮,是鸽子常见的真菌性传染病。幼鸽和成鸽都易感染,以2 周龄后的乳鸽至2月龄内鸽易从生本病。刚离开亲鸽的童鸽感染后病情最严重;成鸽感染后症状不明显,但成为隐性带菌者。带菌的亲鸽通过鸽乳将病原传给乳鸽,是本病的主要传播途径。其次,病鸽排出的粪便以及被污染的饲料和饮水也会对健康鸽造成感染。本病的传染常与鸽舍的潮湿和肮脏有密切的关系,发霉的饲料和不洁的饮水也可激发本病。 ( 2 )症状和病变:患鸽初期在口腔、咽喉部充血、潮红,分泌物增多,呈黏稠状。病变逐步形成小白色点,并扩大至上腭、食道和嗉囊,造成口烂,唾液胶黏,呼出气恶臭。病鸽呼吸稍困难,有较轻application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 的呼吸音,间有咳嗽,少食或废食,拉稀,逐渐体弱消瘦,以至死亡。 剖检,食道和嗉囊皱褶变粗、糜烂,或被覆黄白色干酪样伪膜。剥离伪膜时,可见黏膜糜烂或溃疡。 ( 3 )预防措施: 预防:主要是搞好饲料、环境、栏舍的防霉工作,尤其是在梅雨季节,避免进料过多或饲料受潮。一旦发现本病,应及时投服特效治疗药物和进行全场规模的消毒工作,必要时应封锁场舍,待完全控制疫情后才解封。病死鸽、污染物、排泄物均应小心集中,统一做无害化处理。 治疗:? 有口腔病变的鸽,可除去伪膜,涂紫药水。? 喂制霉菌素,每只每次20 毫克,每天2 次,连用7 天。或用克霉哇片口服,每千克体重30 毫克,每天2 次,连用7 天。? 用1 : 2000的硫酸铜溶液饮用3 天。? 补充维生素A 辅助治疗。 160 (如何防治鸽子蛔虫病, ( 1 )主要症状:患鸽症状和鸽龄大小和寄生虫寄生数量的多少有关。一般情况下,幼鸽的症状重于成年鸽。如寄生的虫体不多,一般无明显症状;寄生的蛔虫较多时,鸽的生长速度、生产性能和食欲等会明显下降,甚至出现麻痹症状;时间较长时,患鸽体重减轻,明显消瘦。 ( 2 )防治措施:? 要避免鸽与粪便接触,每天清除粪便,搞好笼舍内外的清洁卫生,保持饲料、饮水的洁净、无污染。? 要定期驱虫,童鸽每3 个月全群驱虫1 次,成年鸽每年驱虫1 次,信鸽比赛前半个月驱虫1 次。? 对病鸽用盐酸左旋咪唑,每只每天半片(每片25 毫克),晚上喂服。轻者用1 次,重者用2 次。? 可用驱蛔灵每只每天半片,晚上喂服,连用2 天。? 在驱虫后应于次日早上application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 检查驱虫效果,清除粪便,消毒场地。? 在驱虫后增加饲料营养,多喂含维生素A 的多维素或鱼肝油,尽快医治肠道创伤。 161 (如何防治鸽子绦虫病, ( l )主要症状:轻度感染者无明显症状。感染严重的,表现为发育停滞,羽毛粗乱无光泽,常独居一角,体况较差,无力,下痢,拉黏稠带有泡沫的粪便,仔细检查粪便时,可见有极小的方形或长方形白色不透明的离体绦虫体节。患绦虫病后,飞翔能力和生产成绩也受影响,并会继发营养缺乏症引起肠道其他传染病。 ( 2 )防治措施:搞好鸽舍内外卫生,消灭中间宿主― 蚰蜒、蜗牛、蚂蚁、小螺蛳等。每天清扫粪便并堆积发酵,定期消毒鸽舍和笼具。对病鸽治疗,可给服硫双二氯酚,按每干克体重150 ,200 毫克的剂量给药。也可用中药槟榔片,按1 . 5 克,千克体重的剂量,煎汁于早晨空腹时灌服。 154 (如何防治鸽霍乱, ( 1 )流行特点:鸽霍乱的特点是来势急、病情重、死亡快。所有的鸽子都可发生本病,但以童鸽和成年(产)鸽为多见,参赛的信鸽、密度较大的群养鸽以及远途运输的鸽也容易暴发本病。通过病鸽排泄物污染饲料、饮水和笼具以及与病鸽接触,使健康鸽受到感染,带菌的动物和外来人员也可成为本病的传播媒介。 ( 2 )临床症状和病理变化:患病鸽一般呈急性,精神很差,羽毛脏乱,食欲少或无,体温升高达42 ? 以上,口渴,频频饮水,造成嗉囊胀大,口腔黏液增多,或流出黄色黏稠液体,眼结膜炎,鼻瘤灰白,啄、眼、鼻瘤等部位潮湿且污脏,多数鸽伴有下痢,粪便稀烂、呈白色或绿色,病鸽常在1,3 天内死亡。 食道、嗉囊积物酸臭,肿淤血或有出血点。心冠脂肪及心外膜也application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 有出血点,心包积液增多,肝肿大,有针尖大的灰白色坏死点。肠卡他性变化、出血。肾肿胀。 ( 3 )防治措施:发现附近鸽场发生本病时,信鸽不宜放出,肉鸽舍防止外来飞鸟进人,投药物预防;禁止外来人员参观鸽场,场内应做好各种消毒防疫工作;立即隔离治疗病鸽,深埋或烧毁死鸽;彻底消毒鸽舍、笼具;鸽群绝对不能与鸡、鸭等家禽混养,远离其他家禽或鸟类。 治疗用药:? 链霉素每只每次5 万,7 万单位(用生理盐水溶解,每毫升含10 万单位为宜),肌注3 万,4 万单位,连用3 , 4 。本品对鸽有副作用,应慎用。? 磺胺二甲基嘧啶0.3 ,, 0. 6, ,混人饲料中喂5 天。? 长效磺胺,口服,每只每天0 . 25 克,每天1 次,连用3 , 4 天。 155 (如何防治鸽子副伤寒, ( 1 )流行特点:本病多数发生在成熟前的鸽,童鸽发病率高,死亡率也较高。成(产)鸽发病呈慢性经过,病鸽虽经治愈,但会成为永久带菌者,从粪便中持续排出病原菌危害鸽群。本病在鸽子受凉、营养不良和卫生条件比较恶劣的情况下容易诱发。病原主要经消化道侵人鸽体,通过鸽接吻、飞沫、灰尘等从呼吸道也可传鸽受到感染。可以通过卵巢、输卵管把病原传染给蛋,使乳鸽受到感染。 ( 2 )临床症状:鸽子副伤寒的症状和病变有下面四种类型: ? 肠道型:病鸽食欲减退或废绝,排出褐色或绿色有泡沫的恶臭粪便,尾部羽毛污秽。剖检可见肠道卡他性炎,充血及出血。 ? 关节型:关节发炎,关节液增多,肿胀,疼痛。关节炎多发生于肘关节和胫跎关节,且多呈单侧性。病鸽活动时表现单脚站立,独脚跳跃或短步急行,两翅下垂,飞行困难,不愿飞翔。 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check ? 内脏型:病原在体内形成菌血症后常侵人体内各个器官,特别是肝、脾、肾、心和胰脏,全部或部分脏器出现针头至粟粒大、油污状的灰黄色结节,以肝脾的结节较明显,并有肿大。肠道有时也会出现结节状的灰白色坏死灶。雄鸽可能有单侧性睾丸炎,炎症一方肿大一至数倍,或见点状坏死灶。当器官严重受损时,病鸽精神沉郁,呼吸困难,机体衰弱以至死亡。 ? 神经型:此型不多见。当病原侵人脑和骨髓时,会损伤神经中枢,使鸽出现运动障碍,脚趾痉挛,步态螨跚,头颈扭转等神经症状。 ( 3 )防治措施:发现鸽患本病应及时治疗,防止病情进一步发展与传播。用金霉素每只每天15 毫克,分3 次口服,连用4 , 5 天。 149.鸽子的疾病一般分为哪几类, 鸽子的疾病,按其致病病原可以分为传染病、普通病和寄生虫病三大类。 传染病:由特定的致病微生物如细菌、病毒等所引起的疾病,统称为传染病,或称疫病。 寄生虫病:由体内、外寄生虫所引起的疾患,称为寄生虫病。 普通病:系因饲养管理失当,某种营养缺乏引起的疾病,统称为普通病。 150 (鸽病发生的原因和传播方式有哪几种, ( 1 )病、健鸽相互接触:从外引进新鸽时,未经隔离饲养观察,便与本场鸽子合群饲养,常导致全场鸽群疫病的暴发蔓延。尤其是外观健康而实际为带菌、带毒的鸽子,更具有危险性。 ( 2 )通过饲料、饮水以及机械工具传播:被病原污染的饲料、饮水、运输病死鸽的工具、饲养过病鸽的工具等都是传播鸽病的重要application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 途径。 ( 3 )通过昆虫传播:如鸽舍内的蚊、蝇和鸽体外寄生虫,在叮咬病鸽后再去叮咬健康鸽,或将病鸽分泌物、排泄物中的病原体带到饲料、饮水中,而使健康鸽感染发病。 ( 4 )通过空气传染:在鸽舍通风不良、饲养密度过高时,病原体污染了空气,使健康鸽吸人带有病原的尘埃、飞沫而感染发病。 (5)通过人、畜禽、鼠类和其他飞禽传染:外来养鸽者或饲养其他畜禽的人员随意进人饲养区参观,是传染鸽病的主要媒介。鸽场周围的畜禽养殖场发生了共患疾病,经飞禽、猫、鼠、狗等动物在两场之间传播,也可导致鸽传染病的暴发。 ( 6 )生产管理失当:鸽舍建筑失当,防寒保暖或防暑降温性能不良,管理工作粗放,环境卫生条件恶劣,笼内污浊,加上饲粮搭配不够合理,营养不足或失调,饲料霉变等,这些都是诱发各种鸽病的重要因素。 151 (鸽病的临床检查有哪些, 鸽病的临床检查,对诊断疾病有参考价值,主要对天然孔的检查,如眼睛、鼻孔、口腔和肛门。对消化系统、呼吸系统和运动机能应进行重点检查 ( 1 )口腔检查:检查口腔和咽喉黏膜的颜色,有无豁液,有无溃疡和假膜,以及有无异常味道。黏膜型鸽痘、鹅口疮、毛滴虫病、口腔炎和咽喉炎等疾病,口腔和咽喉的黏膜常出现潮红、白色或黄色干酪样病灶、溃疡或白色假膜等。维生素缺乏时,这些部位常有针头大小的白色结节。 ( 2 )眼睛检查:患皮肤型鸽痘时,眼睛周围有痘疹,严重者可导致单侧或双侧眼睛失明。眼线虫、鸟疫和维生素A 缺乏病,可以application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 引起鸽的眼睛发炎红肿和分泌物增加。有机磷农药和阿托品中毒时,分别引起瞳孔缩小和扩大。 ( 3 )鼻瘤和呼吸系统检查:健康鸽的鼻瘤洁净,呈白色。若出现鼻瘤潮湿、白色减退,鼻孔有浆液性分泌物等症状,可能是感冒、鼻炎、副伤寒和鸟疫等疾病所致。鸽子正常的呼吸次数为每分钟30,40次,若患鼻炎、喉气管炎、肺炎、丹毒病、曲霉菌病和鸟疫等疾病时,可能出现咳嗽、打喷嚏、气喘、气瞥啰音和呼吸困难等症状。 ( 4 )嗉囊检查:用手摸鸽子的嗉囊,可以略知其消化功能状况。正常情况下,鸽子进食3,4 小时后,饲料向下移动而使嗉囊缩小;否则就说明鸽子消化不良或者有嗉囊病。嗉囊病有两种,一种是摸着硬,可能是被硬胜食物梗塞所致,或由某些传染病引起的嗉囊积食;另一种是摸着软,倒提鸽子时,口中流出酸臭液体的软嗉病。软嗉病常由长期积食和缺乏运动造成。 ( 5 )肛门和泄殖腔检查:鸽新城疫、溃疡性肠炎、胃肠炎、鸟疫和副伤寒等疾病常引起鸽子拉稀,粪便沾污肛门周围的羽毛。皮肤型鸽痘常引起鸽子肛门周围出现痘疹。患鸽霍乱、胃肠炎等疾病,鸽子的泄殖腔可能充血或有点状出血。 ( 6 )皮肤和体温检查:观察皮肤的颜色是否正常,有无损伤和肿瘤。鸟疫和丹毒病可导致皮肤发绀。鸽子正常体温范围是40 . 5 , 42 . 5 ? ,除追捕和烈日照射可以引起体温升高外,鸽霍乱、肺炎和丹毒等都可以引起鸽子体温升高。 ( 7 )运动机能检查:除骨折、骨骼损伤和关节脱臼直接引起运动障碍外,鸽新城疫、副伤寒、丹毒、关节炎、神经性疾病;有机磷农药、呋喃类药物和食盐等中毒,都可能引起双脚无力,单侧或双侧或翅膀麻痹,共济失调,飞行和行走困难等症状。通过以上各项检查application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 和综合分析后,对疾病可以作出初步诊断。比较复杂而不能确诊的疾病,必须进行实验室检查。 152 (鸽病的预防措施有哪些, ( l )加强管理,搞好环境卫生。? 喂给充足的优质饲料、饮水和保健砂。? 鸽舍要保持适宜的温、湿度,鸽子的饲养密度要适当,不要拥挤受压。? 鸽舍、鸽笼、蛋巢和地面要保持清洁干燥。食槽中不要留有发霉变质的饲料,饮水器要天天洗净。? 鸽舍的墙壁周围及天花板要保持清洁。? 用过的旧巢草应焚烧。? 工作人员进人鸽场、鸽舍,要换衣、帽、鞋和洗手,或者经紫外线消毒。个人工具应分开使用,并保持清洁。? 铲除鸽舍周围附近的垃圾和杂草。? 定期进行灭鼠和杀虫。? 减少鸽场鸽舍的灰尘。方法有:注意通风;用消毒液喷洒使其下沉;及时清除脱换的羽毛和减少惊动。 ( 2 )坚持消毒检疫和接种疫苗。? 鸽场、鸽舍的人口处要设有消毒池,并经常交替更换消毒药物。? 分期轮换消毒鸽笼和用具。? 定期进行细菌和寄生虫检查,定期投药驱虫。? 有鸽痘蔓延地方,对1 月龄以上鸽子接种痘苗。 ( 3 )严格隔离和诊治。? 禁止无关人员进人鸽场、鸽舍;饲养员之间不要互相来往。? 引进的鸽种要隔离观察20,30 天,确实无病后方能混群饲养。? 杜绝飞鸟和野禽进人鸽场、鸽舍,远离和隔绝其他家禽、家畜。? 正在发病的鸽场,要严格进行封锁、隔离和彻底消毒,并尽快查明发病原因,采取控制和扑灭疾病有效措施,严防疫情向外扩散。? 正在发病的鸽场,应立即停止鸽子进人、出售和外调,以避造成不应有的损失和影响。? 对死鸽、病鸽和各种污染物,应进行净化处理。? 疾病诊断应该越快越好。 ( 4 )保护鸽群的健康。? 易感染的动物是发生传染病的一个重application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 要条件。增强鸽子的体质,可从根本上防病灭病,消除疾病隐患。? 饲养人员对鸽群要体贴和爱护,小心细致地搞好饲养管理工作口? 鸽场鸽舍要保持充足、新鲜的空气。? 运输、换羽期间、断乳、接种疫苗和更换棚舍等,都应该把应激因素尽量减少到最低限度。? 根据实际情况,适当用药进行群体预防。 146 (鸽子刚配对后,饲养员应检查哪些情况, ( 1 )有无两鸽全雄、全雌:由于雄雌鉴别较困难,有可能出现两只都是同性鸽。配对的两者经常打架,或两者低头、臌颈,互相追逐,并有“咕咕”的叫声,则可能全为雄鸽;两鸽配对后连续产蛋3 , 4 只的,则可能为全雌,这时应将配错的鸽拆开重配。 ( 2 )有无“同性恋”:配对后两者感情很好,但一个多月仍未产蛋,应仔细观察是否为两只雄鸽“同性恋”,因为两只雄鸽在一起后,即使开始感情不好,但一段时间后,已能相处并产生感情,有时还有交配的动作和爱抚的行为,但不会产蛋,这就是“同性恋”,应即拆离。 ( 3 )有无雌鸽不成熟或一方恋旧:有些鸽,雌雄配对确实无误,但两者感情不和,雄鸽要交配时,雌鸽不肯,雄鸽强行交配失败,就会不断追打雌鸽。这时应检查雌鸽是否成熟,若未成熟,可重换发情的雌鸽。也可能两者之一在配对前已有对象,对眼前的对象没有感情。出现这一情况,可先培养感情,或者调换雌雄鸽,重新配对。 ( 4 )产蛋有无异常:每窝产1 个蛋,或产沙壳蛋,这是营养及保健砂的问题。解决的方法是供给足够营养水平的饲料和成分完全的保健砂。 ( 5 )有无踩破蛋或不孵蛋:初产鸽情绪不稳定,性格较烈,或是由于鸽有恶习常踩破蛋,或弃蛋不孵,或者频频离巢,使孵化失败,application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 导致死精或死胎。这时应调换鸽笼,或改变其生活环境,观察在新的生活环境中有无改变,若无改变,应予淘汰。由于环境不安宁和饲料不足引起的,应采取措施,保持鸽舍环境安静,供应充足的饲料。 ( 6 )雌雄比例适宜与否:在群养鸽中,如果雄多于雌,鸽群会出现争偶打架的现象,导致交配失败或打斗受伤。雄或雌偏多,都会造成无精蛋及破蛋增多。因此,自由交配的群养鸽必须雌雄比例适当。同时,要避免鸽的密度太大,并要在舍内设置足够的产蛋巢,还要将鸽群中没有配对的鸽子捉出来人工配对。 147 (什么叫选配,选配一般从哪几方面进行, 为繁殖所需要的后代,有意识、有计划地选取雌雄种鸽使之配对,就称为选配。选配是选种的继续,选配可从以下几方面进行: ( 1 )品质选配:品质选配是考虑雌雄鸽生产性能特点和其他经济性状等品质而进行的选配,又可分为同质选配和异质选配。? 同质选配:同质选配就是选择在生产性能或其他经济性状方面相同的优良雄、雌鸽交配。同质选配可分为两种:只根据个体表现,具有相似的生产性能和性状,并不了解双方谱系的配种称为表型同质选配;根据谱系、家系等资料,判断具有相同基因型的个体间的交配,称为基因型同质选配。? 异质选配:异质选配就是选择具有不同生产胜能或性状的优良雄、雌鸽交配。异质选配也可分为两种:即表型异质选配和基因型异质选配。 ( 2 )亲缘选配:考虑交配双方亲缘关系的选配,称为亲缘选配。根据双亲亲缘关系的远近程度,又可将亲缘选配分为亲交、非亲交、杂交和远缘杂交等。 ( 3 )年龄选配:考虑雌雄鸽年龄而进行的选配为年龄选配。如使用童雄鸽配成年雌鸽,成年雄鸽配童雌鸽,以期获得受精率较高和application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 遗传性较稳定的后代。选配前要做好种鸽的分群、分组工作。选择出来的种鸽,应根据已记载鉴定资料不同,将种鸽分为初鉴定群和已鉴定群、续鉴定群。分群后,再根据生产性能优良程度、特点和亲缘关系进行细分,以供编制配种时参考。 制订选配方案必须经过周密调查,掌握种鸽的遗传背景、主要经济性状平均值及有关品种或品系的特点,该品系或品种的生物学和经济学适应性、亲缘关系等资料;了解育种工作的具体条件,明确育种目标,确定选择和鉴定步骤,注意选配双方的品质、等级、年龄及其优缺点,慎重考虑、估计和权衡利弊得失,制订选配方案。在选配方案拟好之后,应努力保证其实施,做好有关记录,及时分析选配效果。 148 (鸽蛋自然孵化时应注意什么问题, ( 1 )孵化时,鸽子精神非常集中,此时,由于鸽子对外面的警戒心特别高,一般不要去摸蛋,或偷看鸽子孵蛋,不让外人进鸽舍参观。此外,还要避免汽车喇叭声及机械声等干扰,尽量保持鸽舍环境安静,让鸽子安心孵蛋。 ( 2 )遇有鸽子在孵蛋期间停下来到外面活动的情形时,不用担心,更不必去惊动它。因为鸽子知道如何孵蛋,如何调节温度。 ( 3 )要提高饲料的营养水平,粗蛋白质的含量应为18 , , 20 , ,才能使鸽子获得足够的营养,为乳鸽的出生准备好鸽乳。 ( 4 )孵化后的第4 , 5 天以及第10 天要进行两次照蛋 最佳答案最佳答案 , 這裡有一份常見的信鴿疾病清單,有些疾病需要醫藥然而有些 疾病不用治療就可痊癒。許多疾病可能是潛伏的,當鴿子健康 狀態虛弱時才病發。沒有臨床診查要做正確的診斷可能有困難,application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 因為眾多疾病引發相似的症狀。鴿數愈多,所得到的危險亦愈大,即在它們之中有單羽鴿帶有疾病。有一個乾燥的鴿舍是非常重要的,乾燥的鴿舍可以抑制或減少許多疾病的散播。尤其是當鴿子承受礦物質不足時會吃污染的土壤而變得生病。新鮮的空氣是另一個重要的因子,但是在冬季鴿舍內不能發生有氣流,鴿子坐在氣流處會受寒,鴿子棲息在金屬表面上有受寒的危險。良好的鴿舍衛生是預防疾病的最好方法。 口壞疽 這是非常普遍的疾病,它是有鞭毛的原蟲(Trichomonas gallinae 0.01mm)引起的,主要是幼鴿生病,成鴿通常與鞭毛蟲在體內以平衡的狀態生活,但是卻傳播疾病給它們尚未有足夠時間發展免疫性的幼鴿。鞭毛蟲透過小傷口感染,在喉嚨內或鼻孔或是二個都有及嗉囊內形成黃色似乾乳酪塊。最後這些塊狀變得太大影響呼吸也不能好好地吃食,感染鴿有不好的呼吸味道,發育得不好並且體重減輕。鞭毛蟲亦能夠透過臍部感染散佈至肝臟,一旦爆發這疾病不易治療。假如知道疾病出現在鴿舍,育種期和育種後都應該實行預防治療,通常使用硝咪氨醋處理。假如欲治療已經生病的鴿子也可使用,因為疾病會引發細菌繼發感染。 六鞭毛蟲症或腸的形態口壞疽 這病是鞭毛蟲感染腸道引起的,多半幼鴿是被感染的危險群。症狀是腹瀉和健康不佳的狀況,成鴿是媒介。成鴿的感染症狀不易辨認。假使把此疾病棄之數年不予治療,即使治療之後鴿子可能保持為帶原者,此時便需要定期地處理。疾病藉由飲水和餵食散佈,以硝咪氨醋治療,六鞭毛蟲症的治療療程比口壞 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 疽情況要延長。 球蟲病 單細胞有機體寄宿于腸上皮引起球蟲病,幾乎每一羽鴿子都是帶原者,但是發展不錯的免疫性,另一方面多半是幼鴿發病,一個典型的症狀是綠色近乎黑色的腹瀉。(顏色產生于膽汁,而且不是都是球蟲病的徵兆。例如:鴿子掉失並且數天未食,返回後的糞便可能看來與球蟲病症狀相同。) 球蟲病是鴿舍為何應該要保持乾燥的主要原因,感染鴿的糞便有數百萬個卵,卵母細胞流出。這些卵母細胞尚未能有立即的傳染性,而是需要數天的溫暖、氧氣和潮濕以達到發育至有傳染的階段(裂殖體)。藉保持鴿舍的乾燥可以抑制這成熟,與這疾病之戰每天更換飲水也是重要的。 鴿痘 此疾病是病毒引起的,微黃的鴿痘在無羽毛之處,大多在喙上和眼睛周圍。有時鴿痘出現在黏膜上,這外表可能看來有點像口壞疽感染。其他的像口壞疽的情況鴿痘不能除掉而不流血。黏膜形態比皮膚形態更惡劣如果它們長在喉嚨內,鴿痘將使鴿子窒息,皮膚形態通常10天痊癒。疾病的散佈是透過接觸外來的鴿子,鴿子可以用疫苗接種以防此疾,沒有其他有效的治療。 霉漿菌病 霉漿菌屬可以形容為沒有細胞壁的細菌而且是傷風的原因。霉漿菌屬藉空氣和飛沫傳染散佈,病鴿經常已經是虛弱了,疾病的潛伏時間是1,2週。喙部滴出透明液體,過一段時間變得愈來愈黏,喙部變成灰色,呼吸困難重重而且時常沙沙的聲音。 飼鳥病 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 披衣菌屬細菌(Chlamydia psittaci)是此病的主因,這細菌有幾種型。感染可以從鴿子傳播給人類,但是似乎對人類不會引起任何嚴重的症狀。經常出現在鴿子身上的型和引起鸚鵡病的不是同一型,鸚鵡病偶爾造成人類的嚴重感染。通常飼鳥病的散佈為鴿子接觸感染如飲水感染、飛沫感染、空氣傳染,然而飼鳥病也可以藉昆蟲和人類散佈。這病的典型症狀是眼睛感染和傷風,受感染的眼睛滲出液體眼瞼重大。鴿子不斷地利用翅膀摩擦感染的眼睛。通常眼睛感染在10天內痊癒,但是並不表示疾病根除,于嚴重病情時呼吸困難。鴿子摩擦喙部以求減輕刺激,有時候疾病停留為慢性可以看見多發的眼瞼感染,在鴿舍如果有飼鳥病的帶菌鴿可以期待幼鴿的巨大損失。我們的鴿友對霉漿菌病和飼鳥病的治療方式不甚重視或草率地治療求得自己的安心,卻不知此呼吸的感染對選手鴿的翔賽表現是最大的殺手。 腺病毒感染 這是典型的幼鴿病,感染可以發生于幼鴿與運輸鴿車上的外來鴿之接觸。症狀是腹瀉與嘔吐,通常病並沒有治療而痊癒,然而它與潛伏的腸菌細菌連結,在嚴重的病情時考慮用抗生素治療。對病毒本身沒有醫療或疫苗,腺病毒的近來一型也感染成鴿並且在歐洲散佈。 沙門桿菌屬感染 有許多不同種類的沙門桿菌屬細菌,眾所皆知沙門 桿菌屬引發腹瀉。然而沙門桿菌屬感染不被限制在腸內更是傳佈至血管和內部器官。如此感染的結果可以是感染的雛鴿、關節的感染和塊狀的構成。有些沙門桿菌族攻擊神經系統,這種 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 形態稱作副傷寒,受感染的鴿子承受不同的癱瘓,而且有混亂的平衡。 沙門桿菌族以糞便散佈並且在潮濕的情況停留經常可生活很長的時間。沙門桿菌屬感染不易治療,感染的鴿舍應該隔離以阻止疾病的散佈,疾病的確認可採用糞便細菌培養。許多沙門桿菌族感染鴿子是特別針對鴿子即它們不會傳染給人類。然而提過有沙門桿菌族引發鴿子和人類二者嚴重的感染,縱使沒有感染的徵兆建議每年育種配對前處理。 副黏液疾病 此病是副黏液病毒引致,大範圍的症狀連結到此病例如:癱瘓和喪失平衡,通常是致命的但是有些鴿子可能復元,所有的選手鴿應該作疫苗接種以防此病。 體內寄生蟲 症狀是體重減輕如果嚴重的寄生蟲感染也會腹瀉,感染的幼鴿發育較緩慢而且甚至可以失去太多的體重以致死亡。鴿發展一部分的抵抗力以抗寄生蟲,寄生蟲感染使換羽較緩慢或抑制換羽。 蛔蟲 似橡膠3,6公分。 毛細線蟲 非常細而且小于1公分長度。 節蟲 扁平像絲帶並且分節的。 上述的寄生蟲寄居在腸道,它們藉糞便散佈。這些寄生蟲感染以驅寄生蟲藥品處理可以保持一個容忍程度,卻難以完全根除。 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 鴿舍內全部的鴿子應該都處理,另外為了預防再感染鴿舍要清掃 氣囊 寄居在氣囊內造成似乳酪塊狀的集合,可進入肝臟和腎臟。這是我們鴿友不熟悉甚而未聽過的寄生蟲,可是曾與我連絡過的鴿友應該都知道此梁而且接受處理。 體外寄生蟲 體外寄生蟲主要造成的傷害是刺激狀態,如果有太多的寄生蟲鴿子會有緊迫。沒有體外寄生蟲的鴿子比受感染鴿子較能使它的幼鴿高興,以合適的殺蟲劑處理這些寄生蟲,鴿子與鴿舍應該同時處理。洗浴水加入洗浴鹽只能抑制體外寄生蟲的數量,有天然產品加入洗浴水中可使已在身上的體外寄生蟲逃逸並且不願再接近鴿子,亦有產品只需一小滴可維持4,6週。 鴿蠅 吸血。特別干擾鴿子,在巢裡孵化它們的卵和幼蟲。與鴿蠅之戰,打掃巢碗是重要的。鴿蠅的幼蟲就是在巢料內生長。有意思的一點是成鴿蠅的唾液讓雛鴿腹瀉,但是使蛆更容易存活所以鴿舍的乾也是很重要。 羽蝨 扁平只有幾毫米長。十分普遍,食羽毛與羽粉為生,有些種類也吸血。檢查它們最好的方法即對著光線拉開翅膀,羽蝨的全部生長期以靠鴿子為生。 有5種蜱以食鴿子為生的體外寄生蟲。蜱有8隻腳,通常不容易看到因為小于1毫米的大小。根據經驗非理論的規則:如果蜱能夠被看見,那麼它們的數量是可觀的,就必須要做些工 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 作處理這問題。 紅蛛 白晝藏匿在鴿舍內,夜晚出來吸血,甚致能造成幼鴿致死。 羽 一直停留在鴿子身上,特別是在翅膀和尾羽之下。如果出現大量,羽毛會從胸部和背部掉落。 羽軸 寄居住翅膀和尾羽的羽軸上。 鱗足 見于老鴿的足上有像鱗屑狀的塊。 鳥疥癬 寄居在皮膚之下,引起搔癢和羽毛掉落。 , 回答者:huhoiyhg - 2级 07-02 21:56 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check
/
本文档为【鸽子公母识别方法及常见病防治】,请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑, 图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换,文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改,也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生,若发现您的权利被侵害,请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn,我们尽快处理。 本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用。 网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。

历史搜索

    清空历史搜索