精品doc中考英语复习不定代词和不定副词的用法总结 人教新

精品doc中考英语复习不定代词和不定副词的用法总结 人教新 中考英语复习不定代词和不定副词的用法总结语法 1不定代词和不定副词的用法总 结 A. 不定代词的用法总结 英语中不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做 不定代词。一般有以下几组 1 some any no 2 somebody anybody nobody someone anyone no one 注意不要连写 something anything nothing 3 one none 4 all every each other another either neither both 5 everybody everyone everything 6 many much few little a few a little a lot of lots of 1 some any no的用法 a. some和any通常用于示不定 数或不定量修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。some表示“几个一些部分”多用于肯定 句里表示肯定的意思而any表示“一些什么任何”对用于否定句或疑问句中表示否定 或疑问的意思。如 He asked me some questions. 他问了我几个问。 Some of us don’t like the music in this movie. 我们当中的一些人不喜欢这部电影里的音乐。 Some of the bread has been eaten. 面包已吃了一些。 Are there any stamps in this post office 这个邮局里有邮票吗 I didn’t have any cigarettes so I went out to buy some. 我没有香烟了所以出去买了一些。 b. 刚才我们说some一般用于肯定句而any一般用 于否定句和疑问句。但有时也有例外。这要根据句子意思来看。如 I could not answer some of his questions. 我不能回答他的某些问题。 some用在否定句中表示“一些部 分”。如果说成I could not answer any of his questions.意思就变了它表示“我不能回答 他的任何问题。” Will you get me some apples on your way back 在你回来的路上可 以给我带一些苹果吗 some用在疑问句中大多表示“请求” 或“建议” Let me know if you hear any news. 如果你有任何消息请告诉我。 any用在条件从句中表示“任何” “What would you like to drink” “Any will do.” “你想喝什么”“哪种都行。” any在这里 表示“任何” c. no在句子中作定语表示否定意思是“没有不是”它可以修饰可数名词的 单数和复数形式或不可数名词。如 There are no letters for you today. 今天没有你的 信。 I have no money at the moment. Could you lend me some 我现在没有钱。你能 借我一些吗 2 复合不定代词的用法 a. 不定代词some any no与-one -body -thing可 以组成九个复合代词。它们是 someone anyone no one somebody anybody nobody something anything nothing 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质可以作主语、宾语等。 b. 因为some一般用于肯定句any一般用于否定句或疑问句no表示完全否定因此由 some any no与-one -body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。 Did you meet anyone on your way home 在回家的路上你遇见什么人吗 I am sure someone will come to help us. 我坚信会有人来帮助我们的。 I am a stranger. I know nobody here. 我是一个陌 生人我不认识这里的任何人。 c. 第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只能用于表示 人它们的形式是单数形式但有时可以用they或them指代。如 There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talking 你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗 them 指代someone No one was kinder to me at that time than Rose. 那时没有一个人比 Rose对我更好。 d. 第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如 There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it. Why don’t you say something to me He looked at me and didn’t say anything. Nothing can be done to save her life. e. 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰形容词必须后置。如 Somebody important has arrived I’m sure. important修饰somebody Is there anything interesting on TV tonight interesting修饰anything 3 one和none的用法 none的用法我们已经在前 面几讲中提过这里就不详细说了。 不定代词one指代可数名词的单数即可以指人也 可以指物。它的复数形式是ones。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。如 He is not the one who is easily cheated. one指人 I’ve made some cakes. Would you like one of them one指物 I prefer red roses to white ones. ones指物 Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago ones指人 4 all every each other another either neither both a. every只有形容词的性质在句子中作定语。常用于修饰单数的可数名词。表示“每个 各个”还可以表示“一切”。如 After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone. Every time I ring you up your mother answers it. I shall do my best to help you in every way. 我将尽用一切办法帮助你。 every还可以和-one -thing -body构成复合 不定代词即everyone everything everybody。其中everyone和everybody用于指人意思 一样都是“每人大家”形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。 everything用于指物意思是“每件事一切”形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可 以表示复数。如 One can’t have everything. Everything goes well with me. The town is so small that everybody knows everybody else. 注意在使用everyone时要注意 和every one相区别。everyone是一个不定代词而every one是一个词组前者只能指人而 后者既可以指人也可以指物。请注意下列例句 Everyone will be here except Patrick. everyone 指人 Every one of the children will get a gift. every one也指人 We played several matches against the visitors but unluckily lost every one. every one指物 b. each 的意思是“每个各自的”可以指人也可以指物。如 I leave home at 7 a.m. each day. On each floor there are about twenty classrooms. Each of them has received a letter. 由 于each和every的意思相近都表示“每一个”因此要特别注意它们的区别。each所描述 的对象至少是两个数目中的每一个而every所描述的对象至少是三个数目中的每一 个every着重强调整体的含义而each着重强调个别every只能作形容词放于名词前而 each可以作形容词、代词和副词。如 每一个人都知道应该做什么/他的工作。 在这 两个句子中用every和each都可以 You can see a lot of new shops on each side of the street. 因为街道只有两边因此不能用every Each has too coats. each是代词不能换用 every c. other可以指人也可以指物表示“另外的人或事物”其后可以接单数或复数的 名词此外other也有复数形式是others。如 He has two brothers one is a teacher the other is a doctor. Some children like milk chocolate other children prefer plain chocolate. We should not think only of ourselves we should think of others first. d. another的意思 是“另一个再一个又一个”通常只能修饰单数的名词或代词泛指“不定数目中的另一 个”。如 They went into another room but still didn’t see anyone. Would you like to try another kind of drink I dont like this hat please show me another. 注意other和 another都有“另外的”意思要注意它们的区别。首先一般来说两者中的“另一个”是the other不定数目中的“另一个”是another。如 She has a book in one hand and a pen in the other. 这里表示两只手中的另一个因此用the other This cup is broken. Get me another please. 其次other的后面可以接单数或复数的名词而another的后面只能接单 数名词。如 He has other brothers. Where is the other shoe I am not very well today. Tell them I will go and see them another day. 在操场的每一边都有许多学生。 在这两 个句子中用every和each都可以 第三other有复数形式泛指别人时通常不加冠词而在 表示其他的人时常常要加定冠词而another没有复数形式。如 Some went to the People’s Park others visited the zoo. Could you tell the others that I’ll be late 5 many much few little a few a little a lot of lots of 这些词都可以用来表示数量但它们的用法 也应当注意。 a. many和much 这两个词都表示“许多大量”它们的比较级和最高级是 more和most。它们的不同在于many只能指代或修饰可数名词的复数much一般只能指 代或修饰不可数名词。如 I am not sure whether many people will come to the party. “Do you any books on English grammar” “Yes but not many.” 这里的many指代上文的 books Much time will be saved if you plan your work very well. time是不可数名词因 此用much He didn’t have much for dinner because he felt sick. 所吃的东西是不可数 的因此用much指代 b. a few和 a little a few和a little是一对用作表示数量的不定代词 的固定词组它们具有名词和形容词的性质它们的意思是“少数少量”都表示肯定的意 思。它们的不同点是a few指代或修饰可数名词的复数a little指代或修饰不可数名词。 如 Only a few of the children in this village can read. 因为children是可数名词的复数 因此用a few “How many pieces do you want” “Just a few please.” 这里的a few指代 上文的pieces。 There was a little rain just now and the air is fresh now. rain是不可数 名词因此要用a little I have done only a little for you. 这里的a little指代所做的事情 是不可数名词 few和little表示否定意思是“几乎一点没有”相当于not ?? many或not ?? much。和a few和a little一样few指代或修饰可数名词的复数而little指代或修饰不可数 名词指代或修饰不可数名词。如 Few visitors enjoyed the trip to London. few修饰的 是可数名词visitors A lot of guests were invited but few came. few指代上文的guests He did little homework that afternoon. few修饰不可数名词homework There is little to be done about it. 关于这件事没有什么可做的了。 little指代索要做的事情 few的比较 级和最高级是fewerfewestlittle的比较级和最高级是lessleast。 Thanks a lot. 非常感 谢。 “Do you have any English books” “Sorry I dont but there are a lot in the school library.” “你有什么英语书吗”“对不起我没有。但是学校图书馆里有很多。” Smoking a lot is bad for your health. 抽太多的烟对健康有害。 三、 I. 单项填空 1. --Which would you like to drink tea or coffee --________ thanks. I’m not thirsty. A. Either B. Neither C. Little D. Few 2. The students are doing some cleaning. Some are sweeping the floor ________ are cleaning the desks and chairs. A. other B. the other C. another D. others 3. My parents are ________ doctors. c. a lot of和lots of 这两个词组的 意思都是“大量的许多的”后面既修饰能可数名词复数也能修饰不可数名词可以代替 many和much使用。如 许多人站在那里观看篮球比赛。 a lot可以于动词之后作状语。 如 A. both B. all C. either D. neither 4. There is ________ with my computer. I can’t work on. A. wrong anything B. anything wrong C. wrong something D. something wrong B D A D 5. The wind was blowing strongly. ________ people walked in the street. A. Little B. A little C. Few D. A few 6. Hurry up. There is ________ time left. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few C B.