北京养老院生存现状调查

北京养老院生存现状调查 【北京养老院生存现状调查:住不起的养老院】“一般来说，一个房间里两张床，带卫生间的，床位费加伙食费，至少1500~2000元/月左右。加上护理费一般为2500~3000元/月，这是一个中间水平。”北京市民政局的一名工作人员介绍，同时，“公开的收费标准只是一个参考价。” 我们老了怎么办, 大部分老年人需要的是家庭，6月26日首次提请全国人大常委会审议的《中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法(修订草案)》甚至明确提出“鼓励家庭成员与老年人共同生活或者就近居住”的条款。然而，还有许多的老年人仍要依靠养老机构。 家住北京的童奶奶今年72岁，老伴几年前就去世了。原本跟儿子儿媳妇住一块的她，去年因为体质变差，生活开始不能自理。为了不给上班的孩子添麻烦，童奶奶要求儿子给她找家养老院。 “市中心的养老院，不是要排队，就是收费贵得让人受不了。”说到当初来北京市昌平区养老的原因，童奶奶告诉《中国经济周刊》。 “谁不想住„一福?(北京市第一社会福利院)啊,”童奶奶说，“政府办的，条件好，价钱又便宜，还离家近。”来昌平之前，童奶奶也曾到“一福”排队。7月5日，《中国经济周刊》记者从“一福”获悉，“„一福?一床难求，目前有9000多人在排号等待入住。全部满足预计要等十几年。”“要是再等十年，估计都没气儿了。”童奶奶说。 “而且，像我这样不能自理的老人，很多公办养老院压根就不愿意收。在市区，稍微好点的，一个月也得四五千块钱。我每月退休金也才2000来块，贵的养老院实在住不起。”当记者问起这边的服务时，童奶奶看了看屋外说，“大锅饭能好到哪里去,就像是翻日历，刚吃过一遍，又再吃一遍。” “后天周六，我家人就来看我了。”说着，童奶奶抬起头看着日历。 住不起，等不起 北京有多少家养老院, 《中国经济周刊》记者致电北京民政局社会福利管理处，一位工作人员向记者介绍，截至2011年年底，北京市的养老机构共有401家。这401家养老机构，有的叫养老院，有的叫敬老院、福利院、护养院、老人公寓和老年社区。不过在我们的习惯中，“养老院”常常是养老机构的代名词。 床位缺口大 “当前北京正以跑步的速度进入老龄社会，老龄化程度日趋严峻，养老形势十分急迫。”2010年年底北京市规划委员会、北京市民政局等部门公布的《北京市养老设施专项规划》这样描述。 在该规划中，北京市政府确定了2020年“9064”养老发展目标，即到2020年，90%的老年人在社会化服务协助下通过家庭照顾养老，6%的老年人通过政府购买社区照顾服务养老，4%的老年人入住养老服务机构集中养老。 2000年，北京市60岁以上的老年人口约为117万;到了2011年，这一数字则达到了248万。 上述工作人员同时指出，截至2011年年底，北京市401所养老机构的床位总数仅仅只有6.9万张。这样算来，即便是现有床位全住满，每百名老人拥有的机构养老床位仅为2.8张，即目前，北京市老年人入住养老机构的比例仅为2.8%。 全国老龄工作委员会办公室副主任、中国老龄协会副会长阎青春于2007年发表的一篇名为《试析养老机构发展中的主要矛盾及原则性建议》的论文中提到，目前国际社会机构养老通行的一般规律是养老床位约占老年人口总数的5%左右。按“百名老人5张床位”的标准计算，北京市在2011年年底的床位缺口应该是5.5万张。 就近养老难 在床位不足的同时，床位的地域分布也不均衡。 《中国经济周刊》记者通过一个月的调查走访发现，床位紧张的养老院基本上都集中在北京中心的“城六区”(东城区、西城区、朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区、石景山区)，具有品牌优势的北京市市属的四家养老院(北京市第一社会福利院、北京市第四社会福利院、北京市第五社会福利院、汇晨老年公寓)和“北京市首家四星级敬老院”——海淀区四季青镇敬老院，这五家养老机构床位都十分紧俏，排队现象严重。而在远郊区县，养老院床位却相对比较宽松，甚至床位闲置的情况广泛存在。 《北京养老设施专项规划》指出:“城六区老年人口总量和比例均高于远郊区县。但城六区拥有的养老床位总数和百名老人床位数均低于远郊区县。” 全国老龄工作委员会办公室网站公布的信息显示，北京市政府今年将出台一个新的《北京市养老设施专项规划》，对全市养老机构进行整体规划，在空间布局、床位设置上给予指导，同时还将养老设施建设以指标形式纳入了城市社区和居民区的建设中，以保证市区 老人就近养老。 床位价格都在涨 “一般来说，一个房间里两张床，带卫生间的这种，床位费较多的是1000~1500元/月。加上伙食费，至少得1500~2000元/月左右。根据老人的身体状况，护理费按照等级收费不一样。加上护理费一般为2500~3000元/月，这是一个大概，一个中间水平。”据北京市民政局的一名工作人员介绍，目前在北京市民政局官方网站上的356个养老机构的基本信息，是该局于2011年10月披露的。另有45家养老机构并未按要求上报相关信息。 “公开的收费标准只是一个参考价。” 该工作人员告诉《中国经济周刊》，“当时之所以把这些数据发到网上，目的是为了让老百姓了解更多的信息，住不起的就选择价格便宜的;经济实力强的，就选择价格高一点的。” 《中国经济周刊》对这356家养老院信息统计发现，有148家养老院的收费标准不超过1200元/月，它们主要集中在房山区、通州区、顺义区、平谷区、密云县和延庆县等远郊区县。其中，乡镇办的养老院占了绝大多数。收费在1000元以下的养老院，以收住“五保”老人和“三无”老人为主。而如果收住其他老人，收费标准则会调高至1500元/月以上。 城六区的养老院收费绝大多数在1300~2800元/月。据记者了解，能自理的老人每月收费基本上在2000元以上;不能自理的老人加上护理费，收费基本上还得再上一个“千元台阶”。已公布的356家中，公示收费标准最高的是朝阳区康梦圆国际老年公寓，为4300~10000元/月。 然而，官方披露的收费情况似乎与人们的实际感受不太一致。记者以家属的身份联系了20多家东城区、西城区、朝阳区、海淀区的养老机构，它们向《中国经济周刊》表示，北京市民政局2011年10月公布的收费标准并不是它们现在的收费标准，现在的收费标准已经“涨价”了。 有着200张床位的海淀区上庄镇敬老院，是一家二星级的公办养老院，在北京市民政局官网上，它的收费标准为800~1350元/月。 “那是老早老早以前的了。”提到这个标准，上庄镇敬老院方面表示，单间2400元/月一个床位，中档的两人间是1500元/月一个床位(包括500元/月的伙食费、900元/月的床位费和100元/月的简单护理费)。不能自理的，伙食费和床位费都不变的，护理费会跟着涨，如果完全不能自理的老人是800元/月，不能自理的是600元/月，半自理的是400元/月。冬季供暖费还得一次性单交1000元。 朝阳区东方综合养老院，一家有着3000多张床位的大型民办养老院。其在北京市民政局网站上公布的收费标准是1600~2600元/月。“那只是床位费，还是以前的，今年3月份我们统一调价，物价都在涨。”这里的工作人员介绍说，目前，这里的单人间5000元/月，吃住护理全包括。双人间是3600元/月，三人间和多人间3000~3300元/月。 老人自己付不起 根据全国老龄工作委员会办公室公布的数据，2010年，北京市职工(多为离退休人员)基本养老金2065元，城乡居民(多为农民)养老金每月人均400元。 今年，北京市人社局发布消息称，自1月1日起，全市198万企业退休人员养老金进行调整，调整后的月人均养老金水平提高到2510元。 虽然部分老人的养老金在涨，但养老院的收费也在涨，老人不见得能找到适合的养老院，找到了也不见得付得起。调查采访过程中，很多养老院的工作人员向《中国经济周刊》表示，以前办养老院的困难是老人不愿住养老院;现在的困难是老人想住养老院，但又住不起。 年过八旬的张奶奶是某报社的一位退休老员工，这些日子，她跟老伴儿一连看了几家养老院，都不太满意。最近，她在北京市和平西桥附近找到了一家带套间的养老院，环境挺好，不过收费是“一人5000元/月”。 北京红十字会颐年护老院院长王国臣向《中国经济周刊》指出，加上医疗等常规花费，以目前北京市老人的养老金，用来支付机构养老费用，还是比较难的。 公办养老院两极分化 《中国经济周刊》实习生 赵剑云 白朝阳 | 北京报道 同为公办养老院，一边床位过千，一边却仅有几十张甚至不足十张床位;一边场地开阔、风景优美、服务周到，一边却空间狭小，缺乏基本护理人员;一边排队人数近万，一边却床位闲置鲜有问津……这就是公办养老院的“双重面孔”。 “招牌”养老院:投入大、床位少 北京市第一福利院、北京市第四福利院、北京市第五福利院，这三家市属养老院地理位置优越，共有床位2500张左右，占北京市公办养老院床位数的1/10。有一位老人的家属告诉《中国经济周刊》，这三家养老院是北京市养老院的“招牌”，很难住进去。日前，记者前往北京市第一福利院采访，保安说，采访要有国家民政部和北京民政局的批准才能进去。 北京市民政局民宣教育处的一位工作人员告诉《中国经济周刊》，北京市第一社会福利院的行政级别比较高，里边住着很多领导。北京市第一社会福利院为正处级全额拨款事业单位，由市政府投资兴建，在行政级别上与北京市民政局的处室同级。 7月5日，记者电话询问该院排队情况时，第一社会福利院的工作人员告诉记者，目前有9000多人在排队。 北京市民政局网站信息显示，2005年，由于该院原有设施已无法满足社会养老需求，北京市当年正式启动北京市第一社会福利院扩建工程。该工程总用地面积23500平方米，新增床位500床，总投资1.47亿元。 算起来，这笔资金摊在每张床位上是29.4万元。按这个标准，北京市第一社会福利院想要安置正在排队的9000多名老人，政府至少还需要投入26.46亿元。 朝阳区寸草春晖养老院(民办)院长王小龙告诉《中国经济周刊》，对民办来说，1000万元能建设100张养老床位。也就是说，如果1.47亿元投给民办养老院，民办养老院能够增加1470张床位。 王小龙认为，“过去，政府把很多钱，甚至90%的钱都投到了公办的养老院。但是这些养老院的服务能力毕竟是非常有限的。未来，随着北京老龄化的加剧，我们需要更多的民办养老院来承担这个社会责任。希望政府能把更多的资金和政策倾斜过来，让养老院更加市场化。” 街道养老院:规模小、条件差 跟“招牌”养老院相比，街道办的养老院却是另一番景象。 5月初，记者以家属身份走访了月坛街道办主办的一家养老机构。进入老人的房间，一股淡淡的消毒液气味夹杂着难闻的味道扑面而来，三张床紧紧地放在一起，一位老人躺在床上，脸上扣着氧气罩，边上没有护理人员，也没有家属。另一张床上睡着一位老人，一动不动。工作人员告诉记者，“老人来了就住这儿。”看着记者有些犹豫，该人员补充说，“老人身体好的话，可以跟其他老人换一下，和会说话的住在一起。” 北京市民政局网站公布的资料显示，潘家园街道办主办的一家敬老院拥有100张床位。然而，记者在采访时发现，这家养老院位于该街道的一栋小楼上，顺着窄窄的楼梯上到三楼才是老人住的地方，床位数也仅有70张。 缩水的还不仅仅是床位。记者在这家敬老院发现，这里住的都是七八十岁的高龄老人， 还有一位96岁的老人住在三楼，而在这家敬老院，上下没有电梯，更不用说像北京市第一福利院和四季青敬老院所拥有的宽敞的活动室、绿化场地和医务室了。 床位少、空间小、位置偏、护理缺，几乎成了街道养老院的共性。因为入住老人少，所以收入少，资金不充裕。因为资金不充裕，所以很难改善环境，老人不愿意来。再加上宣传力度不够，街道养老院陷入了恶性循环。 上述北京市民政局社会福利处的工作人员告诉《中国经济周刊》，“这些街道养老院没有能力做宣传，也没有必要做宣传。” 有专家指出，不论是出手大方的“招牌”养老院，还是门可罗雀的街道、乡镇养老院，公办养老院现行的这种模式都不值得推崇。北京市民政局社会福利管理处处长李绍纯、副处长余翰林在2011年发表的《大民政 小政府 大社会——论适度普惠下政府与民办养老机构之间的关系》一文中指出，政府在提供养老福利服务的同时确实存在许多弊端，比如:管理体制僵化、缺乏竞争、高成本低效率、资源浪费严重等。对于这些问题，非常需要社会力量的介入和弥补。“现代养老福利事业供给主体的角色结构应该是„国退民进?、„小政府—大社会?的模式，在养老福利服务的供给中民间力量应占主体地位，政府居于次要和补充的地位。” 民办养老院:求生与乱象 《中国经济周刊》实习生 赵剑云 白朝阳 | 北京报道 和公办养老院不同，打开搜索引擎，民办养老院的广告算得上“铺天盖地”。为什么老人们想方设法、排队也要进公立养老院，也不愿进“笑脸相迎”、有更多空位的民办养老院, 整体而言，收费更贵、监管不力、扶持不够是主要原因。 广告突围 记者实地走访四季青镇敬老院(公办)时，恰好碰上一位114大黄页的工作人员极力劝说该院办公室主任为敬老院登记电话。 “我要你们这个干吗使啊。”该办公室主任拒绝的理由是四季青镇敬老院的床位都住满了，还有几千人在排队，没必要做这样的推广。因此对于公办养老院而言，无所谓宣传推广的问题。 而对于“年轻”、知名度小的民办养老院来说，它们不得不从广告推广上寻求突围。 寸草春晖养老院去年10月18日开始营业，推广广告已经做了半年多。“广告一个月一万 多块钱。”院长王小龙告诉《中国经济周刊》。寸草春晖养老院在谷歌、百度上都做了推广。在谷歌上搜索“养老院”、“敬老院”、“老年公寓”等词，排在搜索结果第一位的就是寸草春晖养老院。 如果在百度上检索“养老院”、“敬老院”这些词，第一页27条链接中就有近20条链接是养老院的推广广告。 记者以养老院管理者的身份致电百度，百度推广咨询顾问王佳介绍说，养老院在百度上做推广需要开通一个百度推广的账户，开通账户要花5600元钱。其中，5000元是预付款，600元为专业服务费。最低预付金用完后，要想继续推广，还得续费，最低续费1000元。 租房费用是主要成本 对民办养老院来说，宣传推广还不是主要成本。在养老院运营过程中，主要成本是租房费和员工成本费。王小龙查阅了电脑上的数据之后告诉《中国经济周刊》，这部分成本大概占总成本的70%~80%。 目前，寸草春晖养老院有100个床位，收费一般在2000~2500元/月。该院每年花在租房方面的钱就有100万。这100万摊在每一张床位上，就是每张床每年1万元的租房成本。按月折算，每张床的成本就达800多元。 在养老院的收费名目里边，几乎都有“床位费”这一项收费，“床位费”往往占据着收费的大头。而对公办养老院来说，“床位费”这一项收费几乎是净赚的。“因为公办养老院拿到了免费的资源。”王小龙认为，这对民办养老院来说，“是个很不公平的事儿”。 “民办的以市场价格拿地，成本过高，跟当下中国老百姓的收入比起来，有一定的收费门槛。所以民办养老院收费要比公办的养老院收费高。”王小龙说。 据王小龙了解，目前北京的民营养老院，大部分都需要租房，这个比例占90%左右。“要是买地建养老院的话，很难挣回成本”。 全国老龄工作委员会办公室副主任、中国老龄协会副会长阎青春今年3月接受媒体采访时曾公开指出，“政府建养老院，又盖房子、又搭屋，又添设备、又雇人，甚至提供运行经费。而民办一切都要靠自己，他怎么能竞争过你呢,你是零成本，挣一分钱都是挣。他挣十块钱都不够补偿的，长此以往民办养老机构必然举步维艰”。 负债经营 在养老院的运营成本高和入住率低的双重压力下，有的民办养老院就有点吃不消了。今 年5月初，孙玉兰苦苦维持了十多年的昊德老年公寓因为长期亏损、经营困难等原因，最后不得不与北京红十字会主办的颐年护老院合并。拥有130张床位的昊德老年公寓，1999年建院。一位颐年护老院的工作人员指出，这次合并其实是一次“接管”。 位于昌平区的十三陵温馨老年公寓是北京市床位数最多的一家民办养老院，在发展的过程中，同样也遇到了经营上的困难。宋玉梅称之为“艰难地活着”。 宋玉梅是十三陵温馨老年公寓的院长，在进入养老行业之前，她经营着自己的歌厅和钢材生意。那时候，她自有资金约为1.4亿元。不过，随着养老院规模的扩大，宋玉梅出现了回本困难、资金短缺的问题。2008—2009年，十三陵温馨老年公寓经历了最艰难的时刻，“差不多就要解散了”。 为了避免养老院资金断裂，她甚至把自己的歌厅、钢材市场生意都撤了。“还贷了9000多万”。因为银行不给她这样的养老院提供贷款，她不得不通过民间借贷，宋玉梅每年就得背负1000多万的利息。 宋玉梅告诉《中国经济周刊》，要是当初银行能够给她这样的养老院提供贷款，她将每年省掉400多万的利息。要是那样的话就不用像现在这样“还旧账，欠新账”了。对此，她希望政府和银行未来能够对民办养老院贷款提供便利。 据宋玉梅介绍，北京目前已经有好几家养老院倒掉了。与十三陵温馨老年公寓同年踏入养老行业的绚丽阳光养老院，开始投资1亿~2亿元，床位规模与十三陵温馨老年公寓相当，不过开业不到一年，就倒闭了。至今，绚丽阳光养老院仍被挂在北京瑞平国际拍卖有限公司的网站上拍卖。 资金扶持政策很难享受 2005年，北京市民政局制定的《北京市民政局资助社会力量兴办社会福利机构实施细则(试行)》明确，凡属资助范围内、符合资助条件的，由法人(非政府机构)、自然人及其他组织举办的，自收自支、自负盈亏经营的养老服务机构，按入住满一个月的托养人员实际占用床位数，每月每张床位补助100元。4年之后，北京市民政局与财政局又联合出台了《关于社会力量兴办社会福利机构运营资助办法》，将原社会办养老机构的运营补贴标准从50~100元提高至100~200元。据上述北京市民政局工作人员介绍，目前，民办养老院收住一个能自理的老人每人每月现在可以得到200元补贴，不能完全自理的老年人每人每月可以得到300元补贴。 2008年，北京市民政局《关于资助街道乡镇养老服务机构建设的通知》明确了对新建、扩建的乡镇(地区办事处)养老服务机构的资助办法。2009年，《北京市给予社会力量兴办养 老服务机构建设资金支持试点单位征集文件》中提到，对符合条件的社会力量兴办的养老机构，按照养老机构类型、建设方式给予不同标准的一次性建设资金支持:新建、扩建护养型养老机构每张床资助16000元，非护养型养老机构每张床资助13000元;利用其他设施改建的护养型养老机构每张床资助10000元，非护养型养老机构每张床资助8000元。去年年底，《北京市给予社会力量兴办养老服务机构建设资金支持试点单位征集公告》(下称“《公告》”)里再次重申了这一政策。 然而，很多民办养老院向《中国经济周刊》反映，它们压根享受不到这一政策的资金支持。 “这个政策出来后，老百姓都以为我们民办养老院从政府那拿了很多钱，实际上我们没有拿到这个钱。”宋玉梅很想跟老人们解释清楚这个事情。 《公告》提到，要享受以上政策，申请人要具备这样一个资格条件:经市或区(县)民政部门批准设置的，由法人(非政府机构)、自然人及其他组织采用自有土地或房屋、土地使用权人和投资人合作建设、租用现有设施等方式新建、改建、扩建或装修改造的非营利性养老服务机构项目。 宋玉梅说，目前北京市压根就没有几个民办养老院能够享受到这个政策，因为有个门槛摆在他们面前:“土地必须自有”。 宋玉梅称这一门槛为“秘密的条件”。事实上，除了几个地产公司办的养老院能够满足“土地自有”的条件之外，其他民办养老院基本上都不满足这一条件，因为它们的土地都是租的。 资金扶持政策的好处多半给了公办养老院和自有土地的地产公司，对此，宋玉梅有些不解。 伤不起的老人，伤不起的养老院 按接收对象划分，养老院可分为护理型养老院、助养型养老院和居养型养老院三种。其中，以接收失能、失智老人为主，提供长期照护的是护理型养老院。北京往往把护理型之外的养老院统称为普通型养老院。 不过，记者在调查时发现，护理型养老院并不多。像文章开头童奶奶那样需要护理的老人，很多养老院确实不愿意收。记者以家属的身份咨询时，甚至有养老院听说老人不能自理后，直接就把电话给挂掉了。 部分养老院也认为，护理型养老院还面临着一个道义上的风险。王小龙说，“比如老人 骨质疏松，他走着走着，他可能就坐到地上，出现骨折之类的问题。这种事情如果去打官司，法官还是以弱势群体为主，不管你有理没理，对还是不对，总而言之都是你来赔钱，这个道理和医院是类似的。你说你有道理，那你也多少得赔点钱。这就是为什么很多人不愿意做养老院的原因，说的人很多，但真正做的人很少，持续做的就更少了。” 十三陵温馨老年公寓院长宋玉梅说:“家属觉得把老人送到养老院就是进了保险箱，不能出任何问题。但老人腿脚不便，要出点问题实在是很难避免。难道老人在家养老就一定不会出问题吗,可是他们在家出了问题可以，在我们养老院出了问题我们就被千夫所指。” 类似的问题，在最近上映的电影《飞越老人院》里边就有反映。 不过，更让宋玉梅心有余悸的还是她所说的“讹人的家属”。她向记者举了个例子:一位完全不能自理的老人的家属，选择的是“一对四”护理服务(即一个护工负责照顾四个不能自理的老人)，护工在照管别人的时候，另一个老人大小便失禁，被其家属拍了视频。最后，期满，家属拿出这段视频，以“弄到网上去”相“要挟”，要老年公寓退还老人的入住费用。 在宋玉梅看来，这种道义上的风险比资金短缺还可怕。 不靠养老赚钱的养老院 “入住养老院，套房需要交120万左右的押金，标准间要交70万~80万的押金，这部分押金，3年之后才能退。”这是北京市昌平区太申祥和山庄(国际敬老院)的规定。 类似的规定，在朝阳区将府庄园敬老院也存在，只不过在这里，押金有着另外一个名称——应急保证金。这样的应急保证金，“单人间20万，夫妻间30万。”这里的工作人员告诉《中国经济周刊》。 押金高的还有此前被评为四星级养老院的太阳城银龄老年公寓。入住该老年公寓，最低需要交10万元的押金。 入住养老院为何要交这么高昂的押金呢, “北京高档敬老院都会有押金的，不住了可以退回，老人急需用钱的话，我们可以从里边垫付。”将府庄园敬老院的工作人员对记者解释说。 而太申祥和山庄(国际敬老院)的工作人员给出的回答却是，“不清楚，这都是领导的事”。 除去押金，这些养老院怎么收费,据太申祥和山庄的工作人员介绍，入住老人交了押金之后，每月除了500块钱左右的餐费和水电费之外，就没有别的费用了，甚至一般养老院都 收的床位费都可以免去。而在将府庄园敬老院，一个能自理的老人，入住每月最低得花费6200元，其中5300元包括房间使用费，还有一些基本的服务费。餐费是额外的，每人每月900元。此外，护理费是单收的，每月在2100~5100元不等。这里还有居家型的三居室，价格在300多万，一签就签50年。不过，该养老院在北京市民政局官网上公布的收费标准却是1100~7500元/人/月。 如此高昂的押金，入住该敬老院的，又都是些什么样的人,“企事业退休老干部比较多。”太申祥和山庄敬老院的工作人员介绍说。 据一位养老院业内人士介绍，收取高额押金的太申祥和山庄这样的运作模式其实叫“金融养老”，即在入住养老院之前，一般都需要交几十万、或者上百万的钱给敬老院做押金。走的时候，再把钱退给养老对象。“这样做是为了„拿钱炒钱?。”该业内人士分析道，“这些钱很可能会拿去做投资，即便把钱存入银行，也有很好的收益。” “它们是这么玩的。”该业内人士总结说。不过这还只是其中的一种“模式”，还有一种“模式”是房地产商做养老院，叫“养老地产”。“太阳城银龄老年公寓、将府庄园敬老院就是如此”。 “国内通过地产做养老院的都是把自己的房子改成养老院，里边有高尔夫球场、桑拿、会所、别墅，一般都在郊区。但它们成功的不多，因为它们做得不合老人的需求。”在该业内人士指出。 公办民营的呼声和质疑 《中国经济周刊》实习生 赵剑云 白朝阳 | 北京报道 民办养老院成本过高，要解决这样一个问题，在王小龙看来，中国的养老院未来应该多发展“公办民营”模式。“比如在小区里多建一些养老院，然后让比较优秀的养老院和管理团队来经营。这样，一方面服从市场原则，同时承担社会义务，拿出一定的床位留给„五保户?、„军烈属?这些需要特殊保障的老人。” 汇晨的探索 “对这样的养老院，政府还有一定的监管责任在里边。经营这一块完全委托给社会力量(专业的组织)去经营。采取委托经营和合同承包的方式。”北京市民政局的一位工作人员介绍说。 “而现在是政府全管，政府等于既做裁判员，又做运动员，又做教练员。这个我觉得是不合适的。政府应该就做一个资源和服务的提供者及市场的监督者，而不是市场的经营者。” 王小龙说。 事实上，“公办民营”养老模式也是国际社会福利服务的主流趋势。为了改变传统养老院由政府包建包管、财政高额补贴的管理模式，北京市在最近几年也在学习国外的管理模式，并对“公办民营”模式做了一些探索。 受北京市民政局委托，中国社会科学院社会政策研究中心组织人员于 2005 年 12 月—2006 年 11 月就“北京市社会福利社会化面临的问题与对策”课题进行了专题研究，研究结果表明:早在2006年，在北京市民政局备案的“公办民营”养老服务机构就已经达到了19家，在数量上占到了全市公办养老服务机构总数的8.3%，涉及房山、通州、丰台、门头沟、昌平、海淀、朝阳等7 个区县，床位总数2416 张。 北京市民政局官网显示，2007年的北京汇晨老年公寓就属于“公办民营”，它与北京市第一社会福利院、第四社会福利院、第五社会福利院一样，都隶属于北京市民政局。 据北京市民政局的一位工作人员透露，“政府投资那么多公办养老院，都是财政全额拨款的编制，编制体制也不好解决。”养老院那么多人，“编办不可能给你那么多编制”。这也是当初建立汇晨老年公寓的原因。 对公办民营养老院的争议，也恰恰因汇晨老年公寓而起。 背道而驰 民办养老院对“公办民营”模式翘首以盼，是希望政府将办养老服务机构的所有权和经营权相分离，采取承包、租赁、股份制等形式，把经营权、管理权、服务权交由企业、社会组织等非政府部门或个人，吸收民间资本，转变经营机制，实现养老服务机构独立法人实体运营，并通过这样的模式，降低社会力量进入养老行业的“门槛”，进而压低养老院的入住价格，吸纳更多老人入住。 然而，入住汇晨老年公寓，费用并不低。记者以家属身份致电汇晨老年公寓，工作人员介绍，目前，能够自理的老人入住该老年公寓，一个人每个月也需要5000~6000元的花费。 对此，王小龙直言，“它的收费一点也不比我们低”，而且“承担的社会义务很少”。 2005年年底，北京市就出台的《关于规范养老服务机构“公办民营”模式加强监督与管理的通知》指出，实行“公办民营”模式的养老服务机构应保持福利服务性质，“三无”、“五保”老人和孤残儿童的供养水平要符合政府有关规定，并逐步有所提高;要预留为本区域其他困难老人提供福利服务的空间。 但实际上，据汇晨老年公寓的工作人员介绍，汇晨老年公寓并没有按照《通知》的要求接收“三无”、“五保”老人或其他困难老人，甚至完全自理的老人也不一定接收。保持福利服务性质的要求，成了一纸空文。 “北京市社会福利社会化面临的问题与对策”课题组在名为《加快实现北京市社会福利社会化的对策研究报告》(下称“《报告》”)里直言:“部分社会经营者追逐经济利益的行为明显。极端的表现是:养老服务机构„既不服务本地的老人，也不服务没钱的老人?。从对象选择看，„公办民营?养老服务机构主要瞄准的是市区老人而不是辖区内的老人，是收入较高且稳定可靠的老人而不是经济拮据的老人。” (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.