男高音歌唱理论

男高音歌唱理论 男高音的训练过程，是一个相当细致而又复杂的过程。在系统的声乐训练中，男高音人们也称“难高音”。常言道:“三年成型，五年成材，十年成器。”这话并非言过其实。发声技巧是艺术表现的手段之一，它在歌唱艺术中，具有独特的重要作用。环顾我们周围，确实不少男高音虽有天赋的嗓音条件和声音素质，但经过几年的训练甭说换声点以上的高音过不了关，有的甚至连中声区也不十分令人满意，尤其表现在喉部问上，花费了不少精力和时间，结果仍是事倍功半。我们应当承认:男高音颈前凸起，医学上称之为“副性征”或“第二性征”，喉头的突出给我们的男高音训练，的确带来了不少麻烦。本文仅拟男高音喉头位置对嗓音的影响，谈谈笔者多年来在学习声乐暨声乐教学过程中的粗浅认识。 有关喉头的解剖与生理，此文就勿赘述，下面先从男高音演唱时究竟需要什么样的喉头位置谈起—— 对于男高音喉头位置的看法，也象其它有关声乐的问题一样，常常存在着极不相同的见解，众说纷纭。国内外大部分声乐工作者这样认为:歌唱时喉头应稳定在张嘴吸气或打哈欠时较低一些的位置;前苏联声乐家、教育家叶甫图申科在一九四零年就曾提出过:“喉头最好的位置应该是让它能自由自在的活动”。据我多年的实践与观察，对这些观点Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 有我不同的看法。由于民族的不同，声部的不同，歌唱者喉头的大小亦不会相同。通过喉镜观察到，他们声带的长度、宽度、颜色亦不相同。再由于剧种的不同，唱法不同，他们的喉头位置亦不尽相同。本文并非专指美声唱法(Bel Canto)。因此，那种笼统的要求男声各声部喉头都稳定在同一个低位置，一成不变，这种看法是不科学的。他们应该各自有着各异的位置。 一般说来男低音的喉头位置都是放得较低的。这与他们拉长管道共鸣腔所追求的胸腔共鸣以及擅长演唱深沉、庄严、宽厚的歌曲分不开。他们在保持音高位置的前提下，则要求喉头下放，以胸腔共鸣为主。男中音大部分也是热衷于喉头低位置的(偏高的抒情中音则介乎于男中音与男高音其间)。他们的特点是刚毅，丰满，结实有力，要求应以口腔共鸣为主。据中央乐团王振亚大夫报道说，国外Sundbeug研究:“唱歌时喉头下降，咽喉并扩大，因为咽腔是最重要的共鸣腔。由于它靠近喉，能有力地影响音质、音量。喉头的下降，咽腔的扩大就可以加强声音的低泛音使之丰满圆润，当歌者想加强胸腔共鸣时，实际上是降低喉结使咽喉变长起的作用。”(《首届全国嗓音言语医学学习班讲义》)这些方法对男中、男低、戏剧性男高音都广为采用。容易获得深厚有力的效果。根据X线照片所见，平时男低音和男中音喉头的位置是在第五和第六颈椎范围内，歌唱时则降至第七颈Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 椎，并很少有明显的位置变化。 反之，对一般抒情男高音来说，他们的喉头位置则另有区别，错综复杂。但也有些共同可循的规律。归纳起来大致分为三类:其一，少数歌者在整个歌唱过程中都能保持吸气时的低位置不变。这类歌者大约占抒情男高音的10,;其二，有些歌者在中、下声区多半还能保持在自然的吸气或打哈欠状态的位置，随着上行音阶的不断拉宽，这部分歌者的喉头位置或多或少会略有上移，这类歌者大约占20,。其三，则是天生的高位置或者唱歌时有意识的，明显地将喉头提到相当与第四至第五颈椎之间的位置。(当然，要以看得见喉头为准。)这类歌者占70,，是男高音声部的大多数。这三种情况应是自然的，正常的现象。这样的调整是为了使其声部具有抒情男高音这一类型的特征——要求声音明朗，脆亮，高位置的抒情柔美性。因为，声音的音质很重要，比“High C(C3)”更有价值。正由于以上特征，他们常用中声区和高声区，故以头腔共鸣为主。 实践证明:喉头位置稍高一些，缩短共鸣管道长度，加之收缩喉头的直径，声音便可以靠前明亮，轻松透丽，这对男高音演唱轻巧、欢快的歌曲很有益处。这在我国戏剧界、曲艺界、通俗歌曲唱法、民族、民间唱法歌手的演唱中是司空见惯的。由于共鸣的泛音决定音色，随着音区音质的变化，喉头内部的调整，喉头位置和形状这些机能状态也将会同时Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 发生变化。从解剖学角度看喉部肌肉便可知道:歌唱时升喉肌为了调整好男高音所需的音质，可使喉头上升得以获之。所以“稳定喉头”的说法亦应是相对的和积极而自然的才行。即使是一点微小的移动，都会立刻在嗓音的音色上反映出来。例如:我们有时竟会被这样的情况所迷惑——喉头的位置改变歌者的音色，有的初学者本来是男中音，他却挺喜欢唱男高音，把喉头位置移得稍高一点就获得了一些高音音色。而自然说话时喉头稍低又恢复到了男中音音色、音高。有的男高音初学者因未掌握“关闭”唱法，换声点以上的高音唱不出，于是乎，就自认为自己是男中音了，在声音观念上一味追求胸腔共鸣，用力把声音压低变暗，变宽，此时他的喉头位置也就降低了许多。而他在说话时喉头回到了原状又恢复了男高音的音色。待他经过一个时期的训练，掌握了气息支托与“关闭”唱法，找到了喉头稍高一点的正确位置，从理性和感性上改变了过去错误的声音观念后，他那“假男中音”的唱法与声音便随之得到了大大改观。 世界著名的意大利歌唱家卡鲁索(Caruso)在他在这方面的教训时说:“当我十五岁的时候，每个听了我唱歌的人，都说我是唱低音的，后来，我到魏尔吉内老师那里用心学了四年的唱歌。前三年大部分的工作是塑造和安排我声音的型态。”由此说明，喉头位置和内部的调整对男高音的嗓音音色能起改良作用。 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 再说，男声各声部歌唱者的声带长度同声道长度(共呜腔)成正比。就拿体形来说亦有一定参考价值，为什么一般唱高音的歌者比较矮胖、颈短,为什么唱低音的歌者多为高瘦、颈长,这除了他们本身的声带长度外，不能不说还与喉头在他们的声道、管道腔体中所处的位置有一定关系。这类似吹奏小号和长号，他们本身管道的长短，粗细不同，发出的音高与音色亦不同一样。小号短声音则高，长号长声音则低。从变声期生理来看就更清楚了:儿童的声音高而尖，此时，他们的喉部位于第五颈椎水平，到了成年声音变化了，喉头的部位通常下降到第六颈椎下缘。 这样，就增长了声带与鼻咽顶后壁的距离，管道腔体拉长了，声音也就变得粗厚低沉起来。假设我们有几位歌者没经过变声期，没受内分泌的干扰，未出现“第二特征”或是“宦官症”的话，他们的喉部将始终位于第五颈椎水平，声带短而薄与咽腔顶后壁的距离又近，他们的声音必定都高吭，明亮的。也就是说，天生的、漂亮的男高音不经过多年复杂的训练过程而成功者是微乎甚微的。以上论述充分说明:稍高一些的喉头位置和有意识的移高一点喉头位置，能帮助男高音歌者找到轻快、漂亮的高音音质从而为解决高音的训练提供一些方便。 前面我强调了喉头稍高对唱高音的有利性，但这并不是喉头位置越高越好，应该与“喉头上跑”要加以区分。所谓喉头上跑就是歌唱时喉结下部出现一道竖槽(凹槽)，见Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 不到喉头。这往往也是歌唱者普遍存在的问题，高音声部更为多见。究其原因是为了追求过份明亮的金属音色或者是唱歌定调过高，老拔高音形成的习惯。这样的声音里常常带有“儿”音，使声音失掉了正常的光彩和穿透力，由于经常用僵硬的喉头来控制气息与声音，从外表可看到每当发音喉头便往上跑，愈往上唱高音，喉头愈向上跑，直至看不见它。声音和气息又浅又吊，下巴脖子明显往前向上伸，这些人歌唱时真可谓:观外形望而生畏，听声音不寒而栗。 那么，如何去觅求和控制男高音正确的喉头位置呢, 一、可以这样说，发声活动也是一项体育运动，歌唱者就是“发声运动员”。既是运动就要讲究姿势。运动员的姿势不对，不但影响成绩，还可能造成运动外伤。人们都说高音“难”，不外乎两点:难得到宽广的音域(尤其是高音a以上的音)，难以得到轻松、漂亮的音质。我认为高音歌唱者除了比其他声部更讲究气息、共呜和“关闭闭”等技术外，其次就是喉头位置问题了，而且这喉头位置问题又须在学习基础声乐过程中和练习“关闭”唱法之前就该得到解决。正如跳高运动员要想跳过一定的高度，不可随便用比较自然的“跨越式”姿势来跳，必须改用不自然但的确能跳得相当高的“背越式”姿式一样，经过糸统地、科学地训练，方能攻克男高音的一道道“难”关。故掌握唱高音的喉头位置，首先必须意识到喉头的降低与升高这些活动，都是由上系喉头Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 于颅骨，下系喉头于胸骨的环状肌以及喉外肌的一系列活动来正确完成的。要找到高音喉头的高音位置(大约第5一6颈椎间)就得注意气息向上与声带向下(挡气)形成相予盾抗衡的支点。初学者往往容易左右摇摆不定:喉头过高声音则扁、前、吊，喉头过低喉器便会产撑、压，发出闷暗和喉音等反常现象。不过，高音的喉头在嗓音充分发挥出来时，位置稍偏高一点不用着急和担心的。首先该控制的是声音的质量，是发声的统一，放松自如。倘若是一个高大、颈长的“大号”(戏剧性)高音，他的可变共呜腔管道天生太长的，喉头位置稍低，声音低沉、厚实，有时又遇到唱一些应该轻快、明朗的作品，那么他在歌唱时就须把喉头位置放得高一点。练习时，多采用闭口音“i”(衣母音练习均用汉语拼音)来进行练习。如: 5 5 | 5 5 | 5 — || yi yi yi— ya yi 还可常用“yo. ei”等练习曲，因为“yi”母音舌面比较高，舌后肌上提而引动着喉头往上移，众所周知:每个人吞食物那一瞬间喉头会上移得相当高，舌面、舌根拱起来亦能使喉头往上移动，我们应体会这种感觉。经过“喉头上移”的有意识练习，便可取得男高音轻快、明朗的声音。假如是一个身材矮胖，颈短的男高音，需要唱出些浑厚、悲壮的歌曲，就必须有意识放下一点喉头。可多练些开口母音或Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 较暗的母音，如: 3 2 1 | 3 2 1 || mo mo mo mo mo mo 常用“mo. mu”等练习喉头位置会较低，喉口放大音色则变暗。 二、若想稳定和控制住男高音的喉头位置，唱歌时下颔腭骨以及下巴都应松驰的自然下垂，稍往里收，尤其唱高音时不能朝前伸，造成下牙床罩住上牙床(地包天)的不良习惯。可以经常让学生对着镜子做些舌头往外、往下伸的练习，注意整个颈项、后脑应尽可能积极挺直，要展胸，松肋，挺腰;稳上腹，收小腹，形成它们之间的对立统一，集中到丹田部位作为呼吸的支点。练习时还可用大拇指触摸一下下巴，检查舌后肌是否有僵硬的现象。平时多采用“o”和“ou”母音进行练习，这样容易使喉头处于较正确的稳定位置，使声音松弛，圆润，柔和，克服那种急于追求音量和过分把明亮的声音往前、往外外推的毛病。在练习“o”和“ou”母音过程中，要求口盖上抬，下巴始终不断下放，不能定住不动，嘴唇保持嘬起成椭圆型，宛如要把整个脸都拉长使口腔内能塞进一个鸡蛋似的。抬起软腭从而获得竖起来的声音，避免出现逼紧、窄亮的声音。但空的、白的声音也是不可取的，不能盲目走极端。 三、另有些歌者，每唱一句喉头位置都大幅度上下任Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 意移动，发出的声音不是抖就是摇，这也不是我们所推崇的，但仔细观察发现，并不是所有发出的音喉头都不稳定的，它们一般在中、下声区练习，我们应以这几个音为基础，在这段声区中培养正确的稳定的喉头状态，进而半音半音的扩展音域。在使用“矫枉过正”的方法期间，声音常常不好听，很粗造。这里有一个从不自然到自然的过程，属正常现象。迨一段耐心细致的科学的训练后，再唱原来的音域时，喉头就不会乱动了，声音也会逐渐锐耳起来。声乐老师最怕学生已达到某种程度的水平，但基本功不扎实，甚至有较大的缺陷，煮成“夹生饭”。在训练中遇到这种情况，宁肯推倒重来，也不应将就对付。应告诉学生“耐心，它是建筑工程中的水泥”。学习声乐不能操之过急，正如古人所说“欲速则不达”。 四、有的男高音歌者变声期由于身体的某些病变或发育不良，使喉头没太降下来仍保持在大约是第五与第六颈椎水平之间。从外部来看，他们的喉头位置是相当高的，如果不影响他们的嗓音发展，就大可不必削足适履强制地将它放到较低的位置。浪费许多精力和时间。有时，往往这样的病态生理畸形却恰恰赋予了他们嗓音的奇迹，这一点无可非议。《大众医学》1981年第九期《幸运的“魔鬼”——帕格里尼～》一文中就有这么一段话:“近年来，有人对帕格里尼(NiccoLoPaganini世界著名小提琴家)的手指进行了生理Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 学考古。1979年M•申弗利特医生撰文确信帕格里尼生前患有马凡氏综合症(肢体细长症)，正由于这种生理上的畸形，才使他的手指具有一种特殊的灵活性和柔韧性”。我们平时说的声乐要有个性特点，从某种意义上说可能正是这位歌手的“缺点”。 所以，男高音的喉头位置究竟是高正确还是低正确,这都是相对的，随着声区的变化和作品对情绪的不同要求，喉头位置有所移动，这应是允许的。“如世界著名的男高音恩瑞柯•卡鲁索、狄特拉齐妮、查贝拉一符鲁贝尔等人都用高的喉头位置唱歌，过去这种现象是作为无法解释的例外看待的。”(见《声乐译丛》1980年第一期)“今日歌唱家的倾向是专用一种特定的音质来唱，而美声唱法学派训练歌唱者运用他的全部嗓音潜力。卡鲁索在演唱《弄臣》中公爵的各种不同的咏叹调时，他能改变他的发声法，即能唱出轻快的，又能唱出较沉重的抒情音质。”卢齐厄•马南:《歌唱艺术手册》P.39)。以我之见,卡鲁索能在一出戏里面改变多种唱法,除了他有天赋的好嗓子和其炉火纯青的发声技术以外,演出时能根据剧情角色,人物感情而随时变换喉头位置,调节共鸣管道的长度和直径,可能亦是其中重要的因素。总之,那种过分地、强制的将喉头固定在一个较低位置上,或者见到初学者喉头上移就不慎思之,感到束手无策便给予淘汰“枪毙”的作法都是不科学的。对于男高音的训练来说,是违反发声Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 器官的自然运动规律的。 歌唱是一个整体活动，是情感的艺术,是发声器官各个机能组织相互配合的活动过程。喉部发出的声音是喉原音(原始音)，它只决定着声音的声调，还得经过各个共鸣器官的共鸣作用，取得丰富的泛音，以及发音器官(唇、舌、齿、软腭、硬腭)的协调一致，加之气息的控制，精神状态，声音走向，文化素养，专业训练等等方面的配合方能形成明亮纯净、珠圆玉润、有表现力的男高音音质和音色。 因资料甚微，笔者才疏学浅，斗胆执笔，试写此篇。若能对我们的男高音训练、教学稍有良益，则幸甚矣 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU.