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大鼠杏仁核的外侧核和基底外侧核神经肽Y免疫阳性纤维的起始_英文_

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大鼠杏仁核的外侧核和基底外侧核神经肽Y免疫阳性纤维的起始_英文_大鼠杏仁核的外侧核和基底外侧核神经肽Y免疫阳性纤维的起始_英文_ ( ) 2000 16 4347, 352 D ec. 神 经解剖学杂志 ()Ch in e se Journa l of Neuroana tom y -O R IG INS O F NEURO PEPT ID E Y L IKE IMM UNO REACT IVE F IBERS IN THE L A TERAL A ND BA SOL A TERAL AM Y GD ALO ID NUCL E I O F THE RA T 3 3 3 , ,...
大鼠杏仁核的外侧核和基底外侧核神经肽Y免疫阳性纤维的起始_英文_
大鼠杏仁核的外侧核和基底外侧核神经肽Y免疫阳性纤维的起始_英文_ ( ) 2000 16 4347, 352 D ec. 神 经解剖学杂志 ()Ch in e se Journa l of Neuroana tom y -O R IG INS O F NEURO PEPT ID E Y L IKE IMM UNO REACT IVE F IBERS IN THE L A TERAL A ND BA SOL A TERAL AM Y GD ALO ID NUCL E I O F THE RA T 3 3 3 , , , S u n G a og eM a rik o Y am a n oM a say a T ohy am a X u Q u ny u a n (, , 100054;B e ijing In st itu te fo r N eu ro sc ience sC ap ita l U n ive r sity o f M ed ica l Sc ienceB e ijing 327230 . , 583;, 3O sak a P refec tu ra l Co llege o f H ea lth Sc ienceH ab ik inoH ab ik ino O sak a 3 3 ), , , , ? D ep a r tm en t o f A na tom y O sak a U n ive r sity M ed ica l Schoo lSu ita C ityO sak aJ ap an () ( ) 2 A bstrac t T h e o r ig in o f neu rop ep t ide Y N P Y lik e imm uno reac t ive IR f ibe r s in th e la te ra l and ba so la te ra l am ygda lo id nuc le i . ,w a s exam ined by u sing ind irec t imm uno f luo re scence and re t ro g rade t rac ing m e tho d in th e ra tIn jec t io n o f a re t ro g rade t race r () , , f luo ro go ld F Gin to th e la te ra l and ba so la te ra l am ygda lo id nuc le ilabe led m any neu ro n s in th e ip sila te ra l an te r io r am ygda lo id , . a reaand sim u ltaneo u s t rea tm en t w ith an t ise rum aga in st N P Y sta ined som e o f th e se neu ro n sD e st ruc t io n o f th e an te r io r am yg2 2. da lo id a rea cau sed an ip sila te ra l dec rea se o f N P Y IR f ibe r s in th e la te ra l and ba so la te ra l am ygda lo id nuc le iT h e se f ind ing s ind i2 2. ca te th a t N P Y IR neu ro n s in th e an te r io r am ygda lo id a rea p ro jec t ip sila te ra lly to th e la te ra l and ba so la te ra l am ygda lo id nuc le iIn , 2add it io n th e p re sen t study a lso show s th a t N P YIR neu ro n s lo ca ted in th e la te ra l and ba so la te ra l am ygda lo id nuc le i a re in t r in sic , , 2to th e am ygda lo id com p lexsince af te r de st ruc t io n o f th e an te r io r am ygda lo id a reasom e o f N P YIR f ibe r s st ill can be fo und in , , la te ra l and ba so la te ra l nuc le iand t ran sec t io n o f th e tw o m a jo r am ygda lo fuga l sy stem st r ia te rm ina lis and ven t ra l am ygda lo fu2 2, .ga l p a thw ayfa iled to cau se th e accum u la t io n o f N P Y lik e imm uno reac t iv ity in th e axo n s p ro x im a l to th e sec t io n Key words N P Y , o r ig in o f f ibe r s, imm uno f luo re scence, re t ro g rade t rac ing m e tho d, am ygda lo id nuc le i, ra t 大鼠杏仁核的外侧核和基底外侧核神经肽 Y 免疫阳性纤维的起始 33 3孙高歌 山野真利子 远山正弥 徐群渊 ( 首都医科大学 北京神经科学研究所, 北京 100054; 3 大阪府立看护大学医疗技术短期大学部 3 3 ) 大阪大学医学部 第二解剖学教室, 日本国大阪 摘 要 用间接免疫荧光技术和逆行示踪法探讨了杏仁核的外侧核和基底外侧核神经肽 Y 免疫阳性纤维的起始。结果证明: 将 逆行示踪物荧光金注射到杏仁核的外侧、基底外侧核之后, 在同侧的杏仁前区出现了许多荧光标记细胞; 免疫荧光的染色显示部 分细胞同时呈神经肽 免疫反应阳性; 损毁杏仁核前区引起同侧杏仁核的外侧核和基底外侧核神经肽 纤维的减少。这些发现 Y Y 提示, 杏仁前区的神经肽 免疫阳性细胞投射到同侧杏仁核的外侧核和基底外侧核。此外, 现在的研究显示, 出现于杏仁核的外 Y 侧核和基底外侧核的神经肽 免疫阳性神经元是内在性的, 因为损毁杏仁前区后在以上的部位仍可观察到相当数量的神经肽 Y Y , 未能引起神经肽 Y 免疫阳性物质在轴突近 终纹和腹侧杏仁核传出通路免疫阳性纤维; 并且横断两条主要的杏仁核传出通路- 侧断端的蓄积。 ( )本文图 1, 4 见版图 58 页 关键词 神经肽 Y 纤维起始 免疫组织化学 逆行追踪 杏仁核 大鼠 1, 2 () r ip h e ra l n e rvo u s sy stem an d now is w e ll ch a rac2 , N eu rop ep t ide Y N P Y a h ex a t r iaco n tap ep t ide , 2 am ideis w ide ly d ist r ib u ted in th e cen t ra l an d p ete r ized a s a n eu rom o du la to r in th e cen t ra l n e rvo u s 3 ( ) ( ) . , sy stem CN S W h en in fu sed in to th e CN S2 ro g rade t race r, F luo ro go ld F G , w ith N P Y im N P Y p ro du ce s bo th o rex igen ic an d an x io ly t ic ef2 () 2. 5% m u no cy to ch em ist ry. F G 0. 3 Λlw a s in jec t2 . fec t sIt s o rex igen ic effec t s a re lo ca lized in d isc re te , ed re sp ec t ive ly in to th e la te ra lb a so la te ra l am yg2 4 , h ypo th a lam ic n u c le iw h e rea s N P Y p ro du ce s , da lo id com p lex th e p ir ifo rm co r tex an d st r itum v ia an x io ly t ic effec t s th ro u gh ac t io n s in th e am yg2 .a th in g la ss p ip e t h e ld b y a ste reo tax ic app a ra tu s 5, 6 . , 248 , da la In th e am ygda lo id com p lex N P Y lik e im 2 A f te r h co lch ic in e w a s in jec ted in to th e th ird ( ) , 24 m u no reac t ive IR n eu ro n s a re d issem in a ted in a ll ven t r ic lean d af te r ano th e r h th e an im a ls w e re . 2 p rep a red fo r imm u no cy to ch em ist ryF G h a s w h ite, , 2 cen t ra lla te ra lb ath e su b n u c le i, su ch a s m ed ia l, go ld f luo re scen ce w h en v iew ed w ith a f luo re scen ce , so la te ra l an d co r t ica l n u c le ian d m o st o f th em m ic ro scop e equ ipp ed w ith a B d ich ro ic m ir ro r f il2 ) ( 2 2 imm u no reaclik eshow ed som a to sta t in SOM 7, 8 2. te rN P Y IR n eu ro n s de tec ted o n th e sam e sec t io n . , 2t iv ity M o reo ve rN P Y IR f ib e r s a s w e ll a s b y in d irec t imm u no f luo re scen ce w e re v isu a lized b y 2N P Y IR ce lls w e re d ist r ib u ted w ide ly in th e am yg2 2sta in in g w ith go a t an t irab b it IgG co n ju ga ted w ith .da lio d com p lex w ith a low to m o de ra te den sity () 1?500, T ex a s red A m e r sh am an d th e u se o f a G, T h u sN P Y seem s to b e re la ted to th e lim b ic fu n c2 9, 10. d ich ro ic m ir ro r f ilte rA le sio n stu dy w a s m ade b y 2 b u t it s ex ac t fu n c, t io n o r m em o ry p ro ce ssin g 6 , . . , u sin g ra t sieth e an te r io r am ygda lo id a rea t io n is st ill to e lu c ida ted. O n e o f th e m a in rea so n s () A A w a s u n ila te ra lly de st ro yed b y a D C cu r ren t fo r th is is th a t n eu ro n a l c ircu it co n ce rn in g th e 1 10 o f mA de live red fo r sec v ia a m o nopo la r e lec2 . am ygda lo id com p lex is no t w e ll e stab lish edFo r . , t ro deSeven day s la te rth e ra t s w e re p ro ce ssed , ex am p lea ltho u gh N P Y n eu ro n s lo ca ted in th e b a2 . 4 , fo r N P Y imm u no cy to ch em ist ryIn ano th e r ra t sso la te ra l n u c leu s h ave b een suppo sed to b e lo ca l th e st r ia te rm in a lis an d ven t ra l am ygda lo fu ga l , . c ircu it o n e sd irec t ev iden ce is st ill lack in gIn ad2 p a thw ay w e re ste reo tax ica lly t ran sec ted in th e , d it io n th e a rea s p ro jec t in g to th e am ygda lo id com 2 p lace m ed ia l to th e am ygda lo id com p lex. A f te r 3, , , p lex su ch a s ce reb ra l co r tex st r ia tum h ypo th a la2 5 , day sth e an im a ls w e re p ro ce ssed fo r imm u no cy2 m u s, an d an te r io r am ygda lo id a rea co n ta in N P Y 2 .to ch em ist ry 2, IR n eu ro n ssu gge st in g th e po ssib ility th a t N P Y 2. Imm un ocy tochem istry IR f ib e r s in th e am ygda lo id com p lex a re p a r t ly sup 2 50A ll th e ra t s w e re p e rfu sed in t raca rd ia lly w ith 2. p lied b y ex t r in sic N P Y IR n eu ro n sT h e p re sen t 2300 m l o f iceco ld sa lin e fo llow ed b y m l o f co ld2stu dy dem o n st ra te s th a t N P Y IR f ib e r s in th e la t2 . Zam bo n i’ s f ix a t iveT h e ir b ra in s w e re rem o ved e ra l an d b a so la te ra l n u c le i h ave m o re th an tw o , 12 ,rap id lyimm e r sed in th e sam e f ix a t ive fo r h .k in d s o f so u rce s 0. 1 ƒm o lL p ho s2 an d th en imm e r sed fo r 24 h in 30% 4?.p h a te b u ffe r co n ta in in g su c ro se a t M a ter ia ls an d M e thod s ( ) F ro zen sec t io n s 20 Λm th ick w e re th en cu t o n a . c ryo sta tT h e sec t io n s w e re imm ed ia te ly p u t in to 1. Exper im en ta l an im a ls ( ) 2() 30 in co ld p ho sp h a teb u ffe red sa lin e PB S fo r 22 , abo u t T o ta lly ra t s W ista r each w e igh in g , m in an d p ro ce ssed fo r in d irec t imm u no f luo 2 100 g w e re u sed in th e p re sen t stu dy. A m o n g th em . 5 re scen eSec t io n s w e re in cu b a ted w ith rab b it N P Y ra t s w e re u sed fo r show in g th e no rm a l d ist r ib u2 () 1?2000 2. 3 an t ise rum d ilu ted A m e r sh am w ith PB St io n o f N P Y IR n eu ro n s an d f ib e r so f th e se ra t s 0. 3% 2100 10 60 co n ta in in g T r ito n X fo r m in an d in w e re g iven in jec t io n o f Λg o f co lch ic in e ste reo 2 30 , 12 tax ica lly in to th e am ygda lo id com p lex an d w e re PB S a lo n e fo r m in fo llow ed b y ho u r s o f in 2 ? 21524, 48 . 17 cu b a t io n a t w ith go a t an t irab b it IgG co n ju2 k illed h la te rA n d ra t s w e re u sed in th e ? 1000 .1 2ga ted w ith T ex a s red d ilu ted w ith PB San a ly sis o f th e o r ig in s o f N P Y IR f ib e r s in th e la t2 , ; N ex tth e sec t io n s w e re r in sed in co ld PB S co n ta in2 e ra l an d b a so la te ra l am ygda lo id n u c le iam o n g , 7 th em ra t s w e re u sed in a stu dy com b in in g a re t2 3% 2100 10 , in g 0. T r ito n X fo r m in r in sed in PB S ( ). 1, 3 . 230 , m u no reac t iv ity F ig sIn o th e r a rea s o f th ea lo n e fo r m in an d m o u n ted in a PB SG lyce r in e 2, . A A n um e ro u s F G lab e led ce lls w e re p re sen tb u t m ix tu reT h e N P Y an t ise rum w a s ch a rac te r ized a s ( .2.p rev io u sly de sc r ib ed m o st o f th en lack ed N P Y imm u no reac t iv ity F ig )2. 3. -Pro jec t ion f ie ld of the AA am ygda lo id NPY sy stem Re sults T h e abo ve f in d in g s su gge sted th a t som e o f th e 1. D istr ibut ion of NPY - IR f iber s an d n euron s in the 2 com p lex m ay N P Y IR f ib e r s in th e am ygda lo id am ygda lo id com p lex 2. com e f rom th e N P Y IR n eu ro n s in th e A AA c2 21 F igu re show s th e no rm a l d ist r ib u t io n o f N P Y , co rd in g lyto c la r ify th e p ro jec t io n f ie ld o f th e se .IR f ib e r s an d n eu ro n s in th e am ygda lo id com p lex in th e am ygda lo id n u c leu s, ch an ge o f n eu ro n s T h e la rge st n um b e r o f imm u no reac t ive f ib e r s w a s 2IR f ib e r d ist r ib u t io n w a s o b se rved af te r de2 N P Y seen in th e la te ra l an d b a so la te ra l am ygda lo id n u 2 st ru c t io n o f th e A A. W h en th e le sio n w a s cen t red , c le iw h ile le ss n um e ro u s imm u no reac t ive f ib e r s in th e A A an d th e ad jacen t st ru c tu re s rem a in ed in 2 w e re a lso seen in th e b a som ed ia l n u c leu s an d th e ) ( 2. 4 , tac t F iga dec rea se o f N P Y IR f ib e r s w a s . 2an te r io r h ippo cam p a l a reaA few N P Y IR f ib e r s fo u n d in th e b a so la te ra l am ygda lo id n u c leu s an d , , w e re seen in th e co r t ica lcen t ra lan d m ed ia l th e la te ra l n u c leu s, b u t no co n sp icuo u s ch an ge s . , am ygda lo id n u c le iIn add it io n a few imm u no reac2 . w e re no t iced in an y o th e r n u c le iT h is show ed th a t , t ive ce lls w e re fo u n d in th e la te ra l n u c leu sb a so 2 N P Y n eu ro n s in th e A A p ro jec ted m a in ly to th e , , la te ra l n u c leu sb a som ed ia l n u c leu san d an te r io r la te ra l an d b a so la te ra l n u c le i o f th e am ygda lo id .h ippo cam p a l a rea com p lex. 2. NPY pro jec t ion f rom the an ter ior am ygda lo id area to 4. - Pro jec t ion of NPY IR n euron s in the am ygda lo id com - the am ygda lo id com p lex p lex 7 , In ra t sth e site o f in jec t io n o f F G w a s cen2 A ltho u gh th e le sio n stu dy o f th e A A de tec ted a te red in th e la te ra l an d b a so la te ra l am ygda lo id n u 2 2 2 f ib e r s in th e la te ra l an d b a so dec rea se o f N P Y IR , c le ib u t d iffu sio n o f th e F G in to ad jacen t am yg2 2, la te ra l n u c le ia sign if ican t n um b e r o f N P Y IR 2. . da lo id a rea s w a s seenN um e ro u s F G lab e led n eu2 f ib e r s st ill rem a in ed in tac t in th e se n u c le iB ecau se 2ro n s w e re no ted o n th e ip sila te ra l an te r io r am yg2 a sm a ll g ro up o f N P Y IR n eu ro n s w e re fo u n d in , () () th e la te ra l an d b a so la te ra l n u c le iw e in ve st iga ted . 1, , da lo id a rea A A F iga su b stan t ia in nom in a ta ., . w h e th e r th e se n eu ro n s w e re in t r in sic to th e n u c le i co r tex an d in su la r co r texL e ss n um e ro u s b u t st ill sign if ican t n um b e r s o f lab e led ce lls w e re fo u n d in T ran sec t io n o f th e tw o m a jo r am ygda lo fu ga l sy s2 , th e c lau st rum ve r t ica l an d ho r izo n ta l lim b s o f th e , tem sth e st r ia te rm in a lis an d th e ven t ra l am yg2 , d iago n a l b an d an d th e cau da l p a r t o f th e ven t ra l , da lo fu ga l p a thw ayw a s do n e ju st m ed ia l to th e . p a llidumT h e re w e re a lso a few lab e led ce lls in T h is p ro cedu re fa iled to am ygda lo id com p lex. , th e ven t ra l p a r t o f th e en dop ir ifo rm co r tex p ir i2 cau se an accum u la t io n o f N P Y 2lik e imm u no reac2 , , fo rm co r tex n u c leu s o f th e la te ra l o lfac to ry t rac tt iv ity in th e axo n s p ro x im a l to th e site o f t ran sec2 () . 2, an te r io r co r t ica l n u c leu s F igb an d h ypo th a la2 , t io n su gge st in g th a t few N P Y n eu ro n s p ro jec ted m ic a rea. . to th e h ypo th a lam u s an d low e r b ra in stemSom e () 2. 1, 3Som e o f F Glab e led ce lls in th e A A F ig sn eu ro n s in th e la te ra l an d b a so la te ra l am ygda lo id 2. an d p ir ifo rm co r tex show ed N P Y lik e imm u no reac2 n u c le i p ro jec ted to th e p ir ifo rm co r texA ltho u gh 2in jec t io n o f F G in to th e p ir ifo rm co r tex p ro du ced a . , 10% t iv ityIn to ta lo f th e F G lab e led ce lls co n2 22(), , 3. n um b e r o f F G lab e led ce lls in th e se n u c le iF G la2 . 1ta in ed N P Y in th e se a rea s F ig sIn th e do r2 2b e led ce lls w h ich a lso show ed N P Y lik e imm u no re2 so la te ra l p a r t o f th e ro st ra l h a lf o f th e A A an d th e , ven t rom ed ia l p a r t o f th e cau da l h a lf o f th e A A a 2. ac t iv ity w e re no t fo u n dD o u b lelab e led ce lls ap 2 22n um b e r o f F G lab e led ce lls show ed N P Y lik e im 2 p ea red in th e ip sila te ra l c lau st rum , en dop ir ifo rm band nuc leu s , ic j, island s o f C a lle ja L ala te ra l o lfac2 co r tex , an d A A ad jacen t to th e en dop ir ifo rm co r2 to ry t rac t nuc leu s M e, m ed ia l am ygda lo id nuc leu s (). 5. tex F igN o lab e led ce lls w e re fo u n d in th e b a2 PC , p ir ifo rm co r tex PM Co , po ste rom ed ia l co r t ica l , am ygda lo id nuc leu s PL Co po ste ro la te ra l co r t ica l am yg2 . so la te ra l an d la te ra l n u c le iT h e se f in d in g s su g2 p r im a ry o lfac to ry co r tex da lo id nuc leu s PO , S I, ge sted th a t N P Y n eu ro n s in th e la te ra l an d b a so la t2 , sub stan t ia innom ina ta st, st r ia te rm ina lis V E n ven2 t ra l endop ir ifo rm nuc leu s V P , ven t ra l p a llidum com 2 e ra l n u c le i w e re in t r in sic to th e am ygda lo id .p lex D iscuss ion T h e p re sen t stu dy revea led th a t th e A A w a s o n e 2o f th e so u rce s o f N P Y IR f ib e r s in th e la te ra l an d , b a so la te ra l n u c le ib ecau se it s de st ru c t io n cau sed 2an ip sila te ra l dec rea se o f N P Y IR f ib e r s in th e se n u c le i an d th e in jec t io n o f a T G in to th e am yg2 2da lo id com p lex p ro du ced th e N P Y IR n eu ro n s la2 . , b e led b y T GIn add it io n th is stu dy su gge sted 2 2 n eu ro n s in th e am ygth a t m an y o f th e N P Y IR , c ircu it n eu ro n ssin ce da lo id com p lex w e re lo ca l ( t ran sec t io n o f th e tw o m a jo r p a thw ay s th e st r ia ) te rm in a lis an d th e ven t ra l am ygda lo fu ga l p a thw ayfa iled to cau se th e accum u la t io n o f N P Y in axo n s . , p ro x im a l to th e site o f t ran sec t io nA lso in jec t io n o f re t ro g rade t race r in to th e p ir ifo rm co r tex o r , st r ia tum fa iled to p ro du ce an y n eu ro n s lab e led b y . , bo th N P Y an d T GT h u sa ltho u gh th e so u rce o f 2th e N P Y IR f ib e r s w h ich rem a in ed in tac t in th e se n u c le i af te r de st ru c t io n o f th e A A w a s no t c lea r ly , de te rm in ed in th is stu dyit seem s lik e ly th a t lo ca l 2cu rcu it N P Y IR n eu ro n s in p a r t s o f th e am ygda lo id ( )com p lex su ch a s th e la te ra l an d b a so la te ra l n u c le i .a re th e so u rce o f th e se f ib e r s 7 M cD o n a ld repo r ted th e f requ en t exp re ssio n o f bo th SOM an d N P Y b y sin g le n eu ro n s in th e m ed i2 , , .a lla te ra lan d b a so la te ra l am ygda lo id n u c le i 11 A llen , e t a l. p ro v ided ev iden ce fo r an N P Y p ro 2 22D iag ram o f F Glabe led and N P Y IR neu ro n s in th e A A and F ig. 5 ad jacen t st ruc tu re s af te r in jec t io n o f F G in to th e ip sila te ra l jec t io n f rom th e am ygda la to th e h ypo th a lam u s an d ( ). 2PC p ir ifo rm co r tex F G labe led ce lls lack ing N P Y and . , b ed n u c leu s o f th e st r ia te rm in a lisH ow eve ro u r N P Y ce lls lack ing F G a re show n by op en t r iang le s and , . 2c lo sed c irc le sre sp ec t ive lyD o ub lelabe led ce lls a re fo und in stu dy su gge st s th a t th e N P Y n eu ro n s in th e am yg2 . , th e endop ir ifo rm co r tex ad jacen t to th e A AH ow eve rno . , da lo id com p lex a re m o st ly in t r in sicIn add it io n ( such neu ro n s a re fo und in th e BL ba so la te ra l am ygda lo id ) . nuc leu sand la te ra l am ygda lo id nuc leu sF ro n ta l p lane s a r2 25% 2abo u t o f th e SOM IR n eu ro n s in th e m ed ia l .ranged f rom ro st ra l to cauda l 7 . am ygda lo id n u c leu s lack N P Y T h e se f in d in g sA A , an te r io r am ygda lo id a rea A co , an te r io r co r t ica l am ygda lo id nuc leu s A h i, am ygda lo id h ippo cam p a l a rea in d ica te th a t th e re m ay b e a t lea st tw o k in d s o f , A c, an te r io r comm issu re BL ba so la te ra l am yg2 2, . . , SOM IR n eu ro n sieo n e co n ta in in g N P Y an d da lo id nuc leu s BM , ba som ed ia l am ygd slo id nuc leu s C e, cen t ra l am ygda lo id nuc leu s C l, c lau st rum C P , .th e o th e r lack in g N P Y T h e fo rm e r typ e w o u ld D E n, do r sa l endop ir ifo rm nuc leu s cauda te p u tam en , , GP g lo bu s p a llidu s HDB ho r izo n ta l lim b o f d iago na l seem to b e lo ca l c ircu it n eu ro n s, w h ile th e la t te r a re p ro jec t in g n eu ro n s. Co n ce rn in g th e SOM n eu2 Ref eren ce s ro n s in th e cen t ra l am ygda lo id n u c leu s an d it s ad ja2 , cen t st ru c tu re sit h a s b een e stab lish ed th a t th ey 1 , , , . A llen YSA d r ian T E A llen JM et a lN eu rop ep t ide Y d ist r i2 te rm in a lis to th e h ypo th a la2 p ro jec t v ia th e st r ia , 879, , 1983, 221: 877bu t io n in th e ra t b ra in Sc iencelow e r b ra in an d upp e r ce rv ica l m u s, stem , 2 , . 2D e Q u id t M E Em so n PCD ist r ibu t io n o f neu rop ep t ide Ylik e 12 214 co rd .. , 1986, 18: 545,imm uno h isto ch em ica l ana ly sisN eu ro sc ience 618 N P Y n eu ro n s w h ich T h is stu dy show ed th a t 3 , , , . T h ie le T E M a r sh D J S te M a r ie L et a lE th ano l co n sum p 2 p ro jec ted to th e la te ra l an d b a so la te ra l n u c le i w e re t io n and re sistance a re inve r se ly re la ted to neu rop ep t ide Y lev2 . lo ca ted in th e A AT h e la te ra l p a r t o f th e su b stan2 ( ) , 369. , 1998, 396 6709: 366e lsN a tu re t ia in nom in a ta ad jacen t to th is a rea co n ta in s cho lin2 4 , , , . D ryden SF rank ish H W ang Q et a lN eu rop ep t ide Y and e rg ic n eu ro n s w h ich p ro jec t to th e b a so la te ra l : ? ene rgy ba lanceO ne w ay ah ead fo r th e t rea tm en t o f o be sity15 218 am ygda lo id n u c leu san d th is cho lin e rg ic sy s2 , 1994, 24: 293, 308E u r J C lin Inve st 5 , , , . T ho r se ll A Sven sso n P W ik lund L et a lSupp re ssed neu2 tem is tho u gh t to b e re la ted to m em o ry p ro ce ss2 19, 20 () rop ep t ide Y N P Y m RN A in ra t am ygda la fo llow ing re st ra in t .in g In jec t io n o f N P Y in to th e th ird ven t r ic le st re ss. R egu l P ep t, 1998: 75, 76: 247, 254 22 en h an ced m em o ry re ten t io n fo r T m aze foo tsho ckH e ilig M , M cL eo d S, B ro t M , et a l. A nx io ly t ic2lik e ac t io n o f 6 2avo idan ce an d step dow n p a ssive avo idan ce t ra in in g : 1 , neu rop ep t ide Ym ed ia t io n by Yrecep to r s in am ygda laand 21. 2d isso c ia t io n f rom foo d in tak e effec t sN eu rop sychop h a rm aco l2 , an d th e am ygda lo id com p lex is k now n in m ice 22 224 o gy, 1993, 8: 357, 363 . to b e re la ted to m em o ry p ro ce ssin g In add i2 . M cD o na ld A JCo ex istence o f som a to sta t in w ith neu rop ep t ide 7 , t io n som e n eu ro n s in th e A A w h ich p ro jec t to th e , Ybu t no t w ith cho lecy sto k in in o r va so ac t ive in te st ina l p ep 2 b a so la te ra l an d la te ra l am ygda lo id n u c le i do no t , . , 1989, 500: 37t idein neu ro n s o f th e ra t am ygda laB ra in R e s , 2co n ta in N P Y b ecau se a n um b e r o f F Glab e led , 45 , , , n eu ro n s lack in g N P Y w e re fo u n d af te r th e in jec t io n M cD o na ld A J M a scagn i F A ugu st ine JR N eu rop ep t ide Y 8 2and som a to sta t in lik e imm uno reac t iv ity in neu ro n s o f th e m o n2 o f F G in to th e b a so la te ra l an d la te ra l am ygda lo id , 982. , 1995, 66: 959k ey am ygda laN eu ro sc ience n u c le i. T h e refo re, it is lik e ly th a t th ree n eu ro n a l , , , . Schw a rze r C W illiam so n JM L o thm an EW et a lSom a to 2 9 ( 2ƒ,N P Y an d no n cho lin e rg ic sy stem s cho lin e rg ic , , sta t inN eu rop ep t ide YN eu ro k in in B and cho lecy sto k in in im 2 ) 2 no n N P Y e rg icfo rm a sin g le fu n c t io n a l u n it in th ism uno reac t iv ity in tw o ch ro n ic m o de ls o f tem po ra l lo be ep ilep 2 , 45. , 1995, 69: 831. syN eu ro sc ience reg io n th a t is re la ted to m em o ry p ro ce ssin gT h e , , , . ƒT su t sum i SA k a ik e M O h no H et a lL ea rn ingm em o ry im 2 10 sign if ican ce o f th e lo ca l c ircu it N P Y n eu ro n s in th e . p a irm en t s in ra t o ff sp r ing p rena ta lly expo sed to p h eny to in, am ygda lo id com p lex is st ill u n kow n an d to in ve s2 , 1998, 20: 123, 132N eu ro to x ico l T e ra to l ƒ, t iga te th is p ro b lem th e inp u t an do r ta rge t n eu2 , , , . A llen YSRo be r t s GW B loom SR et a lN eu rop ep t ide Y in 11 ro n s to ge th e r w ith th e ir n eu rom o du la to r s sho u ld : .th e st r ia te rm ina lisE v idence fo r an am ygda lo fuga l p ro jec t io n .b e exp lo red B ra in R e s, 1984, 321: 357, 362 , , , . Inagak i SKaw a i YM a t suzak i T et a lP rec ise te rm ina l A ckn owledgem en t 12 f ie ld s o f th e de scend ing som a to sta t ine rg ic neu ro n sy stem f rom 22T h is w o rk w a s suppo r ted by th e G ran tin A id fo r Sc ien2 . , 1983, 24:th e am ygda lo id com p lex o f th e ra tJ H irnfo r sch . 02240106 t if ic R e sea rch o n P r io r ity A rea s N of rom th e M in2 345, 356 , , .ist ry o f E duca t io nSc ience and C u ltu reJ ap an , , , . . Kaw a i YInagak i SSh io sak a Set a lL o ng de scend ing p ro 2 ()13 R ece ived by N o v. 11, 1999 2jec t io n s f rom am ygda lo id som a to sta t inco n ta in ing ce lls to th e 1, 4 58F igu re s o n p la te . , 1982, 239: 603, 607low e r b ra in stemB ra in R e s , , , . Sak anak a M Sh io sak a ST ak a t suk i K et a lE xp e r im en ta l 14 imm uno h isto ch em ica l stud ie s o n th e am ygda lo fuga l p ep t ide rg ic ( ) sub stance P and som a to sta t inf ibe r s in th e st r ia te rm ina lis o f . , 1981, 221: 231, 242th e ra tB ra in R e s , , . C a r lsen J Zabo r szk y L H e im e r IC ho line rg ic p ro jec t io n s 15 f rom th e ba sa l fo reb ra in to th e ba so la te ra l am ygda lo id com 2 : p lexa com b ined re t ro g rade f luo re scen t and imm uno h is2 to ch em ica l study. J Com p N eu ro l, 1985, 234: 155, 167 ingep iso d ic m em o ry. B ra in R e s, 1998, 810: 59, 71 ƒ , . , , , . 16 20 C a r lsen J H e im e r LA co r re la ted ligh t and e lec t ro n m ic ro 2 F isah n A P ik e F GB uh l EH et a lC ho line rg ic induc t io n o f ne tw o rk o sc illa t io n s a t 40 H z in th e h ippo cam p u s in v itro. N a2 scop ic imm uno cy to ch em ica l study o f cho line rg ic te rm ina ls and ( ) neu ro n s in th e ra t am ygda lo id bo dy w ith sp ec ia l em p h a sis o n , 189, 1998, 394 6689: 186tu re . , 1986,, , , th e ba so la te ra l am ygda lo id nuc leu sJ Com p N eu ro l F loo d J F H e rnande s EN M o r ley J E M o du la t io n o f m em o ry 21 244; 121, 136. , 1987, 421: 280, 290 p ro ce ssing by neu rop ep t ide YB ra in R e s , , . , , . 12 R ao ZR Sh io sak a ST o h yam a M O r ig in o f cho line rg ic f ibe r s F e r ry B Roo zendaa l B M cGaugh JLInvo lvem en t o f a lp h a17 22 in th e ba so la te ra l nuc leu s o f th e am ygda lo id com p lex by u sing ad reno cep to r s in th e ba so la te ra l am ygda la in m o du la t io n o f 2sen sit ive do ub lelabe ling tech n ique o f re t ro g rade b io t in ized . , 1999, 372: 9, 16m em o ry sto rageE u r J P h a rm aco l . , 1987, 28: 553t race r and imm uno cy to ch em ist ryJ H irnfo r sch , , , . D a C unh a C Roo zendaa l B V azda r jano va A et a lM ic ro infu2 23 , 560 sio n s o f f lum azen il in to th e ba so la te ra l bu t no t th e cen t ra l nu2 , , , . T om im o to H Kam o H Kam eyam a M et a lD e scend ing p ro 2 .c leu s o f th e am ygda la enh ance m em o ry co n so lida t io n in ra t s 18 jec t io n o f th e ba sa l fo reb ra in in th e ra t dem o n st ra ted by th e an2 , 1999, 72: 1, 7 N eu ro b io l L ea rn M em te ro g rade neu ra l t race r P h a so lu s vu lga r is leuco agg lu t in in , , , . Ro u lle t P Bo u rne R M o r ica rd Yet a lL ea rn ing induced 24 ()2, 255. , 1987, 425: 248PHA L B ra in R e s 222p la st ic ity o f N m e th y lD a sp a r ta te recep to r s is ta sk and reg io n , , . D o ugh e r ty KD T u rch in P IW a lsh T JSep to c ingu la te and . , 1999, 89: 1145, 115019 sp ec if icN eu ro sc ience : sep to h ippo cam p a l cho line rg ic p a thw ay sinvo lvem en t in w o rk2 Exp lana t ion of F igure s () 2labe led N P Y 2IR neu ro n s in th e ip sila te ra l A A an te r io r am ygda lo id a reaaf2 F luo re scen t p ho tom ic ro g rap h s o f do ub leF ig s. 1, 3 2() , labe led . aF Gte r th e in jec t io n o f F G in to th e BL ba so la te ra l am ygda lo id nuc le iand la te ra l am ygda lo id nuc le i , 22. . .b N P Y IR ce lls fo und in th e sam e f ie ld a s aA r row s ind ica te do ub lelabe led ce llsF ro n ta l sec t io n ce ll ×400 F ig. 1 Ro st ra l p a r t o f th e A A. . 22. 2D o r so la te ra l p a r t o f th e cauda l h a lf o f th e A AN o te th e p re sence o f a num be r o f F Glabe led ce lls lack ing N P Y lik e F ig imm uno reac t iv ity. ×400 F ig. 3 V en r to la te ra l h a lf o f th e cauda l p a r t o f th e A A. F ro n ta l sec t io n s. ×400 . 4 2.= 1 F igB r igh tf ie ld p ho tom ic ro g rap h show ing a le sio n o f th e an f ro n ta l sec t io n B a rmm
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