植物的根茎叶花种子

植物的根茎叶花种子 植物的根莖葉花種子 植物的莖 莖為植物的營養器官之一,主要有支持及運輸的功能。一般植物的莖大多呈直立狀態,但也有許多植物的莖已演變成其它的形狀,而具有特殊功能,則可稱為變態莖,如匍匐莖、攀緣莖等。不論莖的外形變化成任何的形狀,都具有莖的基本特徵,莖上固定的地方會長出葉、葉腋處可長出芽、葉與芽出生的地方叫做節、兩節之間的莖叫做節間。 ? 節,枝條或葉於莖上著生的位置 ? 節間,兩節間的部分 ? 枝條,自主幹分叉出較小的枝幹 ? 小枝,自枝條再分枝而生的較細枝條 ? 草質,無明顯木質化的莖,富含纖維且質地柔軟 ? 漿質,多肉且含大量水分的莖 ? 木質,具大量的次生木質部,質地堅硬 ? 幹,樹木莖的木質化主軸 ? 稈,莖中空而節明顯者 植物分為,◎有莖植物,具有明顯莖的植物 ◎無莖物植,不具莖或地上莖不明顯的植物。 莖依生長型態可分為, ? 直立莖,直立向上生長的莖 along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy ? 平行莖,莖平行地面生長,但枝條末端向上直立 ? 平臥莖,平鋪於地面生長的莖,但莖上不產生不定根,西瓜, ? 纏繞莖,藉螺旋狀纏繞他物而攀附生長的莖,如牽牛花。, ? 匍匐莖,橫走在地上的莖,也可稱為蔓莖或是匐枝,能在每一個節上生根。如甘藷。 ? 攀緣莖,攀緣莖多為藤本植物所有,多半不能在地上匍匐而行,必須纏繞或藉捲鬚等構造攀附在其它物體之上。, 如葡萄, 莖的特化形態, ? 球莖,如芋頭、荸薺。 ? 塊莖,如馬鈴薯。 ? 鱗莖,如大蒜、洋蔥。 ? 葉狀莖,如瓊花,曇花,。 ? 根莖,如薑、蓮藕等。 along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy 植物的葉 along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy 為植物主要的營養器官之一,葉肉內的葉綠體中含有葉綠素,可行光合作用,提供植物所需的養份。 一般可分為三個部份 葉序,葉於莖上或枝上之排列方式 葉的構造, ? 完全葉,具有葉身,葉柄,托葉的稱為完全葉。 ? 不完全葉,缺乏葉身,葉柄或托葉者任一,即稱不完全葉。 ? 葉身,葉片平展延伸的部分,為行光合作用的主要部位 ? 葉柄,連接葉身與枝條間的支持構造 ? 托葉,為保護新生嫩葉的構造,生長在葉柄的基部,有時全缺或早落。 ? 葉鞘,葉柄與葉片基部擴展成鞘狀包覆莖外。 ? 葉舌,葉鞘與葉片相連接處有向上的突起的膜狀物 ? 葉耳 ,葉鞘與葉片相連接處的外緣延伸為兩片突起物 ? 葉枕,葉柄基部的膨大構造 葉的形狀 ? 針形,葉細長呈細針狀 ? 心形,葉基凹陷,葉片呈心形。如酢醬草。 ? 楔形,葉端較寬,寬度往葉基漸呈尖細 ? 三角形,葉片呈三角形 ? 橢圓形,葉片呈扁圓形,通常寬度的兩倍大於長度。如地錦。 ? 戟形,葉片呈箭戟狀 along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy ? 披針形,葉長為葉寬的數倍,寬度自葉基往葉端漸呈尖細。如白花蛇舌草。 ? 線形,葉形細長,兩側葉緣幾近平行。如水蜈蚣。 ? 倒披針形,葉長為葉寬的數倍,寬度自葉端往葉基漸呈尖細而呈倒披針狀 ? 卵形,葉片的基部較寬圓而呈蛋形。如蠅翅草。 ? 倒卵形,葉片呈蛋形,但葉尖部位較寬圓。如 紫花藿香薊。 ? 盾形,葉柄直接連接於葉身而非與葉緣相連,呈盾牌狀。如扛板歸。 ? 腎形,葉端寬圓而葉基微微內凹,呈腎臟形。如雷公根。 ? 鑿形,葉片的寬度往葉端尖銳而呈鑿刀狀 葉基 ? 耳形,葉片基部兩側下垂呈耳朵狀 ? 銳尖形,葉片基部呈一銳角 ? 心形,葉片基部凹陷,葉片呈心形 ? 楔形,葉基上方較寬闊,往基部漸呈尖細 ? 漸尖形,葉片基部緩慢地窄縮 ? 鈍形,葉片基部圓滑 ? 偏斜形,葉片基部兩側不對稱 ? 箭形,葉片基部如箭頭狀 ? 戟形,葉片基部呈箭戟狀 ? 截狀,葉片基部平整 along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy 葉端 ? 漸尖形,葉片先端緩慢地窄縮 ? 銳尖形,葉片先端呈一銳角 ? 芒狀,葉片先端有一延伸的剌狀尾芒 ? 尾狀,葉片先端延伸形成長尾狀 ? 針鋒形,葉片先端圓滑,但末稍突然驟縮成尖鋒狀 ? 微凹狀,葉片先端凹陷 ? 突尖狀,葉片的中肋微突出於葉端外 ? 鈍狀,葉片先端圓滑 ? 截狀,葉片先端平整 葉脈形狀 葉緣的形狀 植物的花 along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy ? 花萼,Calyx,,為萼片(Sepals)之合稱,可保護花芽通常為綠色,形狀像花瓣或葉片。 ? 花冠,Corolla, ,為花瓣之合稱。 ? 花被,Perianth,,花萼(Calyx)與花冠(Corolla)合稱花被,有吸引傳粉者的作用。 ? 雄蕊,Stamens, ,為植物之雄性生殖器官,包括花絲,Filaments,及花藥(anther)兩部份,花粉 along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy ,Pollen,則存在花藥中。 ? 雌蕊,Pistil, ,被子植物的雌性生殖器官,稱為雌蕊,通常長在花的中央部份。 ? 其構造基本上可分為三個部份,膨大的基部為子房(Ovary)、長在子房上細長的花柱(Style)、花柱頂端的柱頭(Stigma)。 花的形狀 花序 植物的種子果實 植物的果實與種子 along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy 一、定義, 雌蕊授粉受精之後,花瓣和雄蕊便功成身退而枯委脫落,只留下子房。子房會變大而成為 果實,而種子就是由子房中的胚株發育而成的。 二、分為, 1、乾果,成熟後開裂, (1)、莢果,豆類的果實,由單一心皮形成,成熟後沿背縫線及腹縫線裂開。如鳳凰木的豆夾。〈見附圖d〉 (2)、節莢果,外形像聯果,但成熟後一節節橫裂成數段。如含羞草山蝗螞之類的。 (3)、角果,開裂時分成兩半,中間有一橫隔。分為圓柱形的長角果(如山芥菜)和扁形的短角果(如薺菜)。〈見附圖f〉 (4)、蓇葖果,由單心皮或多數離生心皮所組成,成熟後僅一邊開裂。如黑板樹之果實。〈見附圖c〉 (5)、胞果, 和蓋果相似但只含一粒種子。如莧科植物。 (6)、蒴果,由二個或二個以上的合生心皮組成,成熟後縱向開裂。如木芙蓉。〈見附圖e〉 2、乾果,成熟後不開裂, (1)、瘦果,一心皮內僅有一種子,種子與果皮分離,成熟後果皮不開裂。如咸豐草的果實。〈見附圖g〉 along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy (2)、穎果,果實內僅有一種子,種子與果皮癒合。如孟仁草。 (3)、翅果,果皮延伸成翅狀,不開裂。〈見附圖h〉 (4)、堅果,果實堅硬,一室一種子,種子單粒大型。如戟葉蓼、益母草。〈見附圖i〉 (5)、離果,成熟時裂成數個,各帶一個種子之小果實。如許多繖形科之植物。〈見附圖j〉 3、多汁的肉質果, (1)、漿果,外果皮薄,中果皮及內果皮為肉質。如西印度櫻桃。 (2)、核果,外果皮薄,中果皮為肉質,內果皮堅硬。如芒果。 種子的傳播適應 A. 成熟果實扮演傳播種子的角色,決定不適當的種子,其由動物食用果實或種子來傳播,並保護種子免於草食動物herbivores。 B. 風、水、動物媒介。 1. 有翅winged及羽狀plumed果實通常為風媒介,種子藉由果皮的爆裂而散出,如,coconut。 along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy 2. 動物傳播者,如ant、birds、bat、rodents囓齒類、ruminant反芻動物、fish、primates靈長類。 C. 有些植物具有抗草食動物antiberbivore技術。 1. 包括減少果實可利用時間,果皮或種皮堅硬,果實或內皮為驅蟲成份repellent。 a. 許多果實,副產品極豐富,但其為負面,有毒。 b. 但草食植物同時進化coevlution。 D. 種子之傳播距離非統一目標。 1. 草類中近母株之selfplant,如,peanut。 2.分格於不同島嶼之樹種,通常呈現出喪失傳播能力。 along the ridge line on the plane, and nearly vertical slope contour lines, Guan Po changes with the original ground line, with shallow backfill-pipe, single-pipe water supply, the competent 1.4m, long 1063.506m, two asymmetric "y" pipe, diameter 0.8M, single 10m. Competent to establish 12 town Pier, 8 expansion joint. Town pier for the closed-end structure of gravity, placed on soft rock base surface, pipe concrete C20 on a pedestal. Pipe trench excavation slope 1:0.75, after the installation of steel tube, compacted gravel backfill material to the surface, and 1:100 slope drainage to gutters. Gutter width 0.5M depth 0.5m,M5 grouted rubble masonry. 9.2 main engineering content this standard pressure pipe and the metal structure installation part main including Yunnan province tengchong County yongxing River primary and secondary hydropower station in the of pressure pipe and the power station metal structure, which level power station pressure pipe total about 562t (containing annex); II level power station pressure pipe about 733 t (containing annex); level power station metal structure about 52.5 t, containing discharge Gate 2 hole, rushed sand Gate 1 hole, water mouth work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole, Qian pool work door and the stopped dirt gate the 1 hole; Secondary power station metal junction at about 19.5 t, containing sand Gate 1 hole, water inlet water gate and trash the 1 hole; their auxiliary hoist equipment and electrical equipment. Concrete pressure pipe, gate, trash and hoisting device project property list 1-1~1-3. Table 1-1 the main characteristics of the penstock number item parameter type controller size head a long pipe diameter pipe length 11 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.3M 931m 0.8M 8.3*2m 22 hydropower station penstock open-air exposed pipe, single pipe joint water supply 1.4m 1063.506 m 0.8M 10*2m table 1-2 hydropower station Hydraulic metal structure main characteristics table number project name gate, and stopped dirt gate, and door (Gate) slot opening and closing machine track notes hole mouth size (wide x high) (MXM) number (sets) design head (m) supports type type single heavy (t) total heavy (t) type type opening and closing capacity (KN) head (trip) (m) number (sets) single heavy