绿色植物参与生物圈的水循环

绿色植物参与生物圈的水循环 绿色植物参与生物圈的水循环 教《绿色植物参与生物圈的水循环》是初一第三单元第三章第三节的，这节课主要介绍了叶片有材利于蒸腾作用的结构特点，学生需要学会制作叶片徒手切片，能够在显微镜下观察和认识叶片的结构和保卫介细胞，知道植物蒸腾作用的意义。第一课时，我们需要解决的是让学生学会制作叶片徒手切片，并且学会在绍 显微镜下观察叶片与蒸腾作用有关的结构。 课课前，我准备的材料有这样几种:两盆大小相似的盆栽，一盆枝叶茂盛，一盆去掉了全部的叶子。另外前还有菠菜叶、大叶韭菜、冬青叶和月季花叶。我讲课的时间是下午第三节，中午的时候，我就请初一八班的准几个学生和我一起，做了植物蒸腾作用的实验，我们用干燥的透明塑料袋，分别罩在两个盆栽上，然后放在备 阳光下一段时间，上课时我安排一个学生负责把盆栽带到实验室。 教教师活动 学生活动 设计意图 学 内 容 创师:课前，我和生:取两盆大小相似的盆栽，关于这个环节，我考虑过很多设咱们班同学一一盆枝叶茂盛，一盆去掉了方案，我上网搜了很多课件和，情起做了一个有全部的叶子。我们用干燥的有玉米一生需要的水资料，也有一境关蒸腾作用的透明塑料袋，分别罩在两个些与蒸腾作用相关的视频,还有我导实验，下面我就盆栽上，然后放在阳光下一做的这个实验的视频过程。最终选入请一位同学给段时间。 择这个方案的原因是考虑到，高老新大家介绍一下我们的操作过程。 师经常说的一句话:“不要把生物课课 上成死物课，生物课要尽可能地把师:大家观察这两个盆栽，你看到了什生:有叶子的盆栽塑料袋上 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 么现象, 出现了水珠，没有叶子的塑实物带进课堂，能让学生亲自实践 袋上没有水珠。 的一定要让学生动手。”这个实验的 材料容易找到，操作也比较简单， 师:你有什么疑问吗, 生1:水是从哪来的, 所以我决定让学生们亲自动手操 生2:水是从植物的哪个部位作。学生们在亲自实验时，兴致高 冒出来的, 昂，喜笑颜开，既锻炼了他们的动 师:通过观察，你认为，水是从植物的生:我认为水是从植物的叶手操作能力，也锻炼了学生的合作 哪个部位冒出来的, 子冒出来的。 意识，同时还可以提高学生对本节 课所学知识的兴趣，进而提高对生 师:通过两个盆栽的对比，你猜测一下，生:与叶有关。 物学科的兴趣。这也符合我们新课 植物的蒸腾作用主要与哪个器官有改要求的“建设和谐高效、思维对 关, 话型的生物课堂”的要求。 师:叶又有哪些特殊的结构与蒸腾作用生:好。 密不可分呢,你想不想知道,下面我 们就亲自动手来探究一下好不好, 小师:关于叶片的结构，我们用肉眼和放关于徒手切片的做法由于学生 组大镜都观察不到，所以要借助于显微是第一次接触，从来也没有进行过合镜，并且要制作叶片的徒手切片。有关实践，所以，我认为做这个实验的作徒手切片的做法，我有请咱班的小老师第一步就是要教给学生如何制作叶展——赵圣如同学给大家边做边讲解。 片的徒手切片。这一环节我也想了开很多方案，一是让学生自己看书自 探学，一是播放上网搜集的关于制作究 叶的徒手切片的视频资料。 后来我想到守荣老师讲的那节 国家级的优质课和实验中学肖路老 师的那节《生物的变异》，都是培养 了一名小老师，我想，如果我在班 里选一个学生，教会他实验， 再让他教给学生们，同龄人教同龄 人，效果会不会很好,所以，我在 中午学生休息的时候，找了八班一 个学习比较好的同学，把徒手切片 的制作方法教给了他，让他负责上 课的时候教给班里的学生。这样可 以锻炼赵圣如同学的胆量和语言的 表达能力。在正式向大家讲解的时 候，赵圣如同学还是有些紧张，但 是我认为，经过这次锻炼，她以后 再遇到这样的情况，表现一定会更 好。 讲赵圣如同学说:大家好， 解现在，我给大家讲解一下叶 徒片徒手切片的制作方法，在 手我讲解的过程中，大家要仔 切细听啊，如果有什么不明白 片的地方你可以提出来，我们 的可以共同探讨。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 做第一步:取一片主脉分 法 明的、完整的菠菜叶片，将 叶片平铺在小木板上。 第二步:右手捏紧并排 的双面刀片，沿着与叶脉垂 直的方向迅速切割。 第三步:将刀片放入培 养皿的水中，薄片就会漂入 水中，可多切几次，每切一 下，刀片就要蘸一下水。 第四步:将载玻片擦干 净，在中央滴一滴清水。 第五步:用毛笔蘸取培 养皿水中最薄的一片，放入 载玻片的清水中，然后盖上 盖玻片。(注意防止气泡的产 生。) 这样，装片的制作就完 成了。 师:大家听懂了吗,有什么问题要问生1:为什么要选取主脉分明这个环节，我让赵圣如同学解吗, 的叶片, 答了大家的疑问，后来“专家团” 生2:为什么要平铺在小木板给出的意见是:这个环节要面向全 上, 体学生，学生们的疑问要全班同学 生3:为什么要捏紧双面刀回答，这样在提问的时候，全体学 片, 生都会考虑问题的答案，都会参与 生4:为什么要沿着与叶脉垂到问题情境中，这比赵圣如一人解 直的方向切割, 答更能体现出新课改要求“面向全 生5:为什么切割的时候要迅体学生”的要求。 速, 这一环节还锻炼了学生提问的 生6:为什么刀片要蘸水, 能力，让他们学会在探究过程中提 出有价值的问题。 赵圣如同学一一给大家 做了解答。 进解决了学生的疑问以后，我就让每个小学生动手操作。 这一环节，在后来刘老师给我 行组的同学按照刚才自己学到的方法进的意见是，学生实验的时候，老师 实行自己的实验。 一定要每组都观察到，对于学生不 验 我提醒大家:由于大家是第一次做这个懂的地方要及时讲解。 实验，给大家个友情提示:刀片锋利，比如:有的同学在显微镜视野要注意安全～体现了对学生的人文关怀 中师黑乎乎的一片，老师要引导他 们，使他们指导自己的装片太厚， 原因可能师切割的时候，刀片没有 捏紧。因为显微镜下观察的都是透 明的物体。 这样的问题老师应该及时发现 并及时解决，这点，我做得还有点 欠缺。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 展等大部分同学做出实验现象了，我同学们一起，一边看书，这个环节与自学的方法有些相示要他们和别的小组同学一起分享自己一边讨论，得出了如下结论: 似。对于像“叶片的组成”这样的实的成果。 我们看到了叶片由三大有唯一答案且无法根据实验和观察验由于是新知识，所以我让他们根据部分组成:表皮、叶肉、叶得出结论的知识点，我觉得采用这结自己观察到的实验现象并参照书上的脉。 种自学加讨论的方法也不错。 果 图，在一起讨论: 我们知道表皮分为上下 你都看到了什么,知道了什么, 表皮，而且它是透明的，因 你看到的结构有什么特点?进而推测:为我们有时可以撕下菠菜的 它们有什么作用,属于什么组织, 表皮。我们小组的同学认为 表皮细胞具有保护作用，属 于保护组织。 叶片的结构示意图我们看到了叶肉细胞， 里面有叶绿体。我们发现靠叶脉近上表皮的细胞排列紧密，上表皮靠近下表皮的细胞疏松。我 叶肉们推测叶肉细胞属于营养组 织。 下表皮我们知道了叶片中有叶气孔 脉，我们猜它属于输导组织。 气孔是植物蒸腾失水的“门户”，也是气体交换的(我告诉大家:叶脉的上方“窗口”。 是导管，下方是筛管。他们 的作用上一节已经学过了， 导管输送水分和无机盐，筛 管输送有机物。) 有的同学说:老师我们 看到了气孔。 拓接下来，我提问了大家这样几个问题: 学生们根据所学的知识和已对知识最好的掌握就是在实践展我们知道叶片表皮是透明的，但我有的讨论作答。 中运用它。生物学知识和我们的生延们看到的叶子是绿色的，这些绿色是谁活密切相关，这个环节我就从学生伸 的颜色, 的日常生活现象入手，在学生理解 请大家观察叶片，你发现是上面颜所学知识的基础上，进而解决生活 色深还是下面颜色深,你认为原因是中的问题，提高了学生分析问题、 什么, 解决问题的能力。 秋天的落叶，一般是哪面朝上,你为了验证秋天的落叶大多是背 认为原因是什么? 面朝上，我还设计了让学生自己扔 树叶的环节。我让学生将我给他们 准备的冬青叶子，朝空中抛，做10 次，记录下背面朝上的次数，做这 个实验的时候，整个课堂活跃至极， 学生尽情玩乐的同时，给了我所要 的答案。这个实验结果也是学生们 亲自验证的，所以我认为，如此愉 快的生物课，应该是每位学生都喜 欢的，充分调动了学生的学习积极 性。 这个环节在后来杨主任给我提 的意见是:由于这节课的知识重点strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 师介绍叶片的结构和气孔的特点， 我在处理“秋天的落叶究竟师背面 朝上还是正面朝上”的问题上，虽 然方式比较活跃，但还是花费的时 间比较长，有重点不突出、喧宾夺 主的味道。 运师:刚刚有的同学说:老师，我还看到 用了气孔。 演师:气孔位于哪里, 生:表皮。 示师:上下表皮都有吗,一样多吗, 生:都有。数量不一样。 实师:你怎么知道不一样, 验下面，我给大家做一个演示实验:我将 验事先准备这个实验简单易操作，而且实证好的七八验现象也非常明显，适合在课堂演气十度的开示。 孔水倒在一 的个大烧杯 多中，然后 少 用镊子夹 起一片月 季花叶，放入水中，让学生们观察，学 生可以清清楚楚地看到，从叶片的正面 和背面都有气泡冒出，而且背面的气泡 明显比正面的多。这就充分证明了背面 的气孔比正面的多。 进师:通过刚才的演示我们可以初步确这个实验，我用的是韭菜叶， 一定，叶片背面的气孔比正面的多。真的其实那种老的冬青叶也可以，就是步是这样吗,下面我们就用实验来验证撕的时候没有韭菜叶容易。我让探一下: 1.3.5.7组的同学观察韭菜叶的上表究 学生边练习，教师边巡回指导学生皮，2.4.6.8组的同学观察叶的下表 操作、观察、识别气孔。同时挑选制作皮，并且数一数在视野范围内的气 效果较好的装片，可以用显微投影仪投孔数量。如果做出实验结果了，可 射到大屏幕集体观赏，或者让小组互相以看看别的小组的实验现象，这个 交流其装片，增加学生的成就感。 实验可以进行染色。 在这个环节出现了一个小问 题:我准备菠菜和韭菜时，是将他 们放在盛水的桶中，我的目的是让 细胞不失水。而且我自己认为，韭 菜叶在吸水的情况下，应该比较容 易掰断，取表皮应该比较容易，可 是后来实验的时候，韭菜叶的韧性 特别大，除了靠近根部的比较粗的 部位比较容易掰断之外，其他的部 分几乎无法折断，高老师说，林老 师叶用的韭菜叶，她用的韭菜叶效 果就特别明显，我想，应该是我的 韭菜吸饱了水的缘故吧。不过这究strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 竟是什么原理，我到现在还没弄明 白。 正是由于我的韭菜出现了这种 现象，所以一个小男孩他取韭菜的 表皮就有了一种创新的方法:他用 尺子轻轻地刮韭菜叶的表面，把叶 肉全部刮掉以后，就能剩下透明的 表皮，这种方法比较简单，而且取 到的表皮也比较完整。 韭菜叶表皮细胞 韭菜叶表皮气孔(局部) 韭菜叶表皮气孔(特写) 5×10 10×40 25×40 展首先我让大家根据自己观察的现我让他们找一下出现这种现象 示象画出叶表皮的细胞图，让大家知道，的原因。有的同学就发现，我的材 交表皮由表皮细胞和保卫细胞两种细胞料有的是浸泡在水中的，细胞吸水， 流组成。 气孔可能就张开。锻炼了学生们分 试析问题和解决问题的能力。 验 结 果 然后，我让大家根据自己的观察和有的同学说:老师我们 小组间的讨论，告诉大家，你都看到了两个组数了数各自视野中的 什么,有什么结论, 气孔，我们得出的结论是上 表皮的气孔比下表皮的少。 老师，我们小组的气孔 是张开的，他们小组的气孔 是关闭的, 重出示气孔的图片，让学生讨论分析构成关于气孔的张开和关闭，视频 点气孔的保卫细胞有什么特点, 没有叶绿体。 虽然已经很形象了，但是这节课结突细胞壁厚薄不均匀，靠气孔束后，高老师给我的意见是我们可破 腔的外壁厚，不易伸展;背以制作一下保卫细胞的模型，所以， 气孔腔的内壁薄，较易伸展。 事后我就做了一下，可以通过向气 球里充气和抽气模拟保卫细胞的吸 水和失水，进而观察气孔的张开和 关闭。 取一个长气球，中间粘上几层胶带， 外壁内壁用打气筒向气球内充气，两个气球的外侧保卫细胞失水收缩， 保卫细胞吸水膨胀，气孔关闭。气孔张开。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 迅速向外膨胀，内侧由于粘着胶带无法膨问:你认为保卫细胞在什么情况 胀，所以把中间部分拉开，这演示了气孔下，气孔张开,什么情况下，气孔关细胞吸水膨胀时，内壁伸展 的张开。然后把气球内的空气放出，两个闭, 拉长，牵动外壁向内凹陷， 气球的外侧壁迅速向内回缩，中间的孔隙使气孔张开;当细胞失水收 就消失了，这就演示了气孔的闭合。从而缩时，内外壁都拉直，使气 学生很容易得出:保卫细胞吸水膨胀时气动画演示气孔的张开和关闭情况。 孔闭合。 孔张开，保卫细胞失水收缩时气孔闭合。 保卫细胞吸水膨胀，保卫细胞失水收缩， 气孔张开。气孔关闭。 这样做，学生们可以亲自动手 操作，而且直观性特别强，相信这 对这个知识点的理解和记忆会有很 大的帮助。 盘师:通过这节课的学习你有什么收获 学生畅所欲言 点 收 获 主播放一段公益广告。 让学生们认同绿色植物进行蒸 题腾作用的意义，初步形成保护森林 升的意识。 华 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality