初中英语69组近义词辨析专项练习题(中考英语资料)

初中英语69组近义词辨析专项练习(中考英语资料) 初中英语近义词辨析 专项练习(必考点) 1. tell talk say speak speak讲语言 speak to sb about sth tell告诉 tell sb sth/tell sth to sb say说 say sth to sb talk交谈,聊天 talk to sb/talk sb about sth say ,speak talk 和tell辨析. ? say一般作及物动词用,着重说话的内容,它的宾语可以是名词,代 词或宾语从句. eg:He can say his name.他会说他的名字. Please say it in English.请用英语用. She`s saying ,Don`t draw on the wall.她在说“别在墙上画”. ? speak强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容 .作及物动词时,常以某种 语言作宾语.作不及物动词时,常见的搭配形式有: speak of something/somebody谈到某事(某人)speak to sb 跟某 人讲话,此外speak还可用于在较为正式的场合了演讲或演说. Can you speak Japanese?你会说日语吗? She is speaking to her teacher.她正在跟她的老师说话. He spoke at the meeting yesterday.他昨天在会上讲了话. ? talk 一般为不及物动词,意思是“交谈,谈话,着重强调两具之间的 相互说话. eg:She is talking with Lucy in English. 她正在和露茜用英语交谈. What are you talking about?你们在谈论什么? The teacher is talking to him.老师正在和他谈话. ? tell常作及物动词,意为“讲述,告诉,动词常跟双宾语. tell sb sth,tell sth to sb告诉某人某事. eg:He is telling the children a story. 他正在给孩子们讲一个故事. Did you tell her the news?,Did you tell the news to her? 你把这个消息告诉她了吗? 1 Can you _____ me the truth? 2 What language do you ____? 3 This is what they ____ yesterday. 4 Don?t ___ in class，please be quiet. 2. .look look at see watch look为不及物动词，后面不能带宾语，常单独使用，以引起对方注意。例如: 1 Look! That's an English car. 看～那是一辆英国的小汽车。 look at是由动词look 与介词at组成的词组，相当于及物动词，后面可以带宾语，侧重"看"的动作。 例如: Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。 see为及物动词，意思是"看见"，侧重"看"的结果。 例如: Can I see your new pen? 我可以看看你的新钢笔吗, watch 是及物动词，意思是"观看、注视"， 用来指注视移动着的物体，如看电视、看球赛、看戏等。 例如:They are watching TV.他们正在看电视 1 The coat ____ nice, I want to buy one for my daughter. 2 Please _______ the blackboard, can you ___ anything? 3 She doesn?t like ____ TV,but she likes _____ football game. 3. .sound listen to hear sound可作名词和动词.作名词时表"声响,声音",作动词时是一个"半系动词",后面一般加形容词或从句,表"听起来怎么样". hear是"听",它强调"听"的结果.你可翻译为"听到" listen是不及物动词,后面不能直接加宾语,也是"听",但它强调"听"的动作,你可以翻译为"收听". listen是不及物动词,但如果想要加"听"的对象,怎么办?这时就用listten to 了. 1 ____ the radio, it says the flood is coming soon. 2 I can?t ____ you , because there?s something wrong with my ears. 3 What you said ____ interesting. 4. .hear from hear of listen to 是动作“听” hear 也是听,但是更强调听到的结果 例如:I listened carefully to the radio,but didn't hear anything. 我仔细听收音机,但是什么也没听见.(这个句子很烂) hear of 是听说到 I have never heard of the anecdote before.我从来也没有听到过这件事. hear from 有从...听说到,收到...消息等意思 I am delighted to hear from you.收到你的来信很高兴. 1 After ____ her sister, she read and soon wrote back. 2 Have you _____ the place called Shenglong? .5.receive accept receive 是 „接到，收到(客观上)的意思,但并不意味着同意接受 比如说 你很讨厌一个人 他写信给你 你不想收 可是你并不能阻挡这封信的到来 accept 是 „接到，并同意的意思' 比如说 有人约你星期六出去玩 你知道了 也接受了这个邀请 2 He _____ a present yesterday, but he didn?t _____ it, because it was too much expensive and he sent it back. 6..look up look for find find out look up可以为查阅,比如查字典I look up a few words.我查了几个字 look for为寻找,I'm looking for my car.我在找我的车 look up还有其他的解释:向上看, 尊敬, 仰望, 查寻, 拜访, 好转 I look up Peter yearningly. 我渴望见到彼得. Look up a few words. 查几个字. Look up an old friend. 拜访一个老朋友 I look up several old friends. 我拜访了几位老友. Look! It's a clearing up. 瞧,天晴了. Don't look up the dictionary. 不要查字典. I think I'd better look that up. 我想我得查一下. Look how our plants have shot up. 瞧我们的庄稼长得多快. Look, the orchestra pit is filling up find就是单纯的找到,I find my car.我找到的车了 find out也是发现,但是通常用于发现比较抽象的理论或者发现某一件事 I find out the secret. attempt to find out. 试图发现事情的真相. How did you find out? 你怎么知道的? Truth will find liars out. 真理会戳穿说谎者. His sins will find him out. 他为非作歹,不会有好下场. How soon will I find out? 要等多久才能找到? Let me find out for you. 我来查一查. Love will find out the way. 爱情自会寻出路. Somebody will find that secret out. 有人会发现那个秘密. I'll find out where they live. 我去打听一下他们住在哪儿. I'll find out who is available. 我问一下谁有空跟你接洽 1 He often takes a dictionary and ______ the new words in it? 2 The little girl _____ her pen everywhere but didn?t _____ it at last. 3 Look! Rita is crying over there. Let?s go and _____ why is she crying. 7..keep borrow lend borrow 指的是从别人那里借 take可以指参加~ 拿走的意思 lend 是从自己这里借出什么东西 get 是得到的意思 1 – My bike is broken, can I ___ yours ,Lily? -Oh, sorry, I?ve ____ it to Sandy. 2 –How long may I ____ this book? -For about two weeks. 3 8..reach arrive get 1、arrive是不及物动词，后面要跟in或at，表示到达大城市或国家时要用in，到达小城市、乡村、车站等小地方则用at。如: We arrived in London last week. (我们上周到达伦敦。) The doctor arrived at the village at last. (医生终于到达了那个村子。) 2、reach是个独行侠，是及物动词，后面从来不跟介词，直接跟宾语(地点名)就行了。如: When did you reach the station, (你是什么时间到达车站的?) He reached Nanjing at noon. (他是中午到达南京的。) 3、get与arrive一样，是不及物动词，所以常带着to一起出行。不过，当“到达”的地点是副词时，get就不带它了，如: Ann got to the farm at six o?clock. (安六点钟到达农场。) I got here early in the morning. (我一大早就到这儿了。) 当然，如果不指明到达的地点就不能用get，而要用arrive了。如: When I arrived，they weren?t there. (当我到达时，他们不在那儿。) 1 They will ____ in Chengdu next week. 2 How do you ___ to school every day? 3 Use a longer stick, then you can ____ the apples. 9..thanks to thanks for ?. thanks for = thank you for “为……谢”强调谢的原因。 如:?Thanks for lending me your umbrella.谢谢你借给我雨伞。 ?Thank you for your dictionary. 谢谢你的字典。 ?. thanks to “多亏了……”;“由于……的帮助”相当于because of …或 with the help of … , 在此短语中，to是一个介词，后接名词或代词。 如:?Thanks to the doctor, I am well again. 多亏这位医生，我身体又康复了。 ?Thanks to our teachers, we all passed the exam.多亏了老师的帮助，我们都及格了。 ?Thanks to your help, I finish the work on time. 多亏了你的帮助，我才能按时完成工作 1 ______ your help, I?ve understand it. 2 ______ the cats, mice dare not come and eat my food. 10..give in give up give up 与give in 都有“放弃，让步”之意，但give up 指行为者碰到某种困难或原因而自己主动放弃;give in指行为者屈于某种压力而被迫按别人的要求去做，侧重于屈服。give up可作vt., 后接名词或动名词作宾语;而give in只作vi. ,后不接宾语。 1 We shouldn?t _____ learning English! 2 I would rather die than _____ before my enemies. 11..achieve come true achieve:实现成绩、目标，主语是人。 realize:实现，意识到，多指意识到某种道理、规律什么的，主语是人。 4 come true:实现，多指梦想、蓝图、计划，主语是梦想蓝图计划什么的。 1 He works so hard that he is sure to___ his dream. 2 His prediction of human?s flying to the moon _____. 12.turn off close turn on open “open”和“turn on”在汉语中都是“开”的意思，但其含义和用法是不同的。“open”是指将原来关上或合上的东西打开， 如open the door/window/„; “turn on”而则指转动或推上开关等打开， 如turn on the TV/light/„;“close”和“turn off”在意思和动作上正好与“open”和“turn on”相反，都是“关”的意思，其用法与“open”和“turn on”相同， 如close the basket , turn off the Walkman turn down意为“(把收音机的音量、灯等)关小、调低”，其反义词组为turn up。 1 _____ the windows please, it?s so cold outside. 2 ____ the lights before you leave the room. 3 The dog _____ the box and took the bone out! 4 _____ the TV, I want to watch the NBA basketball games. 13.break off break out break into break down break up:vt.开垦(破碎,破坏,解散,结束,衰弱) break down:vt.打破(减轻,坍塌,彻底失败,精神不支,中止,把分解) break in:vt.闯入(打断,使习惯于,使驯服,训练成为) break out:爆发 break into:闯入 break through:vt.突破 break off :v.中断,折断,突然停止,脱落,暂停,断绝,解除 1 He was late for school yesterday, because his car ____ on the half way. 2 The World War? ____ when she was only five. 3 They ____ their friendship and didn?t talk to each other any more. 4 Last night a thief _____ my house and took away my TV. 14. solve reply answer solve 解决(问题)及物动词 常与problem 连用 reply 回复，答复 不及物动词 常与to连用 answer 回答 及物动词 常与question 连用 1 What did Mr Smith ____ to what others said? 2 No one in our class can ______ this question. 3 It?s too difficult for everyone to ______ that problem. 15.hope wish hope 希望 指较为现实的想法 常有hope to do 或hope + 从句，但没有hope sb to do wish 希望 指不太现实的要求或想法 有wish to do 或 wish sb to do。也有wish+从句， 5 但这时的从句多用虚拟语气，及从句中常有could 或 should等 1 – The weather may be fine tomorrow. - I ____ so. 2 Mum ____ me to be a doctor in the future. 3 How I ____ I could fly to the moon! 16.take cost spend pay take 花费 尤指花费时间,主语为物 常有it takes sb some time to do sth cost 花费 指花金钱 ，主语为物 常有cost sb some money spend 花费 主语为人 常有spend… doing 或spend…on sth pay 花费 主语为人 常有pay…for 1 It often ___ about 3 hours to get to school from my home. 2 – Who will ____ for the bill? - Maybe our boss. 3 The house ___ him 30,000 dollars. 4 His cousin _____ the whole day making the toy car yesterday. 17.take part in join take part in 参加某项活动 join 参加某个组织、团体、俱乐部、军队、党团或个人 1 Mr Wang ___ the Party 5 years ago. 2 They invited Lily ______ that party. deal with 18.do with do with 处理，应付 在问句中要与what 连用 deal with 处理，对付 在问句中要与how连用 1 How can you ___ that problem? 2 What do you ____ the event? 19.put on wear dress Wear:多表示状态，强调“穿着”，其宾语为衣帽等服饰 Put on :做“穿”讲时，强调穿的动作，多翻译为“穿上，戴上” Dress可表示“穿着某种颜色或服饰的衣服”，其后加介词in，不可加具体的服饰。 1 _____ the warm clothes, it?s cold outside. 2 Mary is always ______ red clothes . Maybe red is her favorite color. 3 The little boy could ______ himself when he was three years old. 20.win lose beat Win,beat,lose,fail区别 1.Win,beat都有赢击败的意思，但是win的宾语一般是比赛或是比赛项目，而beat的宾语一般是人或比赛的队伍 2.lose ，fail都有失败的意思lose的用法是lose the match .lose to sb.而fail 常用在sb. Fail the match 中 6 beat 打，抽打;defeat 挫败;win 胜利;lose 失败 1 Our team has ___ the football match, we are all happy. But they are frustrated, because theirs ____ the match. 2 The Brazilian football team ___ us 5-0 in that match, all the Chinese fans were very sad. 21.be made in be made of be made from be made up of (1)be made of是„制成的.介词of所指的原材料往往是未经变化、仍可看得出材料的原样. This kite is made of paper .这个风筝是纸做的. The old bridge is made of stone .那座古桥是用石头造的. This kind of glass is made of paper .这种杯子是纸制的. (2)be made from由…制成的.介词from所指的原材料往往是经过变化、已看不出原来的材料. Salt is made from seawater .盐是用海水制成的. Bread is made from wheat .面包是小麦制成的. This kind of drink is made from apple .这种饮料是由苹果酿成的. (3)be made in在…制造.介词in后所要求的是地点. This bike is made in Shanghai .这辆自行车是上海制造的. This kind of car is made in this factory .这种汽车是这个工厂生产的. (4)be made by由某人做的. This machine was made by Uncle Wang .这台机器是王叔叔造的. (5)be made into被制成.介词into后所要求的是产品. These things will be made into paper .这些东西将被制成纸. Glass can be made into many kind of things .玻璃可以被制成许多种东西. (6)be made up of由…组成.介词of后所要求的是构成主语的人或物. 1 The desk _______ wood. 2 This kind of watch ______ Shanghai. 3 Our class ______ 50 students. 4 Paper _______ bamboo. 22.have been to have been in have gone to have been in, have been to, have gone to 这三个短语都有“到某地去”的意思,但涵义和用法各不相同.Have been in强调“过去曾去过”之意,表示经验;have been to的意思是“过去到过而现在已返回”,它强调“最近的经历”;have gone to表示“动作的完成”,强调人已离开说话的地方. 通过下列句子的对比,可以分清它们各自不同的涵义: They have been in Chicago((1) They have been to Chicago((2) They have gone to Chicago((3) (1)句的意思是“他们曾去过芝加哥”,此语强调过去的经历,但没有说明现在是否已回来. 7 言外之意,他们到过芝加哥,他们知道芝加哥在何处,该城市有多大,人口有多少等等. (2)句的意思是“他们曾到过芝加哥,现在已回来了”.此语强调的是往返的经历. (3)句的意思是“他们已到芝加哥去了”,此语的言外之意是“也许他们已经到达,也许现在还在途中”,它强调“去”的动作已经完成,所以人已不在说话的地点. 1 They ______ Italy for more than 7 years, so Italy is their second home. 2 This person can?t be Yao Ming, for Yao _______ America. 3 – How many times _______ Hainan? - Only 3 times. too much / much too 小窍门 too much -----就看much much too -----就看too 前面的不要管它.归根结底是much和too的区别 *(too) much 1(相当于形容词,意为“more than enough”,用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语.如: Americans eat too much meat in my opinion(依我看,美国人吃的肉太多. I drank too much cola last night(昨天晚上我可乐喝得太多了. The work is too much for her(这工作她干不了. She's afraid the trip will be too much for me(她怕我受不了旅途的劳累. 2(相当于名词,在句子中作主语或宾语.如: Too much was happening all at once(同时发生的事情太多了. You have given me too much(你给我的太多了. 3(相当于副词,在句子中作状语.如: You work too much(你工作干得太多了. She talks too much(她话说得太多了. *(much) too much too的用法比较简单,只用作副词作状语,但它不单独使用,在句子中要修饰形容词或副词,但不修饰动词.如: You are much too kind to me(你对我实在太好了. It's much too cold(天气实在太冷了. You are driving much too fast(你开车太快了. 1.The computer is ____ expensive. 2.Stop, Peter. You talked ____. 3.I?ve got ____ work to do. 4.Father, have a rest. You?ve ____ tired today. 5.Hurry up! You have wasted ___ time. 24. holiday/ vacation 1. holiday 和 vacation 都可表示“假期”，前者主要用于英国英语中，后者主要用于美国英语中。如: 8 He took (a) ten days’ holiday [vacation]. 他请假 10 天。 The boys are going to Beijing during the summer holidays [vacation]. 男孩子们打算暑假去北京。 但是，无论在英国英语中还是美国英语中，表示因宗教节日或国家喜庆日而设立的法定“假日”都用 holiday。如: Friday is a holiday in Muslim countries. 在穆斯林国家星期五是假日。 New Year’s Day is a holiday for everyone. 元旦是所有人的节(假)日。 另外，无论在英国英语还是在美国英语中，大学的假期，都用vacation。如: The library is closed during the college vacation. 大学放假期间图书馆不开放。 两者都可与介词 on 连用构成习语。如: He is on holiday [vacation]. 他在度假。 She has gone to Paris on holiday [vacation]. 她去巴黎度假了。 该习语通常不用冠词，但有时可用物主代词。如: We’re touring Italy on our holiday [vacation]. 我们正在意大利观光度假。 注:three holidays 是“三个假期”,不是“三天假期”。表示后者可以用:a holiday of three days / three days’ holiday / a three-day holiday。 2. leave 表示“休假”、“假期”(不可数)，主要指雇员因有某种理由而获准的休假。如: He’s taken unpaid leave for a month. 他请了一个月的停薪假。 She has been given sick (compassionate, maternity) leave. 她获准休病假(事假，产假)。 leave 还通常指军队、政府、机关等的休假。 His annual leave is thirty working days. 他每年的休假是 30 个工作日。 He gets home leave every two years. 他每两年有一次探亲假。 注意以下常用习语或有用搭配: sick leave 病假 on leave 休假 leave of absence 请假 ask for leave 请假 take four months’leave 请 4 个月的假 1.Christmas is a ____ for everybody. 2.The children will take their summer __ in half a month. 3.My father is on _____. 25. close/ shut off/ turn off turn off 关(自来水、电灯、收音机等) Please turn off the light.请把灯关了. shut off 切断,中断(供水、供气) The electricity shuts off at midnight.半夜电停了 shut off the hot water by closing a valve.关上阀门从而阻断了热水 close和shut这两个词的共同意思是“关闭”。其细微区别在于: 1.close指把门等关到让人不能出入的程度,只表示关上; 而shut指关严并紧紧闩住,强调与外界隔绝。例如: 9 He did not close the door when he left the room.他离开房间时没有关门。 Shut the door so that the cat won't get out.把门关严,别让猫跑出去。 The store closes at 9 p.m. every day.这家商店晚9点关门。 The police shut the murderer up in a cell.警方把杀人犯关进牢房。 2.表示“暂不开放”用close,表示“永不开放”用shut。例如: The swimming pool has closed for the winter.游泳场冬天不开放。 The hotel is shut.这家旅馆不再开业了。 turn off关掉，关闭;拐弯，使转变方向 shut down停工，停产，关闭 它们都有“关闭”的意思，但是turn off一般是指关闭电器、仪器 shut down是指“关闭”公司、工厂 1.You?d better ____the motor. It is making too much noise. 2.All the shops are ____ now. 3.She didn?t __ the door and entered the house. 4.He ____ the lights before he left the lab. 5._____ the television, please. 26. instead/ instead of/ without without[ wiT5aut ]prep.没有,不,(表条件)如果没有,要没有adv.在外,在屋外, 后通常跟的是单词 instead of adv.代替,而不是...,而instead of 后通常跟动词短语 或句子 一.instead意为“代替”“替代”,作副词用,通常位于句尾.如位于句首时常用逗号与后面阁开.instead 在顺接句子中作“代替”讲,而在转折(或逆转)句子中作“然而”讲. 例如:1.Lily isn't here.Ask Lucy instead. Lily不在这儿,去问Lucy吧.[注意]当instead在祈使句中时,只能位于句末. 2.she didn't answer me,instead,she asked me another question. 她没有回答我,反而问了我另外一个问题. 二.instead of是介宾短语,其意与instead相同,不同之处在于它后面常接宾语,起宾语多由名词、代词、介词、短语、动词 + ing 形式充当. 例如:1.We'll ask Li Mei instead of Mary.我们将去问李梅而不问玛丽. 2.I'll go instead of her.我会替她去. 三.instead 与instead of的转换. 例如:1.He didn't answer me,instead,he asked me another question ? He asked me another question instead of answering me. 2.I'll of instead of her.?She won't go.I'll go instead 1.I don?t like this one; please give me that____. 2.He stayed at home studying English ___ going to the cinema. 3.Tom passed by me ___ saying hello to me. 4.He went to school by bike ____ by car. 10 5.If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me _____. 27. many/ much / lots of / a lot ( of ) a lot后面什么也不接. a lot of与lots of用法类似,一般不会考的.后面接可数名词复数/不可数名词.要注意的是:plenty of 后接不可数名词.前面一定不能加a. many 接可数名词 much 接不可数名词 1.____ of the visitors are workers. 2.Has Jack ____ money? 3.During those three weeks, he ate ____ meat. 4.I did not understand why you had so _____ strange questions. 5.Although he is a boy, he reads _____. 28 above all / after all / first of all / at all in all 总计,总共 after all 毕竟;终究 above all 最重要的 at all 单独列出来,是没有这样用的.一般是:否定+ at all,表示根本,丝毫.如:She doesn't care at all.她根本不在乎.或者是not at all 根本不 above all;after all;first of all;in all用法辨析: ?above all意为“最重要的是;尤其是”,强调要引起特别注意.如: We must work,and above all we must believe in ourselves. 我们必须工作,尤其重要的是我们必须树立信心. ?after all意为“毕竟;终究;到底”,表示让步.如: He is certain to come.After all,he's already accepted the invitation. 他肯定来,他毕竟已接受了邀请. ? first of all意为“首先”,强调次序.如: First of all,let me introduce myself to you.首先,让我作个自我介绍. ?in all意为“总共;总计”.如: There are thirty in all in the party who will travel to Lanzhou.赴兰州的旅游团总共有30人. 1.Never waste anything, but ___ never waste time. 2._____, let me introduce myself to you. 3.What are you doing here ___ at all? 4.He is still a child ____. Don?t blame him. 5.I don?t know him _____. 29. passed/ past past 的过去式和过去分词都是原形past，past意思: n.过去, 往时 adj.过去的, 结束的 prep.越过, 晚于 passed是pass的过去式和过去分词，pass有“”passed还可以单独做形容词，“已经通过 11 的, 已被传递的”。pass，既可以作为动词使用又可以作为名词使用，作为动词，有及物 与不及物之分，为“经过、通过”之意，作为名词是“穿过”的意思。 1.They hurried ____ the building. 2.Tom _____ by me without greeting just now. 3.The train for the small town leaves at ten __ eight. 4.Two weeks had ____ since Martin had seen him. 5.In the ____ I have had many jobs. 30. agree to / agree with / agree on agree是一个使用范围很广的单词,意为“同意;赞同”.它有很多相关词组,现在把其主要 用法归纳如下: 1.agree (to sth) 意为“同意;愿意;答应(某事物)”.如:Is he going to agree to our suggestion? 他会同意我们的建议吗? 2.agree with sb 意为“适合(某人的健康或胃口)”,尤用于否定句或疑问句中.如:The climate there doesn\'t agree with him.那里的气候对他不合适. 3.agree (with sb) (about / on sth) 意为“同意;(与某人)意见一致”.如:We couldn\'t agree on a date/ when to meet.关于日期(什么时候见面),我们没有能取得一致意见. 4.agree sth意为“在某事物上取得一致意见;商定”.如:Can we agree a price?我们能不能 商定一个价格? 5.agree (with sth) 意为“与(某事物)相一致;相符合;相吻合”.如:Your thoughts didn\'t agree with mine.你的想法和我的想法不一致. 6.be agreed(on /about sth)意为“达成协议;意见一致”.如:We are all agreed on the best action.我们都同意这一最佳. 7.agree后面还可以接宾语从句,即be agreed that ...如:It was agreed that another meeting was necessary.大家都认为有必要再开一次会. 1.I ____ what he said. 2.All those who _____ the plan, raise your hands. 3.We _____ leaving there the next day. 4.Finally he _____ get someone to help me. 5.The food doesn?t _____ him. 31. build/ found/ set up/ put up buid是建筑，或者建起抽象的东西(房屋，习惯等) set up 主要是建立组织 found和 establish 是建立层面较大的机构。 区别主要是这个。 found:v.[T] build/ found/ put up/ set up ?. build “建筑、建造”指施工建筑，如房屋、桥梁、道路等的建造，也可用于广义。如: We are building socialism with China’s style. 我们正在建设具有中国特色的社会主义。 ?. found “创立、成立、创办”批创立一个组织、机构、国家等。如: ? They founded(=built) a school for the blind. 他们创办了一亿盲人学校。 ? The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于是1949年。 ?. put up 和set up 人含义很多，但他们在表示“搭起、竖起、挂起”以及表建筑物“建起” 12 的意思时，可以通用。只不过put up 比set up 要常见些。如: ? The boys put up (set up) their tents in the woods. 孩子们在树林里搭起了帐篷。 ? They have put up(set up) several cattle sheds for the team. 他们为队里建造了几个牛棚。 但set up 在表示“建起、成立”某一机构团体时，不能用put up 替换。如: The factory set up a night school last month. 这个工厂上月成立了一所夜校。 1.Last year a cinema was _____ near our school. 2.The rich man _____ the hospital and a school in the town where he was born. 3.The nursery was _____ in our school. 4.The newspaper reporter _____ his camera under a tree. 5.They must ____ good relations with the masses. 32. as / like 先说as吧 as作介词: 1.以„的身份，作为:充当角色、身份或功能的(In the role, capacity, or function of) 例:acting as a mediator.充当调解人 2.以相似的方式;如同(In a manner similar to; the same as) 例:On this issue they thought as one.在这个问题上，他们意见一致 like做介词: 像(如同)„„一样，如„„般的 后面一般都接sb. 或者sth.或者是动名词(即doing sth)。 例: It's not like you to take offense.你不象会发脾气的人 lived like royalty 过着帝王般的生活 felt like running away想要逃跑 (feel like:想要。。。。。。) 简而言之，区别就是，as是“作为”，也就是事实本来就是这样，like是“像”，事实并不是这样。比如那人本来就是个调解人，所以用as;而那个人本来不是帝王，却过着帝王般的生活，那人本来是要发脾气的只不过人家觉得他不像会发脾气的，所以用like... 很早的时候，like是形容词，表示相象、相同、类似等意;as是连接词。 Samy and Sammy are very like. Samy和Sammy长得很像。 Paul behaved as a child(does)(保罗的举止像个小孩。(句子有省略) 后来，like作为介词使用，表示像„一样;as也可以作为介词使用了。 Paul behaved like a child(保罗的举止像个小孩。(句子没有省略) 再比较: Let me speak to you as a father(让我以父亲的地位对你说说。(=I am your father and I am speaking to you in that character) Let me speak to you like a father(让我像你父亲那样对你说说。(= I am not your father but I am speaking to you in the way your father might) 再后来，有些语法学家把以往like不允许作连词使用的规则也改了，用来代替引导方式状语从句的as。 13 I can't sing like I used to do(我不能像过去那样地唱了。(指唱的音色) He writes just like his brother did when he was young(他写字的手法和他兄弟年轻时写的差不离。(指书法的风格和字型) 即使如此，like和as有时还是有些区别的。试比较: The prisoner was hanged like a murderer(这个囚徒像杀人犯那样被处以绞刑(=„as if he were a murderer)。 The prisoner was hanged as a murderer(这个犯人作为杀人犯被处以绞刑。(这个犯人就是杀人犯) as 和 like 在汉语中都译做"像",但字面下的隐含意思是不同的. like侧重A B两者间的比较,并不意味着A和B属于一类或完全相似. 例如:He speak English like an Englishman.(=in a way an Englishman speaks English.) 表示有些相象 as则侧重于同一性,意味着A B两者属于同一类或完全相似. 例如:He speaks English as an Englishman.(=as well as an English.) 表示讲得一样好 as与like是英语中常见的两个词,他们的语义和用法很多.在语义上者两个词都可以当"像......","正如......"讲,说明人与人、物与物、动作与动作、状态与状态之间的相似之处。但其语法结构却是不一样的。 一、当“像”讲时，语法结构的不同之处是: 1、as作连接词。她引导比较状语从句和方式状语从句，而且这两种从句通常为省略句。例如: 1、She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be. 2、There is as much water in this cupas in that one. 2、like作介词。例如: 3、My sister isn''t much like me. 4、The robot can''t work like man. 如果需要加强语气，再这两个词之前加上just之类的词即可。例如: 5、All the plants and animals need air just as they need water. 6、Mary goes to school at seven every morning just like her brother. 含义不同之处是: (1)like只是单纯表示比较，而且通常不是同类事物进行比较: 7、The ship looks like a high building. 8、The sky was like ink over my head. (2)as可表示同类事物比较。 9、This ship is as long as that one. 二、当“正如....”意义讲时，语法结构的不同之处是: (1)as作关系代词或关系副词、引导定于从句。 as 在这样的句子里指全句所谈到的内容，引出非限制性定于从句，在从句中一般做主语或宾语。例如: 10、Metals have many good properties, as has been stated before. 11、As we said before, you have done a good job. (2)like作介词。 12、She, like thousands of others, is fascinated by this work. 1.she is a fine girl, ____ her mother used to be. 2.It looks ____ a stone. 14 3.____ you know, he got into lots of bad habits. 4.You are just ____ what I expected. 5.He ought to do ____ I tell him. 33. a number of / the number of 1(the number of表示“„„的数量”,跟复数名词连用作主语时,中心词是number,谓语动词要用单数.例如: The number of students in our class is50(我们班学生的数量是50人. The number of pages in this book is 60(这本书有60页. 2(a number of表示“许多”,相当于 many,修饰可数名词复数.作主语时,谓语动词用复数.number前可用large,small等修饰,以表示程度.例如: A number of students are planting trees on the hill(许多学生在小山上植树. 1.There were _____ people out this afternoon. 2.Do you write down _____ my telephone? 3._____ of trees planted is never under 200 in our village every year. 4.We have lived here _____ years. 5._____ of jobless people grow in the country at present. 34. get( be ) ready / prepare / prepare for (1) get/be ready意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果。常见结构有:?get ready(for sth()?get sth. Ready ?be ready(for sth)?be ready to do(准备干某事，乐于干某事) (2) prepare意为“准备”，强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。 (3) prepare for意为“为......做准备”，for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。 prepare常见结构如下: prepare sth.(=get sth. ready) 准备某物(事); prepare sth(for sth(为„„做„„准备 prepare to do sth(准备做某事 prepare for sb./sth.(= make preparation of sb./sth) 为某事/某人做准备 ’ prepare sb(for sth. 使某人对某事有思想准备 be prepared for 和be ready for同义，准备好应付某事 都表状态，指思想上有了准备。如:Little Franz was not prepared for the master's question.小弗郎士对老师的问题没有准备。 make preparations for 与prepare for 同义，表示动作。如: 1.Mother is busy _____ us lunch in the kitchen. 2.The doctor told the nurses to ____ the operation at once. 3.We all ____ to do anything for the people. 4.Will you help me ____ the party? 5.Please _____ by seven tomorrow morning. 35. information/ news/ message information是不可数名词，意为信息，可以有information about...， news是不可数名词，意为新闻 message是可数名词，有留言的意思，如leave a message 1. I have a ____ for you from my teacher. 2.There is much new ____ in this book. 3.They were listening to the ____ over the radio 15 4.Will you take this ____ to your brother ?. 5.They have no _____ about where she has gone. 36. the same… as / the same… that the same ----- as 同-----一样 ,强调的是类型的相同。 the same ----- that 同样的，------强调的是物体本身的相同 such ----- as 作为这样的----- such ----- that 如此 --- 以至于 表“ 目的” as表示类似，that表示特指 1.The girl has ___ hair ___ her mother had. 2.He was about ___ age ____ Tom. 3.China is not ____ the country ____ she was. 4.The computer costs ______ mine. 5.He teaches English in the ____ school _____ my brother does 37. learn/ study 1. learn为“学习，学会”，侧重学习的成果，指从不知到知，从不会到会的学习，强调通过学习去获得知识和技能，它没有凭勤奋努力而获得知识的意味。learn亦可指向某人学习，从某处学习及学习一门技能等。 如 learn music, learn new words, learn to skate, learn from experience, learn from Lei Feng 2. study为“学习，研究”，强调学习的过程，指深入系统地学习，带有努力，勤奋的意味。其学习对象往往是科学，艺术和需要深入探讨，研究的问题及学科，不是单纯地获得技巧。 如:study medicine, study science, study a map, study engineering, study painting。 下列句子中的learn 和 study均不能互换: If you study hard, you\'ll learn the language well. 如果你努力学习的话，你会把这门语言学好。 He learned traditional Chinese medicine from a famous Chinese doctor. 他跟随一位著名的中国医生学习中医。 She studied late at night. 她晚上学习到很晚。 He is studying the problem of X-rays. 他正在研究X射线的问题。 3(在指某学科的“学习”时，或在不需要强调两者的区别时, learn 和study可以换用。 如: How long have you learned/ studied Japanese? 你学习日语有多久了, We must keep on learning/ studying if we do not want to lag behind the times. 如果我们不想落在时代后面的话，就必须不断学习。 1.She is ____ to drive a car. 2.The subject he ____ was chemistry. 3.Why don?t you _____ from my mistakes? 4.- What is he ___here? – Law. He is a law student. 5.The old and the young should __from each other. 38. but/ however/ while but〒口语常用词,语气较强,泛指与前述情况相反. 16 however〒表转折关系,语气稍弱于but,连接性也弱一些,因而常作插入语. still〒语气强,多用于肯定句或疑问句.指尽管作出让步,采取措施或表示反对,但情况仍然如故,无所改变. yet〒常用于否定句,语气比still稍强.指不管作出多大努力或让步,仍达不到预期的结果. nevertheless〒指尽管作出完全让步,也不会发生任何影响. while〒表对比,一般可与whereas换用,但程度弱一些. whereas〒表对比,一般可与while互换. 1.I like the film, _____ I have no time to see it. 2. It?s raining hard. ____ , I think we should go out. 3. He said that it was so; he was mistaken _____. 4. She listened to me closely ____ he read something. 39. for example/ such as for example一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末;such as常列举同类人或物中的几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on连用，可分开使用such(((as(((;like表示列举，可和such as互换。 1. He, ____ , is a good teacher. 2. I know many students of your school, Wang Hong, ____. 3. He can speak five foreign languages, _____ German and French. 4. He knows several languages, _____ , he knows English and Japanese. 5. Boys ____ John and James are very friendly. 40. answer/ reply reply在句中用作不及物动词，作“回答”解，常用reply to sb/sth，表示“对„„作出回答”，作及物动词时，是“答道”，“回答说”的意思，后跟直接引语或宾语从句。作名词时，作“回答”、“回信”、“答复”解，例如: She cried, but didn’t reply.她哭了，但不回答。 Please reply to my question at once.请立刻回答我的问题。 “Certainly, not ”she replied.“当然不行”她答道。 He replied that he didn’t know the secret.他回答说，他不知道这个秘密。 She didn’t lift her head, and made no reply.她头也不抬，也不回答。 answer和reply都可用作及物动词，作“回答”解，但answer可跟名词作宾语而reply只能跟直接引语或宾语从句，如跟名词，reply后须加to。例如: Can you answer my question ?你能回答我的问题吗,(也可说Can you reply to my question?) respond: (1) vi. (以口头) 回答 (2) vi. [对„]回答[to] [例句] respond to a toast [speech of welcome] 对干杯 [欢迎词] 致谢辞 [答谢] The wireless calls were soon responded to. 对无线电的呼叫不久有了回答。 (3) vi. [对于„] (以动作) 响应,回敬[to][with, by] 17 [例句] Bob responded to his insult with a blow [by giving him a blow]. 对于他的侮辱鲍伯回敬以 [给他] 一拳。 (4) vi. [对刺激等] 反应[to] [例句] Nerves respond to a stimulus. 神经对刺激会反应。 The plane responds well (to the controls). 这架飞机对操纵装置反应灵敏。 (5) vi. <病、受伤处等> [对治疗、药物等] 表现良好的反应[to] [例句] The disease responds to the new drug. 这个病对新药表现良好的反应。 (6) vi. 【基督教】 <会众> 对牧师唱和 (7) vt. 回答说„; 唱和 [例句] "I cannot come, either." she responded. 她回答说 :【我也不能去 】。 (8) vt. 回答说„ [例句] He responded that he wouldn't go. 他回答说他不去。 1. She failed to ____ to my question. 2. _____ my question in English, please. 3. We haven?t ____ to his letter yet. 4. None of us knew the ____ to the problem. 41. That is( was ) because../ That is ( was ) why… that is why后面跟的是结果,译为:“那是(为什么).的原因” 例如:Tom overslept this morning.That is why he was late for work. 汤姆今天早晨睡过头了.那是他上班迟到的原因. that is because后面跟的是原因,译为:“那是因为.” 例如:Tom was late for work this morning.That is because he overslept. 汤姆今天早晨上班迟到了.那是因为他睡过头了. 1. It was a long way and we wanted to come back on the same day. _____ we started to so early. 2. You have failed again this time. _____ you are proud. 3. Tom is ill. ____ he hasn?t come today. 4. Tom is ill. _____ he wore too little yesterday. 5. He was late. ____ his teacher got angry. 42. near/ close 1.两者均可以用作形容词和副词,表示时间、距离或程度上的接近,含义大致相同(只是 close 比 near 表示得更为接近).如: John lives near [close] by.约翰就住在附近. The school is near [close] to the shop.学校离商店很近. 2.near 可用作介词,而 close 一般不这样用(若用 close 则要加 to).如: They live near [near to,close to] the school.他们住在学校附近. 18 3.在某些习语中,两者不可混用.如: the near future 不久的将来 far and near 到处 in the near distance 在不远处 a close friend 密友 close relations 近亲 1. The school is ____ to my house. 2. the post office is quite ____. 3. Children?s Day is quite ____. 4. He stood on the ____ bank of the river. 5. He is one of my ___ friends. 43. on fire/ on the fire 一、on fire ?表示“起火，失火”的意思时 例句:Thoes houses are on fire.(那些房子着火了。) ?表示“充满热情、情绪激昂、狂热、盛怒”的意思时 例句:Look at that band, they are on fire.(看那个乐队，他们激情昂扬。) 二、on the fire ?字面上的意思，表示“在火上” 例句:He puts that pot on the fire.(他把锅放在火上。) ?(美国俚语)“在考虑中、在准备中”，表示悬而未决的状态 例句:Your application for the job is still on the fire.(你对这份工作的申请正在审议中。) 1. The house is ___. Please call the firefighters. 2. In the ancient time, people used to cook whole animals _____. 3. Don?t put your clothes ____. It?s dangerous. 4. I don?t know who set the house ______. 5. Look out! The pan is ____ . 44. alive/ living/ live alive/living/live/lively/lovely 区别: 1)lovely意“可爱的”，“美好的”如:a lovely day 美好的一天 a lovely girl 可爱的女孩 2)alive 意为“活着的、有活力的”,是表语形容词，可修饰人、物;在句中做表语宾补和或后置定词，不能用作前置定语。 3)living 意为“活着的、有生命的”，主要用于作前置定语及冠词the 之后表示一类人，也可用作表语，可修饰人或物。如: a living plant 活的植物 all living things 所有生物 the living 在世者，活着的人们 4)live [laiv] 19 (1)(动、植物)“活的”，“有生命的”，“活生生的，主要用来说鸟或其它动物，作前置定语;如:a live fish一条活鱼 a live tiger 一只活老虎 (2)实况的，现场直播的;如:a live report现场报道 a live show/broadcast/TV program现场转播的表演/实况广播/现场直播的电视节目 living有精神的，活泼的，快活的，轻快的 5)lively 意为“活泼的”，“有生气的”, “生动的” “生动的”，可用作表语、定语，指人或物。如:a lively child 活泼的孩子 a lively description 生动的描述如:a lively mind 活跃的头脑 a lively discussion 热烈的讨论 1. Who is the greatest man ____? 2. My brother bought a ___ fish? 3. The ____ people are more important than the dead. 4. The badly wounded soldier was unconscious but still _____. 5. When we found him ten days later, he was still ______. 45. greatly/ very / much very修饰形容词祸副词，而much修饰动作意义很强的-ed分词，但有些-ed分词，如interested,tired ,frightened,pleased,surprised等优势已失去动作意义而转化为普通形容词，故通常用very修饰。much可修饰副词too，但very不能。 greatly相当于very much，用于动词或分词前各举一例说明:用于动词前:greatly appreaciate sb/sth/clause/...对...不胜感激 分词前:an greatly increased risk被大大提高了的风险... very作副词用时多放于形容词前，它也可作形容词用，意为正是的，恰好的，比如He's the very one I saw yesterday.他正是我昨天见到的那个人 1. Since then the number of milu deer there was ___ increased. 2. I think he is ____ old. 3. Now it is ____ easier to make plans for our trips. 4. I don’t ___ like it. 5. He is ___ too busy. 46. cost/ spend/ take/ pay 一、take主要指花费时间; 1.常用句型为:It takes /took sb some time to do sth.某人花费多少时间做某事 在此结构中，it是形式主语，不定式为真正主语 2.take的主语也可以是某种活动，其后可接双宾语 二、cost花费金钱，主语只能是物，而不能是人 常用句型为:sth cost (sb )some money 注意cost后如加人要用宾格 三、spend花费时间/金钱，主语只能是人 常用句型为:sb spend +钱/时间 on sth 某人在某事上花费时间/金钱 sb spend 钱/时间(in) doing sth 某人在做某事上花费时间/金钱 四、pay花费金钱，主语只能是人 常用句型为:sb pay 钱for sth 某人为某事而付款 1. It ___ us two hours to clean the room. 2. I ___ a lot of money on books every year. 20 3. the clothes ___ me 200 yuan. 4. Her sister ___ 200 yuan for that dress. 5. I?m ____ a lot more time in writing English than before. 47. wear/ put on / have on / dress put on (强调穿的动作)穿上,戴上; He put on his best clothes for the party.为参加晚会他穿上了最好的衣服. 一言未发走出了办He put on his hat and went out of the office without a word.他戴上帽子,公室. wear(强调状态)穿着;戴着;佩着 he was wearing a dark suit.他穿着深色套装. firemen wearing breathing apparatus.戴着防毒面具的消防员. be in强调状态(多指颜色等) The little girl is in red?那个小女孩穿着红色的衣服. have...on 穿着,戴着(表穿的状态) Mary had on her new dress.玛丽穿着一件新连衣裙. Do you have time on?你戴着表吗? dress V.穿衣,更衣: Graham showered and dressed quickly.格雷厄姆快速地淋浴换衣. dress oneself 给自己穿 To dress oneself warmly.使自己穿暖和 be dressd(强调状态),穿着 .Be dressed so as to attract attention and admiration,穿著引人注目 dress up穿着正式,盛装 They all dressed up to take part in the New Year's party.他们都穿上盛装,去参加除夕晚会. 1. Do you know the girl who ____ a red skirt? 2. He often ____ a black jacket ____. 3. He _____ his coat and went out. 4. I _____ my brother every morning. 5. she is ____ in a new dress. 48. job/ work 两者作名词用，都可意为“工作”，但二者的用法有区别: job指具体的职业或零工，是可数名词，复数为jobs. 例如:I heard you had changed jobs. 我听说你换了几个工作。 work指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动，是不可数名词。“一件工作”用“a piece of work”。 例如:I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有许多工作要做。 注:works是“著作，作品，工厂”的意思。 1. I have a lot of ____ to do today. 2. They are hard at _____. 3. He has a ____ as a teacher. 4. I always take a ____ in my holiday. 5. Something is wrong with the _____ of my watch. 49. included/ including 21 1. include是动词，可以在句中充当谓语。 如楼主第一个例句:The price【主语】 for the hotel 【(修饰主语的后置)定语】 includes【谓 语】 breakfast【宾语】. 2. 而including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当做介词使用， 和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括...在内”。 如楼主的第二个例句:There are many different kinds of moon cakes including fruit,coffee and ice. 再如:There are 40 students in the classroom, including me. 3. 同样，included也有介词用法，且:including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included. 所以上个例句亦可写成:There are 40 students in the classroom, me included. 1. Their names are -_____ in the list. 2. There are a lot of names in the list, ___ his name. 3. There are a lot of names in the list, his name ___. 4. The rent is 4 yuan a month ____ water and electricity. 5. The price ______ postage then. 50. how many times/ how soon / how often / how long how long,how often,how soon三者都可以译成“多久”.how long用来提问“多长时间”,对“一 段时间的长短”提问时用,与延续性动词连用;how often用来提问某动作或状态发生的频率,对 “一段时间内发生了几次活动”(always,usually,often,never或twice a day等表示频度的词或短 语)提问时用;how soon用来提问某人要“多快”能做好某事,或某事要“多快”能完成,对“过 多少时间(就能„„)”(in短语)提问时用,常用于将来时.而how far意思是“多远”,对距离 提问时用.而how many times是多少次，这个是问频率,所以是how often 1. I don?t know _____ this will take. 2. I wonder ____ he will come. 3. “ ____ have you been to Beijing?” “ 4 times.” 4. _ _____ do the American people elect a president? _ Every four years. 5. _____ is the longest river? 51. mainly/ mostly mostly 是全部中的大部分.1.主要强调时间. 如本题...2.强调主要的场合.如,Green teas are mostly from China or Japan.. 3强调一组人员的大部分成员. 如.There were about fifteen people in the lounge , mostly women在这个意义上相当于mainly. *mainly 一般强调1.主要成分或主要组成部分.如:This kind of drink is mainly made of water and sugar.这一意义和mostly相同如,the workforce is mainly/mostly made up of women);2.强调某事发 生的主要原因或对某事解释的主要理由.如.I don’t go out much, mainly because I have to look after the kids. /Her illness was caused mainly by stress. 1. She is _____ out on Sundays. 2. She uses her car _____ for her job. 3. The audience consisted ____ of educated young people. 4. All of you have made mistakes, but you are ____ to be blamed. 5. He depended ____ on his father to finish his education. 52. feel like/ would like would like表示愿望,希望,或者是客气或委婉的语气.表示愿望,I would like to have a lot money.我 希望有很多钱.表示委婉,I would like to order a main course.我想点正餐. 22 want相当于汉语的“想”或“想要”,后面可以接名次或动词.I want an ice cream.我想要一个冰激凌.I want to go home.我想回家. feel like表示说话间或一时之间想要做的事情,有时候相当于汉语的“心血来潮”.比如,I feel like going shopping.我忽然想去逛街买东西. 1. I don?t ____ walking very much today. 2. I _____ to have dinner with you. 3. What ___ you ____ to do now? 4. Do you ____ having something to eat? 5. I ____ a walk after supper. 53. across/ through 1、首先是词性的区别:across为介词，而cross为动词。 (动词为“穿过，横穿”，名词为“十字，十字路口”) 2、当然across必须与through 区别开来。across为“横穿”，与“道路”交叉形成“十字”。而through为在立体空间中的“穿过”。如:go through the forest“穿过森林”，go across the street “穿过大街” through表示“贯通、直穿、透过、穿过”的意思，即是从一头(边)贯穿到另一头(边)。 例The river runs through our city.这条河流经我们市。 He passed through the hall. 他穿过大厅 across表示“横穿、横过、横渡、横跨” 1. Look around when you walk _____ the street. 2. She drove straight ____ the town. 3. There is no bridge ____ the river. 4. Water flows ___ this pipe. 5. The river is 10 metres ____. 54. accept/ receive 1)accept用作动词，意为“接受”，指经过考虑，由主观意志来决定接受，动作者本身是主动的。例如: He couldn't accept our suggestions but our gifts.他们不能接受我们建议但接受了我们的礼品。 She was very glad to accept the invitation.她非常愉快地接受了邀请。 2)receive也是作动词，意为“接到”，指收到某物这一动作，本身有一定的被动性，不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。 1. I ____ his letter yesterday. 2. He didn?t ____ my suggestion. 3. We shall ____ you as a friend. 4. I?ve ___ an invitation to the ball, but I can?t __it because I don?t know whether I?ll be able to attend.. 5. she ___ a good education. 55. provide… for / provide… with 这两个汉语意思相同，不同之处在于【宾语不同】: provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物;提供什么东西给某人;提供某人某物 provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb 向某人提供某物。 1. They provided us ___ all the books we need. 2. The school provided food ___ the students. 3. We are provided ___ everything we need for work. 4. The manager of the guest house provides everything ____ the guests. 23 5. Can you provide me ____ a room for the night? 56. right away/ right now/ just now a moment ago=just now，刚刚， 刚才 just then “刚才”= just now right now 立刻 at the moment 那时 At the moment he was busy preparing his lessons.那时,他正忙于准备功课 later on 后来，以后 at once意思是立刻 just now 表示“刚刚,刚才”,同义词是:a moment ago,通常与一般过去时连用.比如: Did you see a mobile phone just now?刚才你看见一部手机了吗? right now 表示“现在,马上,立刻”,通常与一般现在时和现在进行时连用.同义词有:now,at present,right away.比如: We are looking at our Syria policy right now.我们目前正在研究对叙利亚的政策. That is a practical problem right now.“这是当前的一个现实问题”. right away 表示“立即,马上,立刻”.同义词有:at once,immediately,通常与一般将来时和一般现在时连用,比如: I need to see the doctor right away.我必须立刻看医生. OK.I'll do right away.好的,我马上就做. 1. We must be off ___ . It?s eight already. 2. She is cooking her meals __. 3. Don?t talk about this ____. 4. He was here ____ . 5. Do it _____. 57. compare/ compare… with / compare… to 两者都是正确的英文表达，不过compare to比较的是不同类的事物，试图找出共同点;而compare with比较的是同类的事物，目的是找出不同之处。 Compare:比较，对照 1. If you ____ these two words, you can tell the difference between them. 2. Please _____ this word ____ that one and tell me the difference. 2. We usually _____ children ____ flowers of the motherland. 58. country / nation/ state/ land country 强调的是国土，包括陆地和海洋 state 强调的是政治概念，指国家政权 nation 强调的是一国的人民，有民族的概念 land 土地，仅包括陆地面积 earth 指大地，泥土，区别于岩石 ground 指大地的表面 24 land 指陆地，区别于江河湖海 soil 指富有有机物的，易于耕种的土壤 1. How many ____ are there in the world? 2. All the natural resources are managed by the ____. 3. Trade between _____ in better than war. 4. He was forced to leave his native _____. 59. one another/ each other 1. 一般认为 each other 指两者，other another指三者或三者以上。但在实际运用中，这两个短语 常可互换: We respect each other [one another]. 我们互相尊重 (对方)。 The sea and the sky seemto melt into one another [each other]. 大海和蓝天似乎融为一体。 2. 两者均有所有格: They know each other?s [one another?s] weak points. 他们都彼此了解对方的缺点。 3. each other 可折开用 (each…the other)，而 one another则不能: We helped each other. ,We each helped the other. 我们互相帮助。 4. 汉语的“互相”是副词，但是英语中的 each other 和 oneanother均为代词，因此在及物动词之后 可直接用作宾语 (如help eachother);而在不及物动词之后，则要借助介词 (如talk to each other, learn from one another 等)。 5. 这两个短语均不能用作主语: 正:We each know what the other thinks. 误:We know what each other [one another] thinks. 正因为不能用作主语，所以用它们作宾语的句子不能改为被动语态。 1. The two sisters were caught in a strong storm. They encouraged ____ all the way. 2. All the students in our class should help ____. 3. All of us didn?t accept _____ opinion. 60. custom/ habit custom更多指风俗人情 It's a custom to get togehter on X-mas Eve. habit指个人习惯 We should't fall into bad habbits. hobby业余爱好 1.He has formed the ____ of smoking after meals. 2. It is the ____ in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival. 3. He has fallen into the _____ of getting up late. 4. They broke some of the old _____. 61. care for / care about 1、Care for 25 (1)like;=be fond of 喜爱 =be willing to do sth=wish to do sth= like to do sth(常用于否定句及疑问句，尤其与would连用更常见) 1)She doesn't care for that colour(她不喜欢那种颜色。 2)She did not care for him(她不喜欢他。 (2)take care of;look after 照顾 (1)As an orphan，he is cared for by the local authorities(他是个孤儿，受到当地政府的照顾。 (2)He spent years caring for his sick mother(他数年中一直在照顾生病的母亲。 (3)I do care for what my teacher says(我的确尊重老师说的话。 (4)Would you care for a drink? (5)Would you care to go for a walk? 2、care about v. 担心 接近be worried, be concerned or interested 指:忧虑、担心、关心、惦念 例句: Do not you care about anybody? 你难道谁也不关心吗, I really care about my work. 我真的关心我的工作。 Don't you care about anybody? 你难道谁也不关心吗, Don?t you care about our country?s future? All she cares about is her social life. I don?t think he cares (about) what happens to her children. He failed the exam but he didn?t seem to care. 3.care about和care for在表示“关心，担心，”等意思的时候，用法是一样的，基本可以通用。 如，Don't care about/for me.别担心我。You needn't care for/about his safety.你不必为他的安全担心。 4. 在表示“介意，计较”等意思的时候，要用care about，后面一般接表示事物的词。 如，He doesn't care about his clothes.他不讲究衣着。 I don't much care about going.我不太想去。 5.在表示“关怀，照顾”/“愿意...”等意思的时候，要用care for. 如，We must care for the younger generation.我们必须关怀年青的一代。 Would you care for a walk after supper?晚饭后去散散步好吗, 6.在表示“喜欢，愿意，想望”等意思的时候，要用care to do . 即care后面接动词不定式。 如，I don't care to go there.我不愿到那里去。 1. He doesn?t ______ his clothes. 2. I don?t _____ going. 4. I don?t _____ movies. 5. Who will ____ your children when your when you are away? 62. one / that / the one. 1.it,one ,that三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词.一般说来,it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物. I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it.(该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella) I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one.(one在该句中表泛指,因为my umbrella已经丢了) 26 The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought.(替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”,以区别“the umbrella you bought”) 2.one与that虽可用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于a,an，名词; that为特指,相当于the ，名词.所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a,an ,some ,any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ,this ,that. A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.(该句中one可以换成a chair) The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot.(该句中that可以换成 the water) 3.one只能代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用 those.I like this pen more than that one.(one代替可数名词单数pen) There were a few young people and some older ones in the house.(ones代替可数名词复数people) Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter.(that代替不可数名词 handwriting) These pictures are more beautiful than those.(those代替可数名词复数 pictures) 4.one既可代替事物,也可代替人,that只能代替事物而不能代替人.有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those. The one ,That on the table is mine.(该句中The one代替事物,并且也可以用That) He is the teacher,the one who is loved by the students.(该句中the one代替人,不能用that) He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads,the ones ,those that had the best color.(该句中the ones代替事物,并且也可以用those) 5.one一般有前置修饰语,有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语.而 that不能有前置修饰语,但可有后置修饰语. Cook was a strict but good captain,one who took good care of his sailors.The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river. 6.it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等,充当形式主语或形式宾语.one与that均无此用法. It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month. I found it hard to get on with her. 7.it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容,而one ,ones则不可以.He has saved my life; I'll never forget it.(it代替第一分句) 1. His attitude to me was ___ of a comrade. 2. I?m looking for a house and I like ___ with a garden. 3. The white horse is a stronger than the black ____. 4. I like this book better than ___ I read last time. 5. The best coal is ___ from Datong. 6. He is not ___ to bow before difficulties. 63 silent/ quiet/ still 这四个词均可表示“静”，区别如下: 1. quiet 表示“安静的”、“寂静的”。指物时，表示没有喧闹或没有骚动，处于一种静止的状态或宁静的环境;指人时，表示不发出声音或不发表意见，也可指人的性格温和、文静、不易激动等。如: 27 Mary is a quiet girl. 玛丽是个文静的姑娘。 Can?t you keep the children quiet? 你能不能让孩子们静一静, He lives a quiet life in the country. 他在乡下过着悠闲的生活。 2. silent 着重指沉默无语或没有声音，但不一定指没有动作或活动，如 a silent film 指无声电影，a silent machine 指没有噪音的机器，read silently 指默读，等等。再如: Why are you so silent? 你为什么沉默不语, You?d better keep silent about this. 你最好对此事只字不提。 3. still 主要指完全无声或完全无动作，通常用于物理上的静止，不表示心理上的平静。如: Please sit still while I take your photo. 我给你拍照时请别动。 It was very late and the night was still. 天色已晚，夜很静。 4. calm 表示的“静”主要指天气、海洋等处于一种风平浪静的状态;若用于人，则指镇静或不慌张。如: After the storm it was calm. 暴风雨过后天气平静无风。 It is important to keep calm in an emergency. 在紧急情况下保持镇静是很重要的。 1. Be ____. The boy is asleep. 2. The girl is a ____ girl. 3. All the students kept ____ about what had happened. 4. Stand ___ while I take your photograph. 5. _____ water runs deep.. 64. very / just very / right / just ?. right “正好”“就” “立刻”等。如: ? Mike lives right opposite the street.麦克就住在街对面。 ? There’s a big stone right in the middle of the road. 路正中有块在石头。 Lily met an accident right here. 莉莉就是在这儿出事的。 ? ? She’ll be right back. 她马上就回来。 ?. Just 作为副词，常用在祈使句前以加强语气。如: ? Just think of the result. 试想一下后果吧。 ? Just touch it . 你摸摸吧。 ? Just wait a moment, please.请稍等。 ?. very 作为形容词，常与the, this或my, your等连用，以加强语气，表“正是那个”“恰好的”等。如: ? You are the very person I’m looking for. (= You are the right person ,) 你正是我要找的人。 ? The two men fought on this very spot. (= right in this place) 那两个男子就是在这个地方打起来的。 1. This is the __ book I want. 2. This is ____ the book I want. 3.The ____ moment I got off the train reminded me of the past happiness. 65. awake/ wake awake表示adj.时只能做表语,也是说只能连在be动词后面用,而不是修饰名词,即be awake (醒着的), 28 此外还有keep awake 结构,表示“让人无法入睡”,以及be awake sb to 表示“注意到”,当用作v.时,有awake to 结构,表示“使醒悟” awaken则只能用作动词,表示“激发起,使醒来”,常用结构有 awaken sb to 表示“使领悟” arouse也只能用作动词,表示“引起、激起”常用的结构有arouse from也是“唤醒”的意思 wake可作动词表示唤醒,常用的有wake up 也有wake (up) to 结构,表示“醒来是注意到”,也可做名词,短语in the wake of 有“作为...的结果(通常指不好的)”的意思,以及in sb's/sth's wake 表示“紧跟后面” waken只能做动词,是醒来的意思 1. When do you usually ___ up? 2. Is he ___ or asleep? 3. He lay __ all night. 4. They were making enough noise ___ the dead. 66. take place/ take one’s place/ take the place of take one's place:?就座/位，同take one's seat ?代替，同take the place of 2、take place “发生，举行(会议等)”，与happen一样，都为vi.，故不能用于被动语态。 give place to让位于，让座给„„ 4、in the first place 第一、首先 5、a place of interest 名胜 6、take place发生,举行 take one's place取代---人 take the place of 代替 1. Great changes _____ in my home town these years. 2. When will the sports meet _____? 3. The manager will be away for a month. Who will _____? 4. My brother is ill, and I?ve come to ____ him. 5. _____ , please. We are about to start. 67. enjoy/ be fond of/ love/ like enjoy, like, love, prefer和be fond of都可表达“喜爱”的意思，但含义和用法有所不同。 1. enjoy在意思上侧重于“享受某种乐趣”，后接名词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式。 enjoy还可以与反身代词连用，即“enjoy oneself”，表示“玩得很高兴”， enjoy oneself=have a good/great time。 have a hard/difficult time with sth.，have a hard time doing sth., “难过”、“处理……很棘手，做某事很困难”。 eg ? The man is enjoying his dinner.那个男人正津津有味地吃饭。 ? My father enjoys listening to the radio.我父亲爱听广播。 ? Did the children enjoy themselves in the park?孩子们在公园里玩得愉快吗, 2. like意为“喜欢、喜爱”，是一般用语，主要是指对某人或某物产生好感或发生兴趣， 不带有感情色彩，后面可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式作宾语。 eg ? Everyone in China likes Mid-Autumn Day.在中国，每个人都喜欢中秋节。 3. love表示“爱、热爱、爱戴”，有强烈的感情， 29 相当于like...very much，侧重于对祖国及较亲近的人的深厚感情。 在口语中它往往又指一般的喜爱，这时与like的意思很相近，可以互换。 后面也可以接名词、动名词或动词不定式。 eg ? They love playing/to play basketball.他们爱打篮球。 like和love都可与would, should连用，表示“想要做某事”。 eg ? I'd like/love to go with you.我想和你们一起去。 4. prefer意为“(比较)喜欢、宁愿”，相当于like...better，它的“喜欢”是带有选择性的， 是在比较的情况下选择出来的，其后接名词、代词、动名词或不定式。 eg ? I prefer going by bike.我宁愿骑车去。 ? He prefers to work alone.他喜欢独自工作。 prefer常用于prefer...to...结构中，意为“喜欢……而不喜欢……、宁愿……而不……”， 其中to是介词，prefer与to后都接名词或动名词。 eg ? I prefer foreign languages to maths.外语和数学相比，我更喜欢外语。 ? He prefers doing to talking.他喜欢做而不喜欢说。 5. be fond of意思是“喜欢;爱好”，语意比like强，但比love弱，其后不能接不定式。 eg ? He is fond of reading.他爱好读书。 6. go in for 爱好，对……感兴趣;参加，从事于 eg ? More and more people are going in for table tennis.爱打乒乓的人越来越多了。 ? Over a thousand students went in for this examination.参加这次考试的学生有一千多名 1. I?ve ______ talking about the past life with you. 2. She _____ white. 3. I ____ watching TV after supper, but I?d __ to read newspapers instead this evening. 4. The Bible tells us to ___ all men.. 68. by / with/ under By是个很常用的介词(有时也用作副词)，在初中英语中的用法有以下几种: 1(意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖边画画儿。 2(意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲, 3(表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如: The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing. 猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy?s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph. 孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4(表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。 5(表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如: What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6(和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。如: 30 I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7(用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。(即“许多人讲英语。”) 8(组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”，常做插入语。如: By the way , where?s Li Ping , do you know? 顺便问一下，李平在哪儿。你知道吗, 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如: I can?t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后，越来越多的人开始学英语 了。 WITH 用法总结 1.表共同,伴随--与...(一起),带着... 2.表属性,所有--有...的,...的.表此用法时:WITH常用关系代词+HAVE代替 3.表手段,工具--以....,用... 4.表材料--用...,以... 5.表一致--与...(符合) 6.表赞成--赞成... 7.表结合--偕同...,连同... 8.表比例--配合...,随着... 9.表对象--对于...,表此用法时,多半与表感情的形容词或当形容词用的动词过去分词连用 EG.CONTENT WITH ONE'S JOB 10.表对立,敌对--跟...,对... 11.表原因,理由--为...,因...,表此用法时多半与表情绪的词连用 EG.JUMP WITH EXCITEMENT 12.表同时,经过--随着...,与..一起 13.表连结--与...,给.. 14.表委托--委任 15.表样子,做法--以...,以...方法 16.附带状况--...着,表此用法时与名词+副词(短语),形容词(短语)连用,且 WITH 常可省. under的常见用法: 1.介词 prep. 在„之下，在„的下面 below,at or to a lower place ? They stood under a big tree. 他们站在一棵大树下。 ? The boat sailed under the bridge. 船在桥下行驶。 ? He was carrying the bag under his arm. 他胳臂下夹着那个包。 ? Man cannot breathe under water. 人不能在水下呼吸。 2.介词 prep. 小于，少于;不满 31 less than something ? He is still under twenty. 他还不到二十岁。 ? Children under three years old are free. 未满三岁的儿童免费。 ? He won't sell under ,1,000. 少于一千镑他不肯卖。 3.介词 prep. 在„过程中 in course of ? It is still under discussion. (建议)还在讨论。 ? The dam is under construction. 大坝在建设中。 ? The building is under construction. 大楼正在建造中。 1. Ants “talk” a great deal ___ this means. 2. ___ the help of our teacher, we have made rapid progress in English. 3. He went home ___ my permission. 4. ____ the direction of his mother, Tom wrote an excellent article. 5. We have won one victory after another ___ the Party?s leadership. 69. pleasant/ pleased/ pleasure/ please pleasure:名词 高兴 例如-Thank you!-It's my pleasure(我的荣幸) pleased 高兴地 形容词 例如 be pleased with sb/sth(对„„满意)My mother is not pleased with my study. pleasant 形容词 令人愉快的,令人舒服的 a pleasant trip 令人愉快的旅行 pleasing 形容词 有一种取悦于人的感觉 1. It?s difficult to _____ everyone. 2. Come in, _____. 3. Are you ___ with your new clothes? 4. Did you have a ___ journey home? 5. It gave me much ____ to hear of your success. 32