出生缺陷预防试题

出生缺陷预防试题 一:单选题 1. 出生缺陷是出生时即存在的结构和功能的异常，以下是出生缺陷的是: a A.身体某些部位或器官，如头颅、眼睛、心脏等结构或功能与正常的孩子不一样 B.发生新生儿黄疸和肺炎 C.背部及臀部有胎记 2. 出生缺陷的产生与__c_______和环境因素有关，或者由于两者相互作用而发生。 环境因素包括物理因素、生物因素、化学物质及营养因素等。 A.夫妇文化程度 B.孩子出生后体质 C.遗传因素 3. 出生缺陷一级预防的主要内容是:教育和指导___c______的夫妇，选择最佳生育年龄、 接受遗传咨询、均衡营养、避免接触放射线和有毒有害物质、预防感染、谨慎用药、戒 烟戒酒等，预防出生缺陷的发生。 A.孕中期和晚期 B.产褥期 C.孕前和孕早期 4. 出生缺陷二级预防的主要内容是:指导孕妇在___b______接受产前筛查和产前诊断，识 别胎儿是否存在出生缺陷，早期发现，早期干预，减少出生缺陷儿的出生。 A.孕前 B.孕期 C.产后 5. 出生缺陷三级预防是对_____c____给予治疗和康复训练，避免或减轻致残，提高患儿生 活质量。 A.孕妇 B.胎儿 C.出生缺陷儿 6. 下面那项不属于婚前医学检查范围:d A. 严重遗传病 B. 指定传染病 C. 有关精神病 D. 心理健康问题 7. 无脑畸形和脊柱裂是常见的神经管畸形。发生神经管畸形主要原因之一是_____b____。 A.孕妇经常接触农药 B.孕妇体内缺少“叶酸” C.妇女在怀孕时受到惊吓 8. 神经管畸形的主要产前检测:a A. B超检测 B. X线检测 C. CT检测 9. 在神经管畸形高发地区，妇女在怀孕时，要在怀孕前3个月到怀孕后3个月补充小 剂量__b_______，可以减少神经管畸形的发生风险。 A.碘剂 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet B.叶酸 C.钙片 10. 人类的染色体是存在于细胞核中的棒状结构物，其结构和数目都是固定的。胚胎孕育过 程中，胎儿染色体数目或结构发生改变而引起的先天性疾病被称为____c_____。 A.弓形体病 B.性病 C.染色体病 11. “唐氏综合征”患儿每个细胞内都多一条染色体，是一种高发的__b_______。患儿智力 低下，生活不能自理，给家庭和社会带来沉重负担。 A(呼吸系统疾病 B(先天性疾病 C(传染病 12. 育龄妇女最好不要35岁以后再怀孕生育, 其主要原因是_____a____。 A.孕育“唐氏综合征”患儿的风险随着年龄的增加而升高 B.35岁以后的孕妇大多数孕育女孩 C.35岁以后生孩子，难以恢复正常体型 13. 地中海贫血是一种常染色体隐性遗传病，在我国广东、广西等地高发，严重的地中海贫 血患儿____b_____。所以，在地中海贫血高发地区，夫妻应在孕前进行相关基因检测， 发现高风险人群，采取相应干预措施，可以有效降低地中海贫血的发生。 A.会出现眼疾，终生影响视力 B.可胎死宫内或出生后数小时死亡，存活患儿出生后终生需要不断输血维持生命 C.补充铁剂，即可正常成长发育 14. 先天性心脏病是最常见的出生缺陷之一，其发生与环境因素和遗传因素有关。先天性心 ____。 脏病患儿出生后，_____b A.反正也治不好，顺其自然吧 B.要尽早去医院检查，明确心脏畸形的性质和程度，决定适合患儿手术的年龄 C.要多吃蔬菜水果加强营养，可以自愈 15. 唇腭裂是我国高发的出生缺陷。 患有唇腭裂的孩子，幼时无法吸吮，喂养困难，一岁后语言功能发生障碍，对这些孩子______c___。 A.没有医治 B.不用医治，长大后自然会愈合 C.要尽早手术修复，治疗效果极佳，越早治疗越好 16. 生育过先天残疾患儿的父母，再次生育出生缺陷儿的风险较高。这些夫妇计划再次怀孕 时，应该____a_____。 A.进行孕前遗传咨询 B.顺其自然 C.多看漂亮宝宝的图片 17. 男方本人与姨家的表妹属三代以内的旁系血亲，由于两人相同基因较多，结婚后隐性遗 传病发病率增加，按照《婚姻法》规定，两人___b______，这样将大大降低先天性遗传 病的发生风险。 A.可以结婚，不可以生育 B.禁止结婚 C.可以结婚、生育 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 18. 妇女妊娠时，工作环境中的有害因素可以影响胎儿的正常发育。因此，从事____a_____ 职业的妇女在计划怀孕前应该调离工作岗位。 A.经常接触铅、镉、汞等金属和化学制剂 B.文秘 C.教师 19. 农药可通过呼吸或皮肤接触进入母体，再由母体进入胎儿体内，其所含有毒物质会影响 胚胎正常生长发育，甚至导致胎儿畸形、流产、早产或死胎。因此，妇女____a_____ 最好避免接触农药。 A.孕前和孕期 B.未婚女性 C.成年人 20. 计划怀孕夫妇应该避免接触放射线和铅、汞、苯、农药等有毒有害物质，合理营养，预 防感染， _____b____，戒烟戒酒，远离宠物，适量运动，为孕育胎儿创造良好的身心 环境。 A.常规用药 B.谨慎用药 C.不能用药 21. 怀孕后5—8周是胚胎细胞最易致畸的时期，一般孕妇发觉怀孕到医院进行首次孕期检 查时已经过了这一时期。因此，预防出生缺陷，生育健康宝宝应提倡___a______。 A.从孕前开始 B.从孕期开始 C.从产后开始 22. 有习惯性流产史的夫妇，再次怀孕前应进行遗传咨询。出现不明原因习惯性流产的夫妇 双方应做____b_____。 A.常规体检 B.染色体检查 C.B超检查 23. 孕妇要谨慎用药，_____a____是胎儿对药物最敏感的时期。这个时期胎儿主要器官正在 形成，受到药物干扰时，最容易出现先天畸形。 A(怀孕头3个月 B(怀孕中期 C(怀孕最后3个月 24. 妇女怀孕时患了肺炎、胃炎等疾病，出现发烧、咳嗽、肚子痛，应该___b______，确保 孕妇和胎儿健康。 A.根据自己的习惯到药店买点药吃 B.及时去看医生并讲明自己已经怀孕， 在医生的指导下谨慎用药 C.无论如何都不能吃药 25. 产前筛查是指通过检验孕妇血液中某些特异性指标或应用B超等医学手段，在 ____a_____对胎儿是否存在出生缺陷进行筛查，如果筛查结果为高风险，还需要做产前 诊断。 A.孕早期或孕中期 B.分娩前 C.产褥期 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 26. 夫妻双方为α地中海贫血携带者，前来咨询，其后代为重型α地中海贫血的几率为:a A.1/2 B.1/4 C.1/3 27. 丈夫为G6PD缺乏征患者，妻子为G6PD缺乏症携带者，其后代若为儿子，则其患G6PD 缺乏症的几率为:a A.1/2 B.1/4 C.不可能是G6PD缺乏症者 28. 重型地中海贫血是可以预防的，你认为最有效的预防方法是:b A.服药 B.接受筛查，必要时候产前诊断，患胎终止妊娠 C.输血 29. 夫妇双方如果一方患G6PD缺乏症，为预防新生儿溶血应:c A.产前诊断 B.剖宫产 C.孕晚期用药，新生儿指导用药 30. 预防生育“唐氏综合症患儿”，最有效的方法:c A.服药 B.剖宫产 C.孕期筛查，高危者产前诊断明确后终止妊娠 心脏畸形筛查的最佳时间:a A.18,22周 B.28,32周 C.7,9周 31. 为防止唐氏综合征的发生，常规建议孕妇在__b_______周进行血清学筛查 A.28,32周 ，6B.14,20周 C.7,9周 二、多选题: 1. 出生缺陷干预的方法:ABCDE A.婚前检查 B.遗传咨询 C.病因预防 D.人群筛查 F.对缺陷进行必要的治疗，减轻致残的严重程度 2. 需要遗传咨询的对象BCEF A.新婚夫妇 B.?35岁高龄孕妇 C.畸形分娩史者 D.人工流产1次的孕妇 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet E.孕早期有风疹病毒感染的孕妇 F. 表兄妹结婚者 3. 按照临床分类，出生缺陷包括:ABDE A.畸形 B.变形 C.综合征 D.损害 E.发育不良 F.新婚夫妇 G.非典型分化 4. 遗传咨询必须遵循的原则包括:ACEF A.准确诊断 B.指令性咨询 C.关心个人 D.夫妇一方参加咨询即可 E.预约随访 F.保密原则 三、判断题 1. G6PD缺乏症者感冒后可以自己去药店买药吃。× 2. 夫妻一方为G6PD缺乏症者需要产前诊断。× 3. 夫妻双方是地中海贫血携带者需要产前诊断。× 4. 生育过唐氏患儿的妇女下一次怀孕时需要进行产前诊断。? 5. 夫妻双方同为ß地中海贫血，每生育4个小孩就有一个小孩患有重型地中海贫血。× 6. 为了防止神经管畸形发生，大量的补充叶酸片。× 7. 出生缺陷是指遗传性疾病。× 答案: 一 单选题: 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.A 24.B 25.A 26.A 27. A 28.B 29.C 30C 31.A 32.B 二、多选题 1.ABCDE 2.BCEF 3. ABDE 4.ACEF 三、判断题 1(×)2(×)3(×)4(?)5(×)6(×)7(×) for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet