英语英标
(二)教国际音标
目的:让学生系统、熟练地掌握英语音标。这个掌握,就是要达到能读、能默写,为后面学单词时随时用,随时拿得出作准备。
教学时间:两周
教学过程:
1、元音
(1)单元音:?,Q,,C,,E,,i,,u,,e,与汉语单韵母对照 ?,a:,,C:,,E:,,i:,,u:,,A,
a o e i u ü
说明:先读汉语单韵母,并注意排序,再利用这个排序记英语单元音,易记。 (2)双元音:?,ai,,ei,,au,,Eu,(,ju:,)与汉语复韵母对照:ai ei ui ao ou iu
?,iE,,ZE,,uE,
?,Ci,
说明:根据汉语复韵母排序来记双元音第?组,英语中无ui;,au,与ao, ,Eu,与ou的写法不同;,ju:/是双元音。第?组的相同点是都带,E,,第?组只有一个,直接记就行了。
2、辅音
(1)辅音总数:,b,、,p,、,m,、,f,、,v,、,d,、,t,、,n,、,N,、,l,、,g,、,k,、,h,、,dV,、,tF,、,F,、,V,、,dz,、,ts,、,s,、,W,、 ,z,、,T,、,j,、,w,、,dr,、,tr,、,r,
与汉语拼音对照:b p m f d t n l g k h jq x zh ch sh r z s y w
说明:
?根据汉语声母排序来记英语辅音音标,汉语声母b、p、m、f、d、t、n、l、g、k、h 与英语辅音,b,、,p,、,m,、,f,、,d,、,t,、,n,、,l,、,g,、,k,、,h,基本一致;汉语声母j、q、x、zh、ch、sh、 r、z、c、s、w与英语音标,dz,、,ts,、,s,、,W,、,j,、,w,作比较;,dr,、,tr,、,r,单独记。
?汉语拼音b、p、m、f的发音比英语音标,b,、,p,、,m,、,f,多一个,E,音;j、q、x、z、c、s、r比英语音标,dF,、,tF,、,F,、,dz,、,ts,、,s,、,W,、,z,、,T,隔开一个,i,音。
(2)辅音的分类
分类一:
?清浊成对的:
清:,p,,t,,k,,f,,F,s,,W,,tF,,ts,,tr, 浊:,b,,d,,g,,v,,V,,z,,T,,dV,,dz,,dr, 说明:可用谐音记忆法记住清辅音这一组,即:婆特客,福西施,七尽垂 ,p,,t,,k,,f,,F,,W,,tF,,ts,,tr,
可理解为:婆婆有位特殊的客人,她的名字叫福西施,人不仅美,而且高,有七尺高(“垂”理解为“高”)。
?单干户(即不成对的辅音)
,m,,n,,N,,l,
,r,,h,,j,,w,
记成:三个鼻音(,m,、,n,、,N,)、,l,、,r,和(即,h,),j,、,w,
分类二:
(1),p,,b,,t,,d,,g,,k,,f,
,v,,F,,V,,s,,z,,W,,T,,r,,h,
,tF,,dV,,ts,,dz,,tr,,dr,
记成:爆破、摩擦、破擦、前3对、中5对(添上,r,、,h,)、后3对 (2),m,,n,,N,,l,,j,,w,
记成:三个鼻音,一个边音(l),两个半元音(,j,、,w,) 分类三:
(1)清辅音:,p,、,t,、,k,、,f,、,F,、,s,、,W,、,tF,、,ts,、,tr,,再加上,r,、,h,,合计12个。
(2)浊辅音:,b,、,d,、,g,、,v,、,V,、,z,、,T,、,dV,、,dz,、,dr,再加上,m,、,n,、,N,、,l,、,j,、,w,合计16个。 老师讲分类:作用:1、记住清辅音,对名词变复数,动词变第三人称单数,动词的过去式的读音规则有极好的分辨作用。2、了解爆破音,对读英语的失去爆破很有帮助。
小学音标测试卷
本试卷来自 音标学习第一站 www.Yinbiao1.com 姓名 得分
一.找出下列划线部分发音不同的单词.
( )1.A.cake B.take C.nap D.wave
( )2.A.breaed B.eat C.tea D.seat
( )3.A.never B.leg C.red D.he
( )4.A.good B.too
C.book D.neighborhood
( )5.A.father B.crab C.shark D.car
( )6.A.soda B.hot C.box D.not
( )7.A.bike B.five C.my D.his
( )8.A.order B.doctor
C.boring D.corner
( )9.A.what B.water C.walk D.talk
( )10.A.go B.no C.to D.nose
( )11.A.day B.play
C.they D.Sunday
( )12.A.lot B.not C.to D.follow ( )13.A.each B.idea
C.theatre D.dear
( )14.A.flower B.follow
C.how D.brown
( )15.A.slide B.hi C.toilet D.bike ( )16.A.you B.house
C.blouse D.trousers
( )17.A.study B.puzzle
C.bus D.busy
( )18.A.find B.dining-room
C.behind D.pumpkin
( )19.A.kitchen B.sandwich
C.China D.peach ( )20.A.street B.coffee
C.meet D.see
( )21.A.toilet B.apple
C.bottle D.table
( )22.A.back B.lamp
C.parent D.have ( )23.A.pig B.together
C.garden D.swing
( )24.A.music B.telescope
C.newspaper D.maths
( )25.A.sofa B.off C.pot D.lot ( )26.A.room B.foot C.too D.food ( )27.A.teacher B.driver
C.term D.waiter
( )28.A.behind B.bedroom
C.jacket D.eleven ( )29.A.family B.camping
C.dance D.blanket ( )30.A.over B.other
C.clothes D.home
( )31.A.morning B.horse
C.door D.tomorrow ( )32.A.diamond B.around
C.elephant D.change ( )33.A.house B.blouse
C.laugh D.mouth
( )34.A.building B.child
C.children D.buscuit ( )35.A.tennis B.find
C.white D.kite ( )36.A.street B.theatre
C.triangle D.tree ( )37.A.wash B.want
C.parent D.what ( )38.A.large B.laugh
C.sofa D.vase
( )39.A.name B.lamp
C.camping D.am ( )40.A.food B.cook C.foot D.look
( )41.A.cry B.circle
C.class D.picture ( )42.A.thing B.theatre
C.bathroom D.there ( )43.A.wash. B.sure
C.shape D.square ( )44.A.on B.diamond
C.crayon D.o’clock ( )45.A.near B.heart C.tear D.Hear
本试卷来自 音标学习第一站 www.Yinbiao1.com
语音标发音规则
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
a在开音节中
[ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中
[æ] bag dad hat map black back e在开音节中
[i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中
[e] bed let pen desk yes egg i在开音节中
[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中
[i] fish big drink sit milk swim o在开音节中
[?u] those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中
[?] clock not box shop sock u在开音节中
[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中
[?]bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母读 音
例 词
a
[?]China another woman breakfast [i]orange comrade village cabbage e
[?] hundred student open weekend [?:] nerve serve term
[i] chicken pocket begin children i
[i] holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite
o[?] second tonight somebody welcome [?u] also zero photo
u[?] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue u处在开音节位置,
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a在[w]音后面
[?] want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[a:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai] find child light high o在-st -ld前
[?u] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前
[?] come monkey love mother 四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ar
[a:] car farm dark sharpener ar在[w]音后面
[?:] warm quarter towards or
or在[w]音后面
[?:] forty morning short [?:] word worker worse
er ir ur
[?:] certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.
例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 五、-re音
are[??] care dare hare
ere[i?] here mere
ire[ai?] fire hire wire
ore[?:] more score before
ure[ju?] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[?]音,例如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读
[r]音.
例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.
例如:orange very American paragraph 六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ai/ay[ei] afraid rain wait day play
air[??] air hair chair pair repair
al在f m前
[?] small ball talk wall all [?:l] always also salt almost bald [a:] half calm
au/aw[?:] autumn daughter draw ea[i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great
ear
[i?] hear dear near clear year [ε?] bear pear wear
[?:] earth learn early
ee
[i:] jeep week green three eer[i?] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey[ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s后
[ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew
ie/ei在[s]音之后
[i:] piece field receive oa [?u] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor[?:] roar board door floor oi/oy
[?i] noise point boy toilet oo
[u:] broom food tooth school
[u] book look cook foot good ou/ow
[au] flower house count down [?u] know row throw though [?] young country enough [u:] group you soup
our[?:] course your four
[au?] our hour ours
[?:] journey
ui在j l r s后
[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
ai/ay ei/ey
[i] Sunday foreign monkey ow
[?u] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i].
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion
[?n] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后
[?n] vision decision occasion -tion在s后
[t??n] question suggestion -sten[sn] listen
-stle[sl] whistle
-sure[??] pleasure measure
-ture[t??] picture culture
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则
拼读.
everyday[ei]
handbag[æ]
blackboard[?:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重
读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.
例如:
sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日
break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[?] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[?:] > cupboard[?] 碗柜
九,辅字组的读音
b[b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
c在e前或在i/y前
[k] cake picture coat music [s] face decide cinema ch[t?] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry [?] machine
-ck
[k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge[d?] bridge fridge
dr-[dr] children driver drink
f[f] five four breakfast g在e i/y前
[g] bag gardon go
[d?] orange large German gh[f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high gu- -gue
gu在非重读音节中
[g] guess league dialogue [gw] language anguish h[h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest
j [d?] jeep jar joke join July k[k] kind bike skate make week kn-[n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m
[m] monkey come autumn -mn
[m] autumn column
n
n在[k] [g]音前
[n] not shine ten note [?] uncle thank hungry
-ng
[?] morning young wrong p
[p] paper plane pig ship pen ph
[f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq
qu - [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler