不定冠词的用法（The use of indefinite articles）

不定冠词的用法（The use of indefinite articles） 不定冠词的用法(The use of indefinite articles) 2.1 the use of indefinite articles The article itself cannot be used alone, nor does it have any meaning. It is used in front of nouns to help to indicate the meaning of nouns. There are three kinds of articles in English, one is the definite article, the other is indefinite article, and the other is the zero article. Indefinite article a (an) and numeral one homologous, is "one" meaning. A is used for consonant phonemes, and is generally read as [e], while an is used for vowel phonemes, and is generally read as [en]. 1) means "one", which means "one"; refers to someone or something, meaning a certain. Such as: A, Mr., Ling, is, waiting, for, you., a Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2) represent a class of people or things. Such as: A, knife, is, a, tool, for, cutting, with. knives are cutting tools. Mr., Smith, is, an, engineer., Mr. Smith is an engineer. 3) form phrases or idioms, such as a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short / after while a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye / all of a sudden on. The use of 2.2 definite articles The definite article "the" has the same meaning as the demonstrative pronoun "this" and "that", but has a weak meaning. It can be used with a noun to indicate a certain or certain person or thing. 1) a person or thing, especially one that is understood by both parties. Such as: Take the medicine. took the medicine. 2) the person or thing mentioned above. Such as: He, bought, a, house., I''ve, been,, to, the, house., he bought a house. I've been to that house. 3) refers to the world's only one thing, two things, such as the, sun, the, sky, the, moon, the, earth and so on. 4) used with singular nouns to indicate a class of things, such as the dollar dollars; the fox foxes; or used with adjectives or participles to indicate a class of people: the, rich, rich; the, living, the living. 5) used in ordinal and adjective superlative, and adjective only, very, same and so on. Such as: Where, do, you, live, I, live, on, the, floor., second. Where do you live? I live on the two floor. That''s, the, very, thing, I''ve, been, looking, for., that's what I'm looking for. 6) used with plural nouns, referring to the whole group. Such as: They, are, the, teachers, of, this, school. (all teachers) They, are, teachers, of, this, school. (refer to some teachers) 7) represents all nouns equivalent to the possessive pronoun, used in nouns indicating the parts of the body. Such as: She, caught, me, by, the, arm.., she grabbed my arm. 8) used in certain national names, organs, groups, classes, and other proper nouns which are made up of common nouns. Such as: The, People''s, Republic, of, China, People's Republic of China The, United, States, America 9) used before a musical instrument. Such as: She plays the piano., she can play the piano. 10) used before a plural noun in a family name to indicate a family. Such as: The Greens, the Green family (or Mr. and Mrs. Green) 11) used in idioms. Such as: In the day In, the, morning (afternoon, evening) The day after tomorrow The day before yesterday The next morning In, the, sky (water, field, country) In the dark In the rain In the distance In the middle (of) In the end On the whole By the way Go to the theatre Usage of 2.3 zero article 1) before the name of the country, the name is usually not: England, Mary. (2) a plural noun used to indicate a person or thing, 可不用定冠词。例如: 他们是老师。他们是教师。 3)抽象名词示一般概念时，通常不加冠词。例如: 失败是成功之母。失败乃成功之母。 4)物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词。例如: 人离开水不能生存。离开水人就无法生存。 5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。例如: 我们从星期一到星期五上学。我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 6)在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词。例如: 卫兵把美国人带到李将军身边。士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词，如吃早餐，下棋。 8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词。例如: 没有钢笔和铅笔我就写不了字。没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。 9)当通过与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词，如乘公共汽车，坐火车。 10)有些个体名词不用冠词，如学校、大学、监狱、市场、医院，床，桌子，阶级，小镇，教堂，法院等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义。例如: 去医院去医院看病 去医院去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的) 11)不用冠词的序数词; A.序数词前有物主代词时。 B.序数词作副词。例如:他在那场比赛中得了第一。他跑步得了第一。 C.在固定词组中，如在(的)第一 首先 从第一个到最后一个等。 2.4冠词与形容词+名词结构 1)两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同的人或物。例如: 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 黑猫和白猫是她的。这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。 2)如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一人或一物。例如: 他养了一只黑白相间的猫。他养了一只花猫。 2.5冠词位置 1)不定冠词位置 不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意: A.位于，什么的，很多，等形容词之后例如一半: 我从未见过这样的动物。我从来没见过这样的动物。 许多人适合做这项工作。许多人适合这岗位。 B.当名词前的形容词被副词作为 所以 太 怎样 然而 足够的修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。例如: 这是我度过的愉快的一天。我从未这么高兴过。 这么短的时间如此短的时间 距离太远了距离太远了 C.相当，而与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当相当，相当前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可，如:相当冷的一天/一个相当寒冷的日子。 D.在，虽然引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后。例如: 尽管他是个勇敢的人，可见到蛇还是发抖。他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。 2)定冠词位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在，，双， Half, twice, three, times, etc. after the noun, before the noun. Such as: All the, students, in,, the, class, went, out., all the students in the class are out. 2.6 numeral Words that indicate the number, number, or order of numbers are called numerals; numerals are divided into cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers. A numeral that denotes the number is called a cardinal number; the numeral indicating the sequence is called ordinal number. Cardinal number 1) cardinal numbers can generally be written as "345" or "three hundred and forty-five". 2) the cardinal number is usually singular, but in the following cases, the plural is often used in the plural: A. and of phrase, said gaishu, not with the specific number used, such as scores of people refers to a lot of people; B. is in some phrases that represent "row" or "group". Such as: They, arrived, in, twos, and, threes., they arrived in twos and threes. C. says "dozens of years."". D. stands for "age", using in +the + numeral complex. E. is a representation of multiplication operations, such as Three, fives, is (are), fifteen. Two, ordinal numbers The abbreviated forms of ordinal numbers, such as first---1st, second---2nd, thirty-first---31st, etc.. Three, the use of numerals 1) multiple representation A. subject + predicate + multiples (or fractions) + as + adj. + as. for example I, have, three, times, as, many, as, you., I have three times as many times as you. B. subject + predicate + multiples (fractions) + the, size (amount, length...) Of.... Such as: The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. the earth is 49 times as long as the moon. C. subject + predicate + multiples (fraction) + adjective (adverb) comparison + than.... Such as: The grain, output, is, 8, percent, higher, this, year, than,, that, of, last, year. are 8% higher this year than last year's grain output. D. can also use by+ multiples to indicate how many times it is added. Such as: The production, of, grain, has, been, increased, by, four,, times, this, year., this year's grain output has increased by two times. 2) the representation of fractional representation: the cardinal number represents the numerator, and the ordinal numeral represents the denominator. When the numerator is greater than 1, the ordinal number of the molecule is singular, and the denominator ordinal number is plural. Such as: 1/3 one-third; 3/37, three, and, three-sevenths.