奥运知识—篮球的历史HistoryofBasketball

奥运知识—篮球的历史HistoryofBasketball Basketball. The world's greatest sport ever. But of course, it hasn't been around since the world began. No, somebody had to have invented it. And that somebody would be James Naismith. Born in Almonte, Ontario, Canada, this Canadian Gym Teacher and Physician would soon be the founder of basketball. It all started in Decemb er of 1891. Naismith was teaching in Springfield, Massachusetts and was asked by Luther H. Gulick, the Headmaster of the school for Christian Works to make a new sport. The main idea of the sport was mainly to be played inside when it was too cold to go outside. The new sport also had to keep athletes in their top conditions between the baseball and football season. Naismith began to work. The first game-ball was a soccer ball. The first baskets were peach baskets that Naismith cleverly thought of hanging on the wall. From there, the legacy of basketball began. Originally, there was 9 men to each team, but the objective was still the same; to pass the ball to other players on your team and put the ball in the opposing team's net, or basket back then. From there, basketball caught on like a wildfire. During 1885 highschools and colleges began to adopt the game, and by 1898, the first Pro League was founded. After the first game played, Naismith drafted 13 rules and regulations, but many more were yet to come. The hoops we know today were invented in 1906. They were steel, with a net hanging from it's rim. 篮球作为世界上最伟大的运动之一，并不是凭空而来，它一定有自己的发明者。这个发明者，就是James Naismith。James 出生于加拿大的安大略，他曾 是一个体育教师。在1891年他在马塞诸塞教授体育的时候，学校的校长让他为基督教的活动想出一种运动，而这种运动一定要在室内进行，因为室外很冷。这种运动，按照校长的要求，一定要使运动员保持棒球和足球比赛时的激情。于是，他就开始思考这项运动。经过思考，他想出了一种方法:在墙上挂网子 ，然后把球扔向这个用网子做的篮子里。从此，篮球得以产生。本来，每个队伍 有9个队员，但是规则是:把球传向自己队伍的队员，然后设法投向对方的筐 子里。从此，篮球就很快传播开来。1885年，高中和大学都开始采用这种运动 方式，到1898年，第一个篮球联盟成立。第一次比赛后，James了13个比 赛规则。篮球筐子的边缘框架是在1906年设计的，材料是钢。 Dr. James Naismith is known world-wide as the inventor of basketball. He was born in 1861 in Ramsay township, near Almonte, Ontario, Canada. The concept of basketball was born from Naismith’s school days in the area where he played a simple child’s game known as duck-on-a-rock outside his one-room schoolhouse. The game involved attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a large rock by tossing another rock at it. Naismith went on to attend McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. James 作为世界闻名的篮球发明家，出生于1861年的Ramsay小镇，位于加 拿大的安大略。他发明篮球的点子是来自他小时候玩的一种游戏，叫 “duck-on-a-rock”。这种游戏就是用一块石头把另一块石头打掉。James 后来 转去了魁北克的Montreal大学教授课程。 奥运知识—篮球比赛基本规则知多少 Rules James Naismith devised a set of thirteen rules of basketball: 1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. 2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist. 3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the allowance to be made for a man running at spot on which he catches it, good speed. 4. The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it. 5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed. 6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5. . If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal 7 for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul). 8. Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edge and the opponents move the basket, it shall count as a goal. 9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them. 10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to disqualify men according to Rule 5. 11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it is in play in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee. 12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five minutes'rest between. 13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners. 篮球比赛基本规则: 30秒钟规则 ---进攻球队在场上控球时必须在30秒钟内投篮出手(NBA比赛为24秒，全美大学体育联合会比赛中为35秒)。 10秒钟规则 ---球队从后场控制球开始，必须在10秒钟内使球进入前场(对方的半场)。 5秒钟规则 ---持球后，球员必须在5秒钟之内掷界外球出手。FIBA规则规定罚球也必须在5秒钟内出手(NBA规则中为10秒)。 3秒钟规则 ---与对方发生身体接触而产生的犯规，比如与裁判发生争执等情况。 侵人犯规 ---与对方发生身体接触而产生的犯规行为。 技术犯规 ---队员或教练员因表现恶劣而被判犯规，比如与裁判发生争执等情况。 取消比赛资格的犯规 ---球员做出的不体现运动员精神的犯规动作，比如打人。发生此类情况后，球员应立即被罚出场外。 队员5次犯规 ---无论是侵人犯规，还是技术犯规，一名球员犯规共5次(NBA规定为6次)必须离开球场，不得再进行比赛。 违例 ---既不属于侵人犯规，也不属于技术犯规的违反规则的行为。主要的违例行为是:非法运球;带球走;3秒违例;使球出界。 队员出界 ---球员带球或球本身触及界线或蚧线以外区域，即属球出界。在球触线或线外区域之前，球在空中不算出界。 干扰球 ---投篮的球向篮下落时，双方队员都不得触球。当球在球篮里的时候，防守队员不得触球。 被紧密盯防的选手 ---被防守队员紧密盯防的球员必须在5秒钟之内传球，运球或投篮，否则其队将失去控球权(NBA规则中无此规定)。 球回后场 ---球队如已将球从后场移至前场，该球队球员便不能再将球移过中线，运回后场。