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孕妇孕期检查项目

2017-09-01 15页 doc 43KB 176阅读

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孕妇孕期检查项目孕妇孕期检查项目 1. 12周(三个月)左右做第一次孕期检查. 此时去医院,医生会给您领取"孕妇健康手册"或者有的医院叫着"母子保健手册),这也就是我们平常所说的建卡,以后每次去检查都要带上这个,同时每次检查后医生都会把检查结果,建议,用药等情况登记在上面以备以后参考. 此次检查项目主要包括: 量体重和血压; 医生进行问诊,主要是问怀孕以前的情况以备以后参考; B超(多普勒)检查; 验尿; 身体其他各部位的检查; 抽血; 检查子宫大小; 胎儿颈部透明带筛查. 目的: 抽血, 第一次抽血估计会比较多,主要是查血色素,...
孕妇孕期检查项目
孕妇孕期检查项目 1. 12周(三个月)左右做第一次孕期检查. 此时去医院,医生会给您领取"孕妇健康手册"或者有的医院叫着"母子保健手册),这也就是我们平常所说的建卡,以后每次去检查都要带上这个,同时每次检查后医生都会把检查结果,建议,用药等情况登记在上面以备以后参考. 此次检查项目主要包括: 量体重和血压; 医生进行问诊,主要是问怀孕以前的情况以备以后参考; B超(多普勒)检查; 验尿; 身体其他各部位的检查; 抽血; 检查子宫大小; 胎儿颈部透明带筛查. 目的: 抽血, 第一次抽血估计会比较多,主要是查血色素,判断准妈妈是否贫血,轻度的贫血对孕妇及分娩影响不大,重度贫血可引起早产,低体重儿等不良后果.所以发现贫血时应及时治疗.还有检查血型,以备生产是输血,准妈妈了解自己的血型是非常重要的,如果丈夫为A型, B型或AB型血,孕妇为O型血,生出的宝宝有ABO血型不合的可能,需要进行相应的进一步的检查.当然还包括血红蛋白,肝功能,乙肝,肾功能等检查的. 第一次B超主要是听宝宝心跳,确定胚胎的数量,看是单胎还是双胞胎;还有确定胚胎是否出现宫外孕,还有就是可以把怀孕的精确时间计算出来. 胎儿颈部透明带扫描检查主要是对宝宝患唐氏综合症的可能性进行评估. 次阶段要注意补充叶酸,钙和铁等.此阶段妊娠反应比较大,但是不管怎么样记得要吃东西,吐了接着吃. 2. 13-16周, 第二次产检: 唐氏症筛查 从第二次产检开始,以后准妈妈每次必须做的基本例行检查包括: 称体重; 量血压; 验尿; 量宫高; 腹围; 问诊及看宝宝的胎心音等. 另外这次检查的一个重要检查项是抽血做唐氏综合症的筛查,并对照第一次产检的抽血报告. 此时孕妇平常要注意正确的姿势,比如伸直背肌,不然容易引起腰酸背痛的毛病.无任是工作或休息都要让自己保持一个很舒服的状态. 记得尽量休息,此阶段开始可以过性生活,但一定要注意性生活的姿势和力度,不要按压腹部,姿势尽量舒服,力度一定要轻柔,以免造成流产. 3. 17-20周, 第三次产检 attention to improving the quality and efficiency of development and pay more attention to security and reform the people's livelihood, more focus on maintaining social harmony and stability, and promote the development of township economy in a better and faster, create a new normal XX development and lay a more solid foundation for XX build a well-off society. Completed tasks this year, we must always pay special attention to the primary task of development. XX weak economic base, low levels of development, economic construction is the Center, we have to create conditions for faster economic development, accumulating more wealth, better people's lives. Effort should be made to this year's economic growth, revenue growth, people have maintained a high rate of income growth, GDP growth of more than 15 per cent respectively. Always grasp the fundamental impetus for reform. We are now "no soldiers behind" many indicators ranked in the bottom of the county from getting bigger. Only by going all out to hard work, hard work, innovation, reform does not adapt to institutional mechanisms, practices, it is possible to change the face of XX poor, into a well-off society together with people across the country. We want to break the old patterns of thinking, methods and organization of work, bravely and boldly into, making full use of all the advantages, comprehensive reforms, to make all its vitality for development impulse, let full play to all sources of wealth creation. Should always stability 此阶段主要是做一些常规的基本例行检查. 但此时做B超可以比较准确的查出胎儿的性别.20周以后会出现假性宫缩,但大部分会在30分钟内缓解,但随着孕期周数的增加,出现的频率也会越来越高的. 此阶段孕妇要注意饮食均衡以避免体重增加太多或不足;大部分孕妇这个阶段开始容易腿抽筋,所以一定要及时补充钙铁的;为了让妊娠过程顺利一些,可以开始每天做一些简单的体操. 4. 21-24周, 第四次产检 妊娠糖尿病筛查 大部分妊娠糖尿病是在孕期第24周做的,医院会让准妈妈先喝下50克的葡萄糖水,一小时后进行抽血检查. 此时孕妇容易便秘.甚至引起痔疮,因此孕妇要养成固定时间排便的习惯,当出现比较严重的便秘是一定要及时去看医生.可以通过多吃蔬菜和水果来减轻便秘,不建议使用药物以免影响胎儿的发育. 中期以后容易出现贫血,建议多吃含铁多的食物,如肝脏,菠菜,葡萄干,牡蛎,鸡蛋等.同时注意胎动情形,如果有时间可以详细纪录胎动次数以供医护人员参考. 5. 25-28周, 第五次产检 乙型肝炎抗原 梅毒血清试验 德国麻疹 此阶段最重要是为准妈妈抽血检查乙型肝炎,目的是要检视准妈妈本身是否带原或已感染到乙型肝炎,如果准妈妈的乙型肝炎两项检验皆呈阳性反应,一定要让小儿科医师知道,才能在准妈妈生下胎儿24小时内,为新生儿注射疫苗,以免让新生儿遭受感染。此外,要再次确认准妈妈前次所做的梅毒反应,是呈阳性还是阴性反应,如此方能在胎儿未出生前,即为准妈妈彻底治疗梅毒。 德国麻疹,准妈妈除了要抽血检验外,还要看怀孕前是否注射过德国麻疹疫苗,如果有,那么检验结果会呈阳性.另外建议3-6个月内注射了的话最好不要怀孕. 此阶段开始出现孕妇水肿症状是正常的,多注意适当的活动,比如坚持每天走路半小时,或做腿部按摩,但记得脚底是不能按摩的,这样以增加血液循环,以减轻水肿.但是如果水肿在膝盖以上或脸部出现的话,就要去看医生做个详细的检查了. 孕妇在饮食方面要多注意糖份和盐份的摄取.同时要多了孕期和生产方面的知识了.并且要随时注意出血和腹痛的症状,以及早的发现紧急性早产等情况. 6. 29-32周, 第六次产检 下肢水肿 子痫前症的发生 预防早产 attention to improving the quality and efficiency of development and pay more attention to security and reform the people's livelihood, more focus on maintaining social harmony and stability, and promote the development of township economy in a better and faster, create a new normal XX development and lay a more solid foundation for XX build a well-off society. Completed tasks this year, we must always pay special attention to the primary task of development. XX weak economic base, low levels of development, economic construction is the Center, we have to create conditions for faster economic development, accumulating more wealth, better people's lives. Effort should be made to this year's economic growth, revenue growth, people have maintained a high rate of income growth, GDP growth of more than 15 per cent respectively. Always grasp the fundamental impetus for reform. We are now "no soldiers behind" many indicators ranked in the bottom of the county from getting bigger. Only by going all out to hard work, hard work, innovation, reform does not adapt to institutional mechanisms, practices, it is possible to change the face of XX poor, into a well-off society together with people across the country. We want to break the old patterns of thinking, methods and organization of work, bravely and boldly into, making full use of all the advantages, comprehensive reforms, to make all its vitality for development impulse, let full play to all sources of wealth creation. Should always stability 孕期28周以后,医生会陆续为准妈妈检查水肿情况.准妈妈可以通过平时穿弹性袜,睡觉时将双脚抬高(垫枕头),或者左侧位躺来减轻水肿的发生. 由于大部分的子痫前症,会在孕期28周以后发生。医师通常依据准妈妈测量血压所得到的数值作为依据,如果测量结果发现准妈妈的血压偏高,又出现蛋白尿、全身水肿等情况时,准妈妈须多加留意,以免有子痫前症的危险。 另外,准妈妈在37周前,要特别预防早产的发生,如果阵痛超过30分钟以上且持续增加,又合并有阴道出血或出水现象时,一定要立即送医院检查。 此时开始出现妊娠纹了,可以适度擦拭滋润乳霜,但要注意其成分含量. 在怀孕后期,出现低于十分钟的持续子宫收缩,孕妇就要判别是否是产兆的开始,此时若伴有便意感,就可能进入产程阶段,孕妇须立刻前往医院。 7. 33-35周, 第七次产检 超声波(B 超)检查 评估胎儿体重 从30周以后,孕妇的产检是每2周检查1次。到了孕期34周时,建议准妈妈做一次详细的超声波检查,以评估胎儿当时的体重及发育状况(例如:罹患子痫前症的胎儿,看起来都会较为娇小),并预估胎儿至足月生产时的重量。 一旦发现胎儿体重不足,准妈妈就应多补充一些营养素;若发现胎儿过重,准妈妈在饮食上就要稍加控制,以免日后需要剖宫生产,或在生产过程中出现胎儿难产情形。 此时要开始向医生咨询分娩,无痛分娩和丈夫陪产等事项了.了解医院产房,婴儿房等环境;办理产假手续,外出时随身携带保健卡或孕妇健康手册;要做适当的运动,比如走路等. 8. 36周, 第八次产检 为生产事宜做准备 减少AA次数 注意AA姿势 从36周开始每周检查一次,并且每次都要做胎儿监视.开始准备一些生产用的东西以免当天太匆忙而遗漏. 由于胎动愈来愈频繁,准妈妈宜随时注意胎儿及自身的情况,以免胎儿提前出生。 9. 37周, 第九次产检 注意胎动 了解待产医院可能提供的东西和自己需要带的物品,比如保健卡;夫妻身份证,准生证,结婚证,钱等等.了解生产的进行情况,并且适当的练习.保持适当的运动,注意饮食,一般为少吃多餐较为合适. 10. attention to improving the quality and efficiency of development and pay more attention to security and reform the people's livelihood, more focus on maintaining social harmony and stability, and promote the development of township economy in a better and faster, create a new normal XX development and lay a more solid foundation for XX build a well-off society. Completed tasks this year, we must always pay special attention to the primary task of development. XX weak economic base, low levels of development, economic construction is the Center, we have to create conditions for faster economic development, accumulating more wealth, better people's lives. Effort should be made to this year's economic growth, revenue growth, people have maintained a high rate of income growth, GDP growth of more than 15 per cent respectively. Always grasp the fundamental impetus for reform. We are now "no soldiers behind" many indicators ranked in the bottom of the county from getting bigger. Only by going all out to hard work, hard work, innovation, reform does not adapt to institutional mechanisms, practices, it is possible to change the face of XX poor, into a well-off society together with people across the country. We want to break the old patterns of thinking, methods and organization of work, bravely and boldly into, making full use of all the advantages, comprehensive reforms, to make all its vitality for development impulse, let full play to all sources of wealth creation. Should always stability 38-42周 第十次产检 胎位固定 胎头下来 准备生产 考虑催生 从38周开始,胎位开始固定,胎头已经下来,并卡在骨盆腔内,此时准妈妈应有随时准备生产的心理。有的准妈妈到了42周以后,仍没有生产迹象,就应考虑让医师使用催产素。 从38周开始,胎位开始固定,胎头已经下来,并卡在骨盆腔内,此时准妈妈应有随时准备生产的心理。有的准妈妈到了42周以后,仍没有生产迹象,就应考虑让医师使用催产素。 怀孕女性一定要按时做产检项目,日后才能将胎儿顺利产出。不可因人为疏忽或刻意不来,而影响自身及胎儿的安危。 孕期检查时间表——孕早期 0,5周孕期检查 如果超过一周月经没来,就有怀孕的可能。确定怀孕,准妈即可马上算出预产期。有妊娠可能性的女性,要注意药物的服用和X光线的照射,事先告知医生已有妊娠的可能性,不可以任意服用市面上所卖的成药。月经比平常来得少,也可作为判别怀孕的可能。若有出血或是茶色分泌物的出现,就要注意,有些人会误以为是下一次月经的来潮。 5,6周孕期检查 通过超声波检查,大致能看到胚囊在子宫内的位置,若仍未看到,则要怀疑是否有子宫外孕的可能。若无阴道出血的情况,仅需看看胚囊着床的位置。若有阴道出血时,通常是“先兆性流产”,这段时间若有一些组织从阴道中掉出来,就要考虑是否真的流产。另外,在孕期5,8周间,还可以看到胚胎数目,以确定是否孕育了双胞胎~ 6,8周孕期检查 可看到胎儿心跳、卵黄囊 准妈妈在孕期6,8周内做超声波检查时,可看到胚胎组织在胚囊内,若能看到胎儿心跳,即代表胎儿目前处于正常状态。此外,在超声波的扫瞄下,还可以看到供给胎儿12周前营养所需的卵黄囊,这可是胎儿attention to improving the quality and efficiency of development and pay more attention to security and reform the people's livelihood, more focus on maintaining social harmony and stability, and promote the development of township economy in a better and faster, create a new normal XX development and lay a more solid foundation for XX build a well-off society. Completed tasks this year, we must always pay special attention to the primary task of development. XX weak economic base, low levels of development, economic construction is the Center, we have to create conditions for faster economic development, accumulating more wealth, better people's lives. Effort should be made to this year's economic growth, revenue growth, people have maintained a high rate of income growth, GDP growth of more than 15 per cent respectively. Always grasp the fundamental impetus for reform. We are now "no soldiers behind" many indicators ranked in the bottom of the county from getting bigger. Only by going all out to hard work, hard work, innovation, reform does not adapt to institutional mechanisms, practices, it is possible to change the face of XX poor, into a well-off society together with people across the country. We want to break the old patterns of thinking, methods and organization of work, bravely and boldly into, making full use of all the advantages, comprehensive reforms, to make all its vitality for development impulse, let full play to all sources of wealth creation. Should always stability 自己所带的一个“小便当”啊~若未看到胎儿心跳,准妈妈可以隔上几天或1周,再赴医院做超声波检查。 9—11周孕期检查 做绒毛膜采样若孕妇家族本身有遗传性疾病,可在这个时间段做“绒毛膜采样”。但是,此项检查具有侵入性,常会造成孕妇流产以及胎儿受伤,做之前要仔细听从医生的建议。 12周孕期检查 第1次正式产检 •领取“孕妇健康手册”•做各项基本检查 大多数准妈妈在孕12周左右开始进行第1次产检。由于此时已经进入相对稳定的阶段,一般医院会给妈妈们办理“孕妇健康手册”。 孕期检查时间表——孕中期 13,16周孕期检查 第二次产检?唐氏症筛检?施行羊膜穿刺;从第二次产检开始,基本检查包括:称体重、量血压、问诊及看宝宝的胎心音等。准妈妈在16周以上,可抽血做唐氏症筛检(但以16,18周最佳),并看第一次产检的抽血报告。至于施行羊膜穿刺的周期,原则上是以16,20周开始进行,主要是看胎儿的染色体异常与否。体重每周增加不超过500克最理想。 17,20周孕期检查 第三次产检?详细超音波检查?可看出胎儿性别?首次胎动?假性宫缩的出现;准妈妈在孕期20周做超声波检查,主要是看胎儿外观发育上是否有较大问题。医师会仔细量胎儿的头围、腹围、看大腿骨长度及检视脊柱是否有先天性异常。准妈妈在16周时,已可看出胎儿性别。首次胎动,第1胎约在18,20周出现;第2胎则在16,18周会感觉到。 21,24周孕期检查 attention to improving the quality and efficiency of development and pay more attention to security and reform the people's livelihood, more focus on maintaining social harmony and stability, and promote the development of township economy in a better and faster, create a new normal XX development and lay a more solid foundation for XX build a well-off society. Completed tasks this year, we must always pay special attention to the primary task of development. XX weak economic base, low levels of development, economic construction is the Center, we have to create conditions for faster economic development, accumulating more wealth, better people's lives. Effort should be made to this year's economic growth, revenue growth, people have maintained a high rate of income growth, GDP growth of more than 15 per cent respectively. Always grasp the fundamental impetus for reform. We are now "no soldiers behind" many indicators ranked in the bottom of the county from getting bigger. Only by going all out to hard work, hard work, innovation, reform does not adapt to institutional mechanisms, practices, it is possible to change the face of XX poor, into a well-off society together with people across the country. We want to break the old patterns of thinking, methods and organization of work, bravely and boldly into, making full use of all the advantages, comprehensive reforms, to make all its vitality for development impulse, let full play to all sources of wealth creation. Should always stability 第四次产检?妊娠糖尿病筛检;大部分妊娠糖尿病的筛检,是在孕期第24周做。先抽取准妈妈的血液样本,来做一项耐糖试验,不需要禁食。喝下50克的糖水,等1小时后,再进行抽血,当结果出来后,血液指数若在140以下,属正常;指数若为140以上,就要怀疑是否有妊娠糖尿病,需要再回医院做第二次抽血。此次要先空腹8小时后,再进行抽血,然后喝下100克的糖水,1小时后抽1次血,2小时后再抽1次,3小时后再抽1次,总共要抽4次血。只要有2次以上指数高于值的话,即代表准妈妈有妊娠糖尿病。在治疗上,要采取饮食及注射胰岛素来控制,不可口服药物来治疗,以免胎儿畸形。 25,28周孕期检查 第五次产检?乙型肝炎抗原?梅毒血清试验?德国麻疹;此阶段最重要是为准妈妈抽血检查乙型肝炎,如果准妈妈的乙型肝炎两项检验皆呈阳性反应,一定要让小儿科医师知道,才能在准妈妈生下胎儿24小时内,为新生儿注射疫苗,以免让新生儿遭受感染。此外,要再次确认准妈妈前次所做的梅毒反应,是呈阳性还是阴性反应,如此方能在胎儿未出生前,即为准妈妈彻底治疗梅毒。至于德国麻疹方面,准妈妈除了要抽血检验。在此特别提醒曾注射过德国麻疹疫苗的女性,由于是将活菌注射于体内,所以,最好在注射后3,6个月内不要怀孕,因为可能会对胎儿造成一些不良影响。 孕期检查时间表——怀孕后期 29,32周孕期检查 第6次产检?下肢水肿?子痫前症的发生?预防早产;在孕期28周以后,医师要陆续为准妈妈检查是否有水肿现象。因为准妈妈的子宫,此时已大到一定程度,有可能会压迫到静脉回流,所以,静脉回流不好的孕妇,此阶段较易出现下肢水肿现象。预防水肿的发生,平时可穿着弹性袜,睡觉时将双脚抬高,并以左侧位躺。 33,35周孕期检查 attention to improving the quality and efficiency of development and pay more attention to security and reform the people's livelihood, more focus on maintaining social harmony and stability, and promote the development of township economy in a better and faster, create a new normal XX development and lay a more solid foundation for XX build a well-off society. Completed tasks this year, we must always pay special attention to the primary task of development. XX weak economic base, low levels of development, economic construction is the Center, we have to create conditions for faster economic development, accumulating more wealth, better people's lives. Effort should be made to this year's economic growth, revenue growth, people have maintained a high rate of income growth, GDP growth of more than 15 per cent respectively. Always grasp the fundamental impetus for reform. We are now "no soldiers behind" many indicators ranked in the bottom of the county from getting bigger. Only by going all out to hard work, hard work, innovation, reform does not adapt to institutional mechanisms, practices, it is possible to change the face of XX poor, into a well-off society together with people across the country. We want to break the old patterns of thinking, methods and organization of work, bravely and boldly into, making full use of all the advantages, comprehensive reforms, to make all its vitality for development impulse, let full play to all sources of wealth creation. Should always stability 第七次产检?超声波检查?评估胎儿体重;从30周以后,孕妇的产检是每2周检查1次。到了孕期34周时,建议做一次详细的超声波检查,以评估胎儿当时的体重及发育状况,并预估胎儿至足月生产时的重量。一旦发现胎儿体重不足,准妈妈就应多补充一些营养素;若发现胎儿过重,在饮食上就要稍加控制,以免在生产过程中出现难产。 36周孕期检查 第8次产检?为生产事宜做准备?减少性生活次数?注意性爱姿势;从36周开始,准妈妈愈来愈接近生产日期,此时所做的产检,以每周检查1次为原则,并持续监视胎儿的状态。此阶段的准妈妈,可开始准备一些生产用的东西,以免生产当天太过匆忙,变得手忙脚乱。由于此时已属怀孕后期,应减少性生活次数,并注意性爱姿势。 37周孕期检查 第9次检查?注意胎动;由于胎动愈来愈频繁,准妈妈宜随时注意胎儿及自身的情况,以免胎儿提前出生。如果运动量不足,每天可以持续做些产前运动。最后阶段仍要注意体重增加的问题,不可摄取过量的盐分,要持续营养均衡的饮食生活。 38,42周孕期检查 第10次产检?胎位固定?胎头下来?准备生产?考虑催生;从38周开始,胎位开始固定,胎头已经下来,并卡在骨盆腔内,此时准妈妈应有随时准备生产的心理。有的准妈妈到了42周以后,仍没有生产迹象,就应考虑让医师使用催产素。 attention to improving the quality and efficiency of development and pay more attention to security and reform the people's livelihood, more focus on maintaining social harmony and stability, and promote the development of township economy in a better and faster, create a new normal XX development and lay a more solid foundation for XX build a well-off society. Completed tasks this year, we must always pay special attention to the primary task of development. XX weak economic base, low levels of development, economic construction is the Center, we have to create conditions for faster economic development, accumulating more wealth, better people's lives. Effort should be made to this year's economic growth, revenue growth, people have maintained a high rate of income growth, GDP growth of more than 15 per cent respectively. Always grasp the fundamental impetus for reform. We are now "no soldiers behind" many indicators ranked in the bottom of the county from getting bigger. Only by going all out to hard work, hard work, innovation, reform does not adapt to institutional mechanisms, practices, it is possible to change the face of XX poor, into a well-off society together with people across the country. We want to break the old patterns of thinking, methods and organization of work, bravely and boldly into, making full use of all the advantages, comprehensive reforms, to make all its vitality for development impulse, let full play to all sources of wealth creation. Should always stability
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