初中英语现在完成时经典总结

一、现在完成时的定义 现在完成时既可示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响(此时通常连用的时间状语有already, yet, just, ever, before, in the past)，也可表示动作从过去某时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去(此时通常连用的时间状语有this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in the past few + 时间段, since +时间点, for + 时间段)。 例如： ①　I have just finished my work. 我把工作做完。 ②　Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？ ③　I have lived for ten years. 我在这儿住了十年了。 ④　We have studied here since 2003. 我们自2003年来就在这儿读书了。 二、现在完成时的结构 现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。即由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明了句子的意义。 （一）肯定式 主语＋助动词have／has ＋过去分词＋其它 说明：这里的have／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 have的缩略式've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。 1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了) 2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。 （表示到目前为止还没有找到） (如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到) 3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的） （二）否定式 主语＋助动词have／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它 说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have／has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。 1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。 2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。 3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如： 4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。 （三）一般疑问式 助动词have／has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 ？ 说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，yet就构成了一般疑问句。 肯定回答用“Yes ，主语＋have／has． 否定回答用“No，主语＋haven't／hasn't．” 有时也可以用“No，not yet．／No ，never．／No，not even once.”等。 1）—Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？ 　 —Yes ，I have ．是的，我做过。 2）—Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？ —No，never．不，从来没有。 3）—Have they found the lost books yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？ —Yes ，they have．是的，他们找到了。 注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly（几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。 例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ？你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？ 三、现在完成时的用法 （一）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与时间副词和频度副词等连用。如：just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），recently（最近），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），still（一直），often（经常），sometimes（有时），how many times（多少次），so far（到目前为止），during the past three years（最近三年来），in the past（过去，在以前）。例如： ① I’ve just cleaned the kitchen.我刚打扫了厨房。 分析：打扫厨房的动作发生在过去,但对现在造成影响,厨房是干净的,就会得出You needn’t clean it. ② Have you had lunch yet? Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) ③ He has had a cup of tea. 我喝过一杯茶了。（不渴了，不用再喝。） ④ They have already had their holiday. 他们已经度过假了。（不能再度假了。） ⑤ The boy has already read the book. 这个男孩已经看过这本书了。（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了。） ⑥ I have just had lunch. 我刚刚吃过午饭。（饱了，不用再吃了。） ⑦ I have used the pen only twice . It's still good . 这个钢笔我仅仅用过两次。它是好的。 ⑧ He has been very busy so far . 到目前为止他一直很忙。 这几个时间副词的用法如下： 1．already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。 1）I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。 （“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。） 2）I've washed my clothes already．我已经洗了衣服。 （洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。） 注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。 3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？ 2．yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。 1）—Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？ —No，not yet．不，还没有。 2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet ． 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响） 3．just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 He has just come back from school ．他刚从学校回来。 4．ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。 1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？ 2）I haven't ever spoken to her．我未曾和她说过话。 5．never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。 I have never travelled by plane before．我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 6．before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。 1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？ 2）I haven't eaten Guangdong food before．我以前没吃过广东菜。 注意：副词的位置： ① just 常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just been here ( come ) . 他刚刚来过。 ② never 表示否定, 放在have/has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.他从未参观过长城。 ③ ever 用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever ＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm？ 你曾经去过农村吗 ？ ④ before 用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before. 这个妇女以前从未听说过。 ⑤ yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the train been in (arrived) yet? No, not yet. 火车还没到吗？ ⑥ already 用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末.We have already finished it. 我们已经完成了。 ⑦ so far 用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon. 到目前为止我们拜访过月球了。 （二）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。此时常与for+段时间,since+表示过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。 ⑴ for＋表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years. 我已经教了19年英语了。 ⑵ since＋表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986.他从1986年就在这学校。 ⑶ since＋表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生就住在这里。 ⑷ since＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago. 我20年前就认识他。 例如: ① I have lived in Beijing for twenty years. 我在北京已经住二十年了。 ② I have worked for this school for 1 year. 我已经在这个学校工作一年了。 ③ He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教) ④ I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 ⑤ He has taught English for ten years. 他教英语十年了。 ⑥ He has taught English since he came to this school.他自从来到这个学校就一直教英语了。 这两句表示的教英语,这一动作都是发生在过去,一直延续到现在,并且很有可能继续延续下去。 ⑦ I've lived here since 1990．自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 = I've lived here since 13 years ago. = I've lived here for 13 years. = It is 13 years since I began to live here. ⑧ I haven't seen him for three years ．我三年没有看见他了。 = I haven't seen him since three years ago. = I haven't seen him since 2000. = It is 3 years since I saw him last time. ⑨ Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.自从到城市以来王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 ⑩ She's been at this school since five years ago．自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。 （三）现在完成时的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。非延续性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与表示“一段时间”的for(达到；累计)或since（自从…到现在）引出的时间状语连用。如遇非延续性动词要变换成相应的延续性动词，要用，必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long。 例如： ① 他入团两年了。 误：He has joined the League for two years． 正：He has been a League member for two years． ②我买这辆自行车三年了。 误：I have bought this bike for three years． 正：I have had this bike for three years． ③ 这本书我买了三天了。 误：I have bought the book for three days. 正：I have had the book for three days or It is three days since I bought the book. ④　He has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。 ⑤　His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世二年了。 ⑥　The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。 ⑦　We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。 ▲英语中有一些表示延续的情况或动作的动词，这类动词叫做“延续性动词”，常见的有：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。但还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。 ▲现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrive → be in / be at  arrive here(there) → be here(there)        become → be      begin → be on begin to study → study  borrow → keep / have  buy  → have  catch  → have  catch a cold  → have a cold close → be closed  come → be here / be in / be at  come back → be back  come here(there) → be here(there) come to  → be in / be at  come to work → work  die → be dead  end → be over fall ill (sick,asleep) → be ill(sick,asleep)    finish  → be over    get to→ be in /be at  get here(there) → be here(there)  get out → be out  get up→ be up  go → be there / be out / be away go back → be back  go out → be out  go there → be there    go to → be in / be at go to school → be in school / be a student    join → be in +组织机构 / be a member of +组织机构 join the army → be in the army / be a soldier  join the Party → be in the Party / be a Party member lend → keep / have  leave → be away / be from  lose → be lose    marry → be married move → be here/there  move to → be in / be at  open →be open  open sth. → keep sth. open put on → wear / be on  reach → be in / be at  reach here(there) → be here/there return to → be back to  sell → be gone  shut → be closed    sit down → be seated start  → be on  wake  → be awake    wake up  → be awake （四）表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情   ①　I have never had a bath. 我从未洗过澡。   ②　I have never seen a film. 我从未看过电影。   ③　I have never been to cinema. 我从未照过像。 ④　I have ever been to Paris. 我曾经去过巴黎。 have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。 例如：。 ①　He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去过加拿大，现在在我们公司工作。 ②　Mr. Li is not at home. He has gone to Shanghai. 李先生不在家，他去上海了。 ③　They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 ④　He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 ⑤　I have been to London. 我去过伦敦。（人已经回来） ⑥　He has gone to London. 他去伦敦了。（人还在那里） （五）延续性动词的现在完成时可和包括“现在”在内的（到说话时仍未结束）表示一段时间的状语连用。如now, this morning (month,year,term )，today，this week，these days 例如： ①　Have you met him today?No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？不，我没有。 ②　How many times have you been Beijing this year ? He has been to there three times this year. 今年你去过北京多少次？今年我去过那里三次。 ③  He has written two letters this morning.     他上午写过两封信。（说话时间在上午） ④  He wrote two letters this morning.      他上午写了两封信。（说话时间在下午或晚上） （六）表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用   ① I have lost my pen. 我把自己的钢笔丢了。   ② I have hurt myself. 我把自己弄伤了。   ③ He has been ( become ) a teacher. 他已经成为一名教师。   ④ She has broken my heart. 他伤透了我的心。 （七）询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：   ① Have you finished your homework? 你完成作业了吗 ？   ② Have you been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗 ？   ③ Have he seen the film? 你看过这部电影吗 ？ 四、现在完成时与其他时态的区别     （一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别     现在完成时与一般过去时都可能指动作发生在过去。现在完成时强调动作的结果或对现在的影响，属于现在时的范畴；一般过去时强调动作所发生的时间，属于过去时的范畴。但一般过去时侧重强调动作发生在过去的某一时间或过去经常性、习惯性的动作,有时有明确的时间状语或地点状语与现在没联系，因此，过去时需跟过去时间连用或有表过去时间的上下文连用，如：yesterday, just now ,last Sunday,in 1990,three years ago等。而现在完成时强调动作对现在造成影响或一直延续到现在，现在完成时不能与过去时间连用，但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用，其时间状语可以是since…,for… , just, ever, never, before, already, yet , so far, all one’s life等。 例如： ① I met her in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上遇到她了。（强调遇到的时间）     ② I have met her in the street.我已经在街上遇到了她。（表示我遇到她,不必再找她了）     ③ I lived in Shanghai last year.去年我住在上海。（表示一年前住在上海） ④ I have lived in Shanghai for one year.我住在上海已一年了。（表示我在上海已住了一年,并有可能继续住下去。） ⑤ I read the book two weeks ago. 我两周前读了这本书。 ⑥ I have read the book for two weeks. 这本书我读过两周了。 ⑦ I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到) ⑧ I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明) ⑨ I learned English songs. 我学了英语歌曲。（说明过去学过,现在是否记得,不是本句的内容） ⑩ I have learnt English songs. 我学过英语歌曲。（learn发生在过去,但强调我现在懂英语歌曲） ⑾ I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago.我半小时前擦了黑板(只说明“擦”和其发生的时间） ⑿ I have cleaned the blackboard. 我擦过黑板了。（说明现在黑板是干净的） ⒀ The teacher has written some new words on the blackboard.（黑板上现在有单词） ⒁ The teacher wrote some new words on the blackboard.（黑板上现在没有单词）   老师在黑板上写了几个新单词。     （二）现在完成时与现在进行时的区别     现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,到现在已完成,并不强调动作正在进行；强调动作持续到现在或刚结束。而现在进行时则表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作；现在进行时只强调目前的状态。 例如： ① I am reading the text. 我正在读这篇课文。（读课文的动作正在进行） ② I have read the text. 我已读过这篇课文。（表示已读课文,对课文内容已了解。） ③ They have talked for about two hours. 他们谈了大约两个小时。(强调动作的持续) ④ They are talking. 他们在谈话。 (强调目前的状态) 初中英语 现在完成时用法及综合练习 现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词， 1．表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如： I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。 （“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”） 现在完成时常用的时间状语有： already （”已经”  用于肯定句的中间和末尾处） never  (“从不”  用于中间处)    ever （”曾经”  用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处） just    (“刚刚”  用于中间处)        yet    (“已经”  用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还”  用于否定句的末尾处) 或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.  现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较： The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。） I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了） 练习： I．翻译下列句子： 1.       你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2.       我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3.       我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4.       他已经吃过午饭了。 5.       你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6.       我哥哥还没回来。 7.       我上星期看过这部电影。 8.       在1992年他住在这里。 II． 用过去时或现在完成时填空： 1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?”    “Yes.”   “When ________ you __________ (have) it?”  “I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.” 2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”   “Yes, I ___________.  I ________________ (write) one last week.” 3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?”    “Not yet.” 4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?”    “Yes, just once.” 5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work. 6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now. 7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words. 8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet. 9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum. 10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke? 11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “  “Yes, I __________ .”   “Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?”  “ I ___________ (buy) it in a bookstore.”   “When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?”  “ Yesterday.” Since 和 for 的用法 表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。 Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。 一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 如： Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。 He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。 二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如： We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。 练习：用since和for填空 1) ______ two years            2) _______ two years ago            3) _______ last month     4) ______ 1999                5) _______ yesterday                6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours            8) _______ an hour ago            9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time            11) ______ she left here 1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 2. I’ve known him __________ we were children. 3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 2.短暂性转换延续性 ①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. → be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there 1)      He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________. 2)      I moved to the USA last year. I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________. 3)      I went home yesterday. I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________. 4)      They came here last week. They _________ _________ here since _________ __________. ②come/go back, return → be back            come/go out → be out 1)      He came out two years ago. He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________. 2)      We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________. ③become → be 1)      I became a teacher in 2000. I ________  __________ a teacher for _________ _________. 2)      The river became dirty last year. The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________. ④close → be closed  open → be open 1)      The shop closed two hours ago. The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________. 2)      The door opened at six in the morning. The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours. ⑤get up → be up  die → be dead     leave sw. → be away from sw.     fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep     finish/end → be over  marry → be married 1)      I got up two hours ago. I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________. 2)      He left Fuzhou just now. He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes. 3)      My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________. 4)      The meeting finished at six. The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours. 5)      I got to sleep two hours ago. I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________. 6)      They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________. ⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth.        begin → be on 1)      I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____. 2)      The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____. ⑦borrow → keep          lose → not have        buy → have          put on → wear    catch/get a cold → have a cold        get to know → know 1)      They borrowed it last week. They _________ _________ it since __________ __________. 2)      I bought a pen two hours ago. I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________. 3)      I got to know him last year. I _________ __________ him since __________ __________. 4)      I put on my glasses three years ago. I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________. ⑧have/has gone to → have been in 1)      He has gone to Beijing. He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days. ⑨join the league/the Party/the army     → be a league/a Party member/a soldier → be a member of the league/the Party → be in the league/the Party/the army 1)      He joined the league in 2002. He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years. He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years. He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years. 2)      My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________. My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years. 3.汉译英 1）这本字典我已买了三年了。 2）他离开中国三年了。 3）我认识他们五年了。 4）他们已去了美国五年了。 5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。 6）他们已经结婚10年。 7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 8）这会已开了多长时间了？ 9）这门已经关了两天了。 10）我入团2年了。       I __________  ___________  ___________ two years ago.     I __________  ___________ a  ___________  ___________ for two years.     I __________  ___________ a  ___________ of  __________  _________ for two years.     I __________  ___________  ____________ the  __________ for two years. 11）自从1999年以来他们就认识。 12）我来到农场已5年了。 4.划线提问 1) I have been there for two days. __________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ? 2)      My father has lived here since 2000. _________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? 3)      He left here yesterday. _________ ________ he _________ __________? 4)      They bought a book two hours ago. __________ ___________ they __________ a book?   have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法 一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 此外还有这些搭配：  have been  here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm                             have been  here (there) / abroad 二、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：    I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？   have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：    I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。   三、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。 例如：----Where is Tom?    ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。 练习： I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island. A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there. A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once. II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。 1)      Where is Jack? He __________ his country. 2)      David ________ the park just now. 3)      John _______ England since he came back. 4)      How long _____ have _____ this village? 5)      The Smiths ______ Beijing for years. 6)      _____ you ever ____ America?      -- Yes, I _____ there many times. 7)      I _____ this school since three years ago. 8)      Where is Jim? He _____ the farm. 9)      When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago. 10)   Would you like to _____ the zoo with me?  ---Yes, but I _____ there before. 11)   Where _____ you _____ now?    --- I ____ the zoo. 12)   He often _____ swimming. 13)   _____ you ______ there last year? 14)   _____ they often ______ skating in winter? III.翻译下列句子： 1.       他已经来中国三年多了。 2.       他们出国两个月了。 3.       我从来没去过长城。 4.       你曾经出过国吗？ 5.       他已经去图书馆了。 6.       他来这儿五年了。  7.       昨天他去了公园。 8.       “你要去哪里？”  “我要去学校。” 9.       他常常去游泳。 综合练习: I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空 1.  I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2.    Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago. 3.    Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years. 4.  “Have you ________ seen the film?”  “No, I have ________ seen it.” 5.     “Has the bus left _______?”  “Yes, it has _________ left.” II. 翻译下列句子： 1.   他们已经打扫了教室吗？ 2.    我们已经认识有二十年了。 3.    打那以后，她一直住在这。 4.    “你曾经到过那里吗？”  “不，我从来没到过那里。” III. 用适当的时态填空： 1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten. 2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3.Both of them ________________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave). 5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ____________ you ______________ (see) it here and there? 6. _____________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet? 7. ---Are you thirsty?        ---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some orange. 8. We _____________already ______________ (return) the book. 9. ___________ they ____________ (build) a new school in the village? 10. I ________________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday. 14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday. III．句型转换： 1. He has already gone home.        He _________  __________ home ____________.  (否定句)                                 ____________ he __________ home ___________?  (疑问句) 2. He has lunch at home.        He __________  _____________ lunch at home.  (否定句)                             ____________ he __________  lunch at home?  (疑问句) 3. He has been there twice.      __________ __________ ________ __________ he been there?  (划线提问) 4. I have lunch at school.        __________ __________ you ____________ lunch.  (划线提问) 三、课后练习 [单项选择] （  ）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ______what's happened to him.   A. knew    B. have known    C. must know    D. will know （  ）2、He has  _______ been to Shanghai, has he ? A. already  B. never          C. ever          D. still （  ）3、Have you met Mr Li ______？  A. just      B. ago            C. before        D. a moment ago （  ）4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .   A. is writing  B. was writing      C. wrote        D. has written （  ）5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .   —Yes. I hope it will be even ______.   A. has changed; well 　 B. changed; good  C. has changed; better  D. changed; better （  ）6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .   A. was; studying    　B. will; study      C. has; studied          D. are; studying （  ）7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .   A. know      B. had known      C. have known      D. knew （  ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ______ it twice. A. will see    B. have seen      C. saw            D. see （  ）9、—These farmers have been to the United States .     —Really? When _____ there?   A. will they go    B. did they go  C. do they go      D. have they gone （  ）10、—______ you ___ your homework yet?   —Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.   A.Did; do; finished                  B.Have; done; finished   C.Have; done; have  finished          D.will; do; finish （  ）11、His father ______ the club since 1988.   A. joined      B. has joined    C. was in          D. has been in （  ）12、—Do you know her well?   — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.   A. were      B. have been      C. have become      D. have made （  ）13、—How long have you ____ here?     —About seven years. A. been      B. gone        C. come            D. arrived （  ）14、Hurry up! The program __________ for five minutes .   A. has begun    B. had begun      C. has been on      D. began （  ）15、It _____ ten years since he came Chengdu.   A. is            B. has          C. will            D. was （  ）16、Miss Green isn't in the office. She _______ to the library.     A. has gone      B. went          C. will go          D. has been （  ）17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .     A. have been in  B. have been to    C.  have gone to    D. have been （  ）18、He ________ for 2 hours.     A. got up        B.  has got up    C. has been up （  ）19、Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days.      A. is          B. catches        C. has caught        D. has had （  ）20、His grandparents ______ for more than 9 years. A. has come here 　  B. has started to work    C. has lived there 　  D. has left the university [汉译英] 1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父亲以前到过长城。 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。