英语流行歌曲歌词的人际意义分析

英语流行歌曲歌词的人际意义分析 ?一MASTER?'STHE刚 硕士学位 英语流行歌曲歌词的人际意义分析 论文作者:魏玉芳 指导教师:陈佑林 学科专业:英语语言文学 研究方向:语言学与应用语言学 华中师范大学外国语学院 7>2013年4月 TheAnalysis0fInterpersonal MeaningnEnglishPopular SongLyrics AThesis SubmiaedinPartialFu fillmentoftheRequirement FortheM.A.DegreeinEnglishLanguageandLiterature OnLinguistics WeiYufang PostgraduateProgram SchoolsfForeignLa guages CentralChinaNormalUniversity Supervisor:ChenYoulin AcademicTitle:Professor Approved April,2013 ? 硕士学位论文MASTER‘STHESIS 华中师范大学学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明 原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师指导下,独立进行研究 工作所取得的研究成果。除文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其 他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和 集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 作者签名:穰立艿 日期:沙R年f月f6日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校 有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查 阅和借阅。本人授权华中师范大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有 关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学 位 论文。同时授权中国科学技术信息研究所将本学位论文收录到《中国学位论文 全文数据库》,并通过网络向社会公众提供信息服务。 作者签名:懿圣名 日期:yI孓午s月16日 导师签名: 日期: 年 月 日 本人已经认真阅读“CALLS高校学位论文全文数据库发布’',同意将本人 的学位论文提交“CALIS高校学位论文全文数据库”中全文发布,并可按“章程”中 的规定享受相关权益。回意途窒握銮压溢卮!旦坐生;旦生;旦三生筮查! 作者签名:魏墨毛 日期:沙I埠岁月f‘日 导师签名: 日期: 年 月 日 ? 硕士学位论文MASTER’STHESIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstofall,1wouldiketorendermyheart?feltgratitudeoProfessorChenYo ulin, mysupervisor,forhisinsi啦 tftdinstructions,constantencouragementandunconditioned helpinmywrit.mgofthisthesis.Withomhisgreatsupport,thepaperwouldneverhave beenfinished. 1wouldalsoliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmythankstoalltheteachersin theSchoolofForeignLa guagesofC ntralChinaNormalUniversitywhohavegiven melessonsOrlectures.They'vedisplayedtheirrigorousscholarshipando timistic attitudestowardslife,whichexertagreatinfluenceom andwoddsurelybeatreasure formylifetime. Gratitudealsogoestoallofmyfamilymembers,whohavegivenmemeticulous careandconstantencouragementduringtheprocessofmywritingofthispaper.AndI OWeSOmuchtomyfatherfohismvingmuchtimeforme. Lastly,1wanttodelivermythankstomyfriendsandroommatesfortheiragood manypracticalsuggestionsinthecourseofmycompletingth spaper. ? 硕士学位论文MASTER’STHESIS 摘要 韩礼德建构系统功能语法的目的之一是为语篇分析提供一个理论框架,这个 框 架适用于13头语篇和书面语篇的分析。歌词以演唱的形式供听众欣赏,是介于书面 语篇和口头语篇之间的一类特殊语篇类型,是“为唱而写”的口头语篇。流行歌曲 广受人们喜爱的原因不仅在于其优美的旋律,更重要的在于其具有的休闲娱乐、安 慰激励、教育启迪等作用。歌词的这些功能充分说明了歌词与其它语篇类型一样同 样承担着一定的功能,蕴含着丰富的人际意义。 目前国内外对歌词的研究可以概括成两大领域:非语言学领域和语言学领域。 非语言学领域的研究主要集中在哲学、美学、文学、心理学和社会学等方面。语言 学领域的研究则集中在歌词的语音、语法、修辞、翻译以及教学应用等方面。针对 歌词中人际意义的研究微乎甚微j只在学术网站中国知网上搜到几篇文章和硕士论 文。而这些文章和论文要不没有涉及到流行歌曲的人际意义分析,要不大多数都只 谈论一首歌曲的人际意义,缺乏一定的概括性和普遍性。 本文拟采用定性和定量的研究,运用韩礼德元功能思想中的人际功能和 马 丁的评价系统中的态度系统,对2012年欧美流行音乐榜单上的前十首英文歌曲进 行分析,主要从语气系统、情态系统和态度系统三大方面进行分析,试图归纳并总 结英语流行歌曲实现人际意义的特定方式,以期人际意义理论在歌词语篇分析 上的适用性,并希望能给词作者、歌手和听众这三大群体提供一定的实际帮助。 根据所统计的数据,笔者做出了以下的发现:在语气系统中,陈述语气的出现 频率远高于祈使语气和疑问语气;人称代词中,第一人称和第二人称的出现频率最 高;情态副词中,表达频率、时间和强度的情态副词被使用的次数最多。在情态系 统中,表达可能性、意愿性和义务性的情态动词出现得较多。可能性情态动词中, 中低值情态动词出现次数较多;意愿性情态动词中,中值情态动词被频繁地使用; 义务性情态动词中,“没必要”、“可能”、“能否”这三个低值情态动词的使用次数 最多。在态度系统中,表达情感和鉴赏的语言成分出现得最多。情感语言成分又以 与“高兴”或“不高兴”和“安全”或“不安全”有关的词汇出现得最频繁; 鉴赏 语言成分中以与事物的“性质”和其对人造成的“影响”有关的词汇使用次 数最多。 对歌词的人际意义进行研究是一个有趣也很有挑战性的工作。分析具有更大 容 量歌曲中的人际意义,并得出更有普遍性和归纳性的结论的研究有待进一步 深入。 关键词:英语流行歌曲:人际意义;语气;情态;态度 ? 硕士学位论文MASTER’STHESIS Abstract OneofthepurposesfHalliday。SestablishingtheSystemicFun tionalGT mmaris toprovideatheoreticalframeworkf rdiscourseanalysis,whichhasbeentestifiedtobe applicableto othwrittendiscourseandoraldiscourse.Appreciatedbytheaudi ncein formofsongs,lyricsisaspecialtypeofdiscourselyingbetweenwrittendis courseand oraldiscourse.It'sakindoforaldiscoursew ittenobesung.nereasonwhypopular songsaresoadoredbytheyoungisthattheseongsnotonlyhavebeautifulmelo dies, butalsocanentertainhem,comfortthem,encouragethem,educatethemndSOon. Sinceallthesefunctionscallonlycomeintoworkontheconditionhattheaudienceale gettingvolved,songlyricsisrichininterpersonalmeaningjustlikeothertypesof discourse. Uptonow,thepreviousstudieson onglyricsCanbegroupedintotwocategories: thosefromnon-linguisticperspectiveandthosefromlinguisticperspective.Researchers whohavediscussedonglyricsfromnon-linguisticperspectiveonducttheirdiscussion fromtheaspectsofphilosophy,aesthetics,literature,psychology,sociologyandSOon. Andthosewhohavestudiedsonglyricsfromlinguisticperspectivefocustheirattention OHthephonation,grammar,rhetoric,translation,andapplicationinlanguageteachingof songlyrics.Asforprecedentstudiesontheinterpersonalmeaningsonglyrics,little relatedworksCanbefoundexceptforafewarticlesandissertationscollectedfromthe academicwebsiteC心.Furthermore.themajorityof hemeitherhaven'ttouchedupon thetopicofpopularsongsorhavecarriedoutheiranalysisofjustonesong,which inevitablycannotmakeg neralizedf ndingswithwideapplication. HencetheauthortriestOmakeatentativestudyontheinterpersonalmeaningn EnglishpopularsonglyricsEPSLs.Usingbomthequalitativendthequantitative researchmethods,theau orwillanalyzethetoptensongsinBillboard2012Year-End Hot100underthefi-ameworkofinterpersonalmeaningwithinHalliday'sFunctional GrammarandtheattitudesystemwithinMartin'sAppraisalTheory.nleanalysiswillbe conductedfromthreeaspects:themoodsystem,themodalitysystemandtheattitude system.It'shopedthathispapermayfindtheparticularre lizingdevicesof interpersonalmeaninginEnglishpopularsonglyrics,whichnotonlycantes tifythatthe interpersonalmeaningtheoryc趾 beappliedtodiscourseanalysissuchassonglyrics,but alsomaygivesomepracticalhelptothethreegroupsofpeopleinvolvedinsongs,i.e.the songwriter,thesingerandtheaudience. Accordingtothestatistics,theauthormakesthefollowingfindings:inmoodsystem, thedeclarativemoodOccurswithamuchhigherfrequencythanthatofimperativemood ? 硕士学位论文MASTER‘STHESIS andinterrogativemood;firstpersonpronounsandsecondpersonpronounsaremployed inlargemounts;andmodaladjunctsexpressingu uality,timeandintensityareusedthe mostfrequently.Inmodalitysystem,modaloperatorsassociatedwithprobability, inclinationndobligationoccurthemost.Amongdalverbsexpressingprobability, thosewithlowvalueandmedianvalueappearthemost;amongdalverbsexpressing inclination,thosewithmedianvaluearethemostfrequentlyusedones;andm ongmodal verbsexpressingobligation,thosewithlowvaluearemployedthmost.Inattitude system,languageresourc圮 sindicatinghearrator'saffectaboutorappreciationof somethingarefoundtotakealargeamount.Wordsrelatedothenarrator’Saffectare mainlyassociatedwi lltheun/happinessorin/ ecurityvariables.Andthoser flectingthe narrator’sappreciationofsomethinge therdisplaythequalityofitdirectlyordescribe theimpactits rikesthenarrator. Analysisoftheinterpersonalmeaninginsonglyricsisaninterestingyetchallenging job.Furtherresearchintotheinterpersonalmeaningamuchlargernumberofsongs needstobeconductedS0asto姐ddamoreg neralizedresult. Keywords:Englishpopularsongs;interpersonalmeani g;mood;modality;attitude ? 硕士学位论文MASTER’STHESIS CoNTENTS ACKNO职,LEDGEMENTS?一一。..i 摘j要.??一.?..ii Abstract??~??..??iii 1.Introduction?.?.??..1 1.1TheTopicoftheThesis1 1.2PreviousStudiesontheTopic.?.?.??.?..?..?..?.??.?.??..?..?..?.? 1 1.3ThePurposeandSignificanceofthThesis..??...?..?.??..??..?.3 1.4TheStructureoftheThesis..3 2.Literatllrl,Review..?..5 2.1PreviousSt diesOilInterpersonalMeaning.?...?..?.?.?.?,?.??...5 2.1.1StudiesonInterpersonalMeaningAbroad.?.?.?.?.?.?.?..?5 2.1.2StudiesOnInterpersonalMeaningatHome??..?..??..??,.??...??..? 8 2.2PreviousStudiesonSongLyrics?.?.?.?.?.....??...?..10 2.3PreviousStudieSonInterpersonalMeaningnSongLyrics?一ll 3.TheoreticalFramework?.1:1 3.1InterpersonalFunctioninHaJliday'sFunctionalGrammar??.12 3.1.1Mood??.13 :I.1.2Modality..17 3.2InterpersonalFunctioninMartin'sAppraisalTheory??l8 3.2.1Attitude?.18 3.2.2EngagementandGraduation?..?.??.21 4.TheAnalysisofInterpersonalMea inginEnglishPopularSongLyrics?..23 4.1MoodSysteminEnglishPopularSongLyrics??..23 4.1.1InterpersonalMeaningofMoodTypesinEPSLs一23 4.1.2InterpersonalMeaningofPersonalPronounsinEPSLs,25 4.1.3InterpersonalMeaningofModalAdjunctsinEPSLs??28 4.2ModalitySysteminEnglishPopularSongLyrics..31 4.2.1ModalOperatorsExpressingProbability??32 4.2.2ModalOperatorsExpressingInclination?.?.??.?.?.??....32 4.2.3ModalOperatorsExpressingObligation??..?...?...?..?..?.33 4.3AttitudeSysteminEnglishPopularSongLyrics?.?..?..?..?..?...?..? ..34 4.3.1InterpersonalMeaningofAffectinEPSLs.?.....?.??..35 4.3.2InterpersonalMeaningofApprcciati叩inEPSLs一35 5.Conclusion??.37 Bibliography??...??..40 Appendix ? 硕士学位论文M.ASTER7STHESIS 1.Introduction 1.1TheTopicoftheThesis Nowadaysmoreandmollpeoplearebeginningtorealizethatlanguageisno longerjustatoolofcommunication,itcanhelpthemestablishandmaintains ocial relationswithothers. InhisbookIntroducingFunctionalGr mmar,Thompsonsaidthat” efthe mainpurposesofcommunicatingisto nteractwi hotherpeople:toestablishand maintainappropriatesociallinkswiththem”Thompson2008:45.Hethinkst hatwhen peopletellotherssomething,theybearapurposeintheirminds:theymaywantto provideotherswi诅 1someparticularinformation,ortoexplaintheirownattitudesor behavior,ortohaveothergprovideth m谢也 informationtheyneed,ortoinfluence otherpeople’Sattitudesorbehavior,etc.Thuswheni teracting谢也 others,peoplenot onlyconveyaparticularmessage.butalsoestablishandmaintainsociallinkswi也them. Inthisense,peopleuselanguagetocommunicatefromtwoaspects:informationand interaction.Informationreferstothemessagethaddresserintendsto end,while interactionreferstotheinterpersonalelationshipsegotiatedbetweenth eparticipants involved. 一 PeterVLamarqueregardslanguage觞” anegotiatingtoolwhichisnotonlycrucial inface?to?faceint ractionbutalsointheactivityofawriterwhotriestonegotiatewi h his/herreaderstocommunicateme nings”quotedin闻华 2009:1.AndHuZhuanglin holdsaviewthatdiscourseref rstoanyformofnatul'all nguagethatisnototally confmedtosyntacticalrulesbutCallexpresscompletesemanticmeaningsinaparticular context.Thepurposeftheaddresseri tofinishaspecifictaskortocarryoutsome certainbehavior王寅 2009.Appreciatedbytheaudiencethformofsongs,lyricsis aspecialtypeofdiscourselyingbetweenwrittendiscourseandoraldiscourse.Itisoneof themostwidespreadandinfluentialformsofcontemporaryculture.Thereasonwhyit’S SOuniversalisthati Cannotonlycontinuei timebutalsoCanexpandinspace.Andthe reasonwhyit'soinfluentialliesinmanyfunctionstcallperformsuchasentertaining, comforting,encouraging,educating,andSOon.Allthesefunctionsc meintoworkonthe partofthelisteners,henceitmakesseusetostudytheinterpersonalmeaningnsong lyrics. 1.2PreviousSt diesOHtheTopic Scholarsathomeandabroadhaveconductedagreatdealofresearchintothe interpersonalmeaningoflanguagefromvariousperspectives.Amongthem,Halliday's 1 ? 硕士学位论文MASTER’STHESIS interpersonalfunctionandMartin'sAppraisalTheoryhaveenjoyedawideapplicationin discourseanalysis. InhisbookAnIntroductiontoFunctionalGrammar,Hallidayovertlyspeaksthat theclauseorganizestselfnotonlyaSamessage,butalsoasallinteractiveactivity betweentheaddresserandtheaddresseeHalliday1994:129.BasedOilthetwo pairsof distinctionshemakesbetweengivingor demandinga dinformationor goods-and-services,heholdsthatherearefourbasicspeechfunctions:statement, question,offerandcommand.Heattributestheinterpersonalfunctionoflanguagem inly tothreesystems:themoodsystem,themodalitysystemandtheintonationsystem.Mood dealswithlanguageresourcesindicatingtheclausetypes,thesp echrolesofthe addresserandtheaddressee,andtheaddresser'sattitudesorjudgments.Modalityrefers totheintermediatedegr esb tweeny sandilO.Whenitisinformationthatsbeing exchanged,themodalitynvolvestheprobabilityandusuality.Whenit is goods-and-servicesthatisbeingexchanged,themodalitynvolvesinclinationnd obligation. Martina dRoseputforwardtheAppraisaJTheory,whichisasystemof interpersonalmeaningdealingwithwhatiscalledevaluationinHalliday'smodel.Itis concernedwitht efollowingthreeaspects:thekindsofattitudeswhicharembeddedin adiscourse,thestren#aofthefeelingsinvolvedanthewaysinwhichopinionsal'e madeauthoritativeandtheaudiencearewonoverMartin&Rose。 2007:22.Sothey dividesAppraisalTheoryintothreesubsystems:attitude,engagementandgradu tion. Attitudedeals、】 vithourfeelings,coveringourmotionsatheart,judgmentsofother people’Sbehaviorandappreciationofsomething;engagementisconcer edwithhowto makeOUrvaluesauthoritativeandth nwinovertheaudience;andgr duationis associatedwiththewaysinwhichfeelingsareoverstatedorun erstatedandheline betweenthi gsaremadeunclear. Asforpreviousst dieson onglyrics,itCanbediscussedfromtwoperspectives: linguisticperspectiveandnon-linguisticperspective.Withinthescopeoflinguistics, scholarshavediscussedaboutsonglyricsfromthefollowing‘aspects:theac ura e phonationofwordsin ongs;thegrammaticalvariationsinsongs;thefiguresofspeech usedinsongs;thetranslationtech iquesemployedinsongs;andtheuseofsongsin languageteaching.Studiescarr doutfromotherperspectivesdiscu sthenlightenments reflectedinsongs;theaestheticvaluesof ongs;thelit raryp opertyofsongs;the psychologicalrso ialvaluesembeddedinsongs;andthedevelopmenthistoryfsongs 叶丽珍2005.WhenitcomestothepreviousstudiesOn onglyricsfromthe perspectiveofint rpersonalmea ing,onlyafewarticlesanddissertationsCanbefound 2 ?砒MAST?ER'STH文E溺 . ontheacademicwebsiteCNKI.Andthemajorityofthemeitherhaven’ttoucheduponthe topicofpopularsongsorhavecarriedoutheiranalysisbyfocusingonjustonesingle song. 1.3ThePurposeandSignificanceoftheThesis Nowadayspeoplecanenjoymusicwhereverandwheneverth ywant.Thereason whypopularsongsaresoadoredbytheyoungprobablyisthattheseongsnotonlyhave beautifulmelodies,butalsocanentertainhem,comfortthem,encouragethem, ducate themandSOforth.Thesefunctionsthatsongscanperformnlycomeintoeffectonthe conditionhathelistenersaregettingvolved.Thisprovesthatsonglyricsisrichin interpersonalmea ing.However,littlepreviousstudiesontheinterpersonalmeaningjn songslyricsanbefound.Sotheauthortriestomakeatentativestudyonthe interpersonalmeaningiIlEnglishpopularsongs.Thetopt nsongsonBillboard2012 Year-EndHot100arechosenasmaterialstobeanalyzed.Theanalysiswillbecarriedout withintheframeworkofHaUiday'sinterpersonalfunctionandMartin'sappraisaltheory, dealingwitht reeaspects:themoodsystem,theodalitysystemandtheattitudesystem. It’ShopedthathethesisCanfindoutheparticularrealizingdevicesofinterpersonal meaninginEnglishpopularsongs. Sincelittlemsearchhasbeenconductedintotheinvestigationofinterpersonal meaningiIlsonglyrics,theauthorattemptstohaveatryonthis,hopingthatthisstudy Cantestifytheapplicabilityofin erpersonalmeaningwithinHalliday’SFunctional GrammarandMartin。 SAppraisalTheorytodiscourseanalysislikesonglyrics.Besides,a songinvolvesthreegroupsofpeoplefromtheprocessofbeingcomposedtobeing enjoyed.They 锄.ethesongwriters,thesingersandtheaudience.Sothefindingsofthis thesismaybringsomegoodtoeachgroupofthem.Asforthewriters,acommandofthe waysinwhichinterpersonalmeaningisrealizedinsonglyricscangivethemahandin theirc eatioll;asfortheingers,adeepandthroughinterpretationofthenterpersonal meaningembeddedinsongsCanleadtoabetterperformanceonthestage;andasforthe audience,thefindingsofthistudymayhelpthemhaveabetterunderstandingofthe lyrics. 1.4TheStructureofthThesis Thethesisismadeupoffiveparts.Thefirstpartisintroduction,wherethetopicof thethesis,thepreviousresearchrelatedothetopic,thepurposeandsignificanceofthe study,andthelayoutofhepaperareallstated.Thesecondpartisliteraturereview,in whichalltherelevantstudiesavailablereprovided,includingpreviousstudieson interpersonalmeaningathomeandabroad,previousstudien onglyrics,plussome 3 ? 硕士学位论文MASTER’STHESIS articlesandissertationsdiscussingtherealizationof nterpersonalmeaninginsong lyrics.Thethirdpartisthetheoreticalframeworkforthestudy,whichCartbedividedinto twoaspects:Halliday'sFunctionalGr mmarandMartin'sAppraisalTheory.Herethe authoronlypresentsthemoodsystemandthemodalitysystemwithintheframeworkof interpersonalfunctionnHalliday'sFunctionalCvtamnlar.AsforMartin’sAppraisal Theory,theaut ormainlyelaboratesonheattitudesystem.Thefonhpartistheanalysis oftheinterpersonalmeaningnthetenEnglishpopularsongs.Basedonwhattheseongs haveincommon,theau orc nductstheanalysisfromthefollowingfiveaspects:the moodtypes,thepersonalpronouns,themodaldjuncts,themodaloperatorsandthe attituderesourec$.Thelastpartisaconclusion,wheretheauthorwillfirstlymakea summaryofthedevicesthatEnglishpopularsonglyricsfrequentlyemployt realizets interpersonalmeaning,andthenpointouthelimitationsofthestudyandthefuturework thatcanbedone. 4 2.LiteratureReview Thischapterr viewsthepreviousliteratureassociatedwitht ecentraltopicofthe thesis:theint rpersonalmeaninginsonglyrics。 Theauthorwillfirsthaveareviewof precedentr searchintointerpersonalmeaningbothathomeandabroad,thenmakea summaryofstudieson onglyrics,andfi allypresentthepointswhichhavebeen toucheduponi papersdi cussingthe terpersonalmea ingnsonglyrics. 2.1PreviousSt diesonInterpersonalMeaning Underthistitle,theauthorwillreviewpreviousst diesoninterpersonalmeaning athomeandabroad.Andunderthesubtitleofstudiesoninterpersonalmeaningabroad. theyaredividedintotwogroups:studiesfromtheperspectiveofl nguisticsandstudies 丘omtheperspectiveofotherdisciplines. 2.1.1StudiesOnInterpersonalMea ingAbroad 2.1.1.1StudiesOilInterpersonalMeaninginLinguistics Incurrentlinguisticudies,Wecaneasilyobservethatlinguiststendtoattach greatimportancetotheinterpersonala pectsoflanguage.Tiffstendencydoesnotcome intobeingallofasudden,butistheresultofalongtimeresearchintotheinterpersonal aspectsoflangnage. Malinowskifirstproposedtheconceptof”phaticcommunion”todescribethe interpersonalfunctionoflanguagewh nhemadeastudyonthelanguageofthe aboriginalonallislandinthePacificOcean胡壮麟 2005:12.Infact,phaticcommunion iscommonlyusedinOUrdailyife.Peoplewhohavenevermetorarenotfamiliarwith eachotherusuallystarttheircommunicationwi? lphaticcommunion,coveringtopics likeweather,environment,similarexperienceandSOforth.Herelanguageisanimportant waytoestablishandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople. InfluencedbyMalinowski,J.R.Firthalsomadegreatchievementsandsincehc taughtat heUniversityofLondon,thelinguisticchoolherepresentedis amedthe LondonSchool。Heholdsthatlanguageh salexicalandgrarmnaticalmeaningaSwellas ameaningnsocialcontext.Therefore,thestudyoflanguageshouldbebasedonasocial perspectiveSOthatitcanhelpusbetterunderstandthesocialnatureofourh uman beings闻华 2009.Firth'steachinggreatlyinfluencedhistudentM.A.K.Halliday.Both ofthemputmuchemphasisontheinterpersonalfunctionoflanguage.Later,M.A.K. HallidaydevelopedhisowntheorywhichiscalledSyst