[宝典]V-ing形式的用法

[宝典]V-ing形式的用法 Unit 3 Under the sea The use of V-ing V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。 一、 V-ing形式的名词特征 V-ing形式否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 Laying eggs is the ant queen?s full-time job. 主语 Her job is teaching. 表语 He is fond of playing football. 宾语 developing countries 定语 working people 定语 二、 V-ing形式作主语 1( V-ing形式作主语表示抽象的经常性的意义。 Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读对我们学习一门外语是很重要的。 Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被认为是一种好习惯。 V-ing形式在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词 +doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。 It„s no good waiting here. Let?s go home. 在这儿等没好处，咱们回家吧。 It is no use your complaining; the company won?t do anything about it. 抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。 ?V-ing形式在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile/worth等形容词 + doing”结构中作主语。 It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light. 用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。 It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again. 很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问。 ?V-ing形式在“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded. 不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。 There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。 ?V-ing作宾语 ?有些动词后面要求跟V-ing作宾语。常这样用的动词有: admit 承认 ; excuse 原谅 ; postpone 拖延 ;anticipate 期望; fancy 想象 practice 练习;appreciate 欣赏; finish 完成; prevent 防止; avoid 避免;forbid 禁止; propose 建议; consider 考虑; forgive 宽恕; delay 耽搁; imagine 想象; resent 厌恶; deny 否认; resist 抵制; keep 保留; risk 冒险; dislike 讨厌; mind 在意; miss 错过; suggest 建议; enjoy 喜欢; pardon 原谅;escape 逃避 He managed to escape suffering from the disease. 他设法避免患那种疾病。 Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter. 史密斯教授考虑在学生们学习下一章之前给他们一份读书。 When he came back home from his night shift, Jason tried to avoid wakening his family. 当杰逊下夜班回到家时，他尽力不弄醒他的家人。 The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night. 犯罪嫌疑人否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。 ?有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有: can?t stand 忍不住; can?t help 忍不住; feel like 想欲;give up 放弃; put off 推迟 After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear. 听完了那个滑稽故事，我们忍不住大笑了。 Do you feel like taking a walk? 你要不要去散步, ?V-ing形式常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。常这样用的介词短语有: instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。 I'm looking forward to your coming next time. 我期待着您下一次的到来。 Thank you for offering me so much help. 感谢你们给我提供了这么多的帮助。 He is fond of watching sports-games. 他喜欢观看体育竞赛。 ?在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + V-ing形式;be busy (in) + V-ing形式;waste time (in) + V-ing形式;lost time (in) + V-ing形式;There is no point (in) + V-ing形式”等结构中， V-ing形式做介词宾语，in常要省去。 The children are busy doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。 There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. 再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。 二、动名词可具有时态意义 动名词可以像动词那样表现时态意义，有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)之分。动名词的时态意义是一个相对的概念，从属于句中谓语动词。一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，或表示一般性动作，没有时间概念;完成式表示动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。 The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time. 那位秘书因没有按时将打印出来而受责备。(动名词的完成时态) I regret having said some rude words to my brother. 我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。 We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing. 我们不知道他们干过这种事情。 三、动名词可具有语态意义 如果动名词与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，即逻辑主语是接受动名词的动作，需用其被动形式(being done，having been done)。 其否定形式是:not being done, not having been done People hate being praised for nothing . 人们不喜欢无缘无故的赞扬。 The problem is far from being solved . 这问题远没得到解决。 She didn't mind being left alone at home . 她不介意被一人留在家里。 注意 ?在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。 This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。 The problem requires studying carefully. 这个问题需要认真研究。 The trees want watering. 这些树需要浇水了。 ?在(be)worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。 His suggestion is worth considering. The book is worth reading. 在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词? 或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: We don?t allow smoking here. We don?t allow students to smoke. Exercises 1. The thief entered the room without _____. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed 2. Besides _____, she is kind and tender. A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful 3. He apologized for _____. A. his not being able to come B. his being not able to come C. his being able not to come D. him not being able to come 4. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _____ and _____ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 5. I am busy _____ for the entrance examination, so I can?t help _____ housework at home. A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do 6. ______the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail 7. _____ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 8. I don't think it's much good _____ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 9. Such books are not worthy _____ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 10. It is no use ________ without through _________. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understand 11. Sorry, we don?t allow __________ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking 12. They don?t permit __________ noise her. A. to make B. make C. making D. made 13. The sentence wants __________ once more. A. to explain B. explaining C. being explained D. to be explained it 14. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed __________. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 15. Ali said that she wouldnt?mind _________ alone at home. A. left B. being left C. to be left D. leaving 16. She __________ the key. A. admitted taking B. admitted taking C. admitted having taken D. admitted to have taken 17. — Did you enjoy yourself last night? — It?s very nice of you. I appreciated _____ to the party. A. to be invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited 18. While we?re developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _____. A. from polluting B. polluted C. polluting D. being polluted Keys: BBADA BDAAB CCBCB CDD