中考英语复习不定代词和不定副词的用法总结 人教新目标版

中考英语复习不定代词和不定副词的用法总结 人教新目标版 中考英语复习不定代词和不定副词的用法总结 语法: 1(不定代词和不定副词的用法总结 A. 不定代词的用法总结 英语中，不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。一般有以下几组: 1) some, any, no 2) somebody, anybody, nobody someone, anyone, no one (注意不要连写) something, anything, nothing 3) one, none 4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both 5) everybody, everyone, everything 6) many, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of 1) some, any, no的用法 a. some和any通常用于示不定数或不定量，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。some表示“几个;一些;部分”，多用于肯定句里表示肯定的意思;而any表示“一些;什么;任何;”，对用于否定句或疑问句中表示否定或疑问的意思。如: * He asked me some questions. (他问了我几个问题。) * Some of us don’t like the music in this movie. (我们当中的一些人不喜欢这部电影里的音乐。) * Some of the bread has been eaten. (面包已吃了一些。) * Are there any stamps in this post office? (这个邮局里有邮票吗,) * I didn’t have any cigarettes, so I went out to buy some. (我没有香烟了，所以出去买了一些。) b. 刚才我们说some一般用于肯定句而any一般用于否定句和疑问句。但有时也有例外。这要根据句子意思来看。如: * I could not answer some of his questions. (我不能回答他的某些问题。) (some用在否定句中表示“一些;部分”。如果说成:I could not answer any of his questions.意思就变了，它表示“我不能回答他的任何问题。”) * Will you get me some apples on your way back? (在你回来的路上可以给我带一些苹果吗,) (some用在疑问句中大多表示“请求” 或“建议”) * Let me know if you hear any news. (如果你有任何消息请告诉我。) (any用在条件从句中表示“任何”) * “What would you like to drink?” “Any will do.” (“你想喝什么,”“哪种都行。”) (any在这里表示“任何”) c. no在句子中作定语，表示否定，意思是“没有;不是”，它可以修饰可数名词的单数和复数形式或不可数名词。如: * There are no letters for you today. (今天没有你的信。) * I have no money at the moment. Could you lend me some? (我现在没有钱。你能借我一些吗,) 2) 复合不定代词的用法 a. 不定代词some, any, no与-one, -body, -thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是: someone anyone no one 用心 爱心 专心 119号编辑 1 somebody anybody nobody something anything nothing 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语等。 b. 因为some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句或疑问句，no表示完全否定，因此由some, any, no与-one, -body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。 * Did you meet anyone on your way home? (在回家的路上你遇见什么人吗,) * I am sure someone will come to help us. (我坚信会有人来帮助我们的。) * I am a stranger. I know nobody here. (我是一个陌生人，我不认识这里的任何人。) c. 第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只能用于表示人，它们的形式是单数形式，但有时可以用they或them指代。如: * There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talking? (你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗,) (them指代someone) * No one was kinder to me at that time than Rose. (那时，没有一个人比Rose对我更好。) d. 第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如: * There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it. * Why don’t you say something to me? * He looked at me and didn’t say anything. * Nothing can be done to save her life. e. 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必须后置。如: * Somebody important has arrived, I’m sure. (important修饰somebody) * Is there anything interesting on TV tonight? (interesting修饰anything) 3) one和none的用法 none的用法我们已经在前面几讲中提过，这里就不详细说了。 不定代词one指代可数名词的单数，即可以指人，也可以指物。它的复数形式是ones。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。如: * He is not the one who is easily cheated. (one指人) * I’ve made some cakes. Would you like one of them? (one指物) * I prefer red roses to white ones. (ones指物) * Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago? (ones指人) 4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both a. every只有形容词的性质，在句子中作定语。常用于修饰单数的可数名词。表示“每个;各个”，还可以表示“一切”。如: * After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone. * Every time I ring you up, your mother answers it. * I shall do my best to help you in every way. (我将尽用一切帮助你。) every还可以和-one, -thing, -body构成复合不定代词，即:everyone, everything, everybody。其中，everyone和everybody用于指人，意思一样，都是“每人;大家”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。everything用于指物，意思是“每件事;一切”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。如: 用心 爱心 专心 119号编辑 2 * One can’t have everything. * Everything goes well with me. * The town is so small that everybody knows everybody else. 注意:在使用everyone时要注意和every one相区别。everyone是一个不定代词而every one是一个词组，前者只能指人而后者既可以指人也可以指物。请注意下列例句: * Everyone will be here except Patrick. (everyone 指人) * Every one of the children will get a gift. (every one也指人) *We played several matches against the visitors, but unluckily lost every one. (every one指物) b. each的意思是“每个;各自的”，可以指人，也可以指物。如: * I leave home at 7 a.m. each day. * On each floor there are about twenty classrooms. * Each of them has received a letter. 由于each和every的意思相近，都表示“每一个”，因此要特别注意它们的区别。each所描述的对象至少是两个数目中的每一个，而every所描述的对象至少是三个数目中的每一个;every着重强调整体的含义而each着重强调个别;every只能作形容词放于名词前而each可以作形容词、代词和副词。如: (每一个人都知道应该做什么/他的工作。) (在这两个句子中用every和each都可以) *You can see a lot of new shops on each side of the street. (因为街道只有两边因此不能用every) (在操场的每一边都有许多学生。) (在这两个句子中用every和each都可以) *Each has too coats. (each是代词不能换用every) 用心 爱心 专心 119号编辑 3 c. other可以指人也可以指物，表示“另外的人或事物”，其后可以接单数或复数的名词;此 外，other也有复数形式，是others。如: * He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor. *Some children like milk chocolate, other children prefer plain chocolate. *We should not think only of ourselves, we should think of others first. d. another的意思是“另一个;再一个;又一个”，通常只能修饰单数的名词或代词，泛指“不 定数目中的另一个”。如: * They went into another room but still didn’t see anyone. * Would you like to try another kind of drink? * I don't like this hat; please show me another. 注意:other和another都有“另外的”意思，要注意它们的区别。首先一般来说，两者中的 “另一个”是the other，不定数目中的“另一个”是another。如: * She has a book in one hand and a pen in the other. (这里表示两只手中的另一个因此用the other) * This cup is broken. Get me another, please. 其次，other的后面可以接单数或复数的名词而another的后面只能接单数名词。如: * He has other brothers. * Where is the other shoe? * I am not very well today. Tell them I will go and see them another day. 第三，other有复数形式，泛指别人时通常不加冠词;而在表示其他的人时常常要加定冠词; 而another没有复数形式。如: * Some went to the People’s Park, others visited the zoo. * Could you tell the others that I’ll be late? 5) many, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of 这些词都可以用来表示数量，但它们的用法也应当注意。 a. many和much 这两个词都表示“许多;大量”，它们的比较级和最高级是more和most。它们的不 同在于:many只能指代或修饰可数名词的复数，much一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词。如: * I am not sure whether many people will come to the party. * “Do you any books on English grammar?” “Yes, but not many.” (这里的many指代上文的books) * Much time will be saved if you plan your work very well. (time是不可数名词，因此用much) * He didn’t have much for dinner because he felt sick. (所吃的东西是不可数的因此用much指代) b. (a) few和 (a) little a few和a little是一对用作表示数量的不定代词的固定词组，它们具有名词和形容词的 性质，它们的意思是“少数;少量”，都表示肯定的意思。它们的不同点是:a few指代或修 饰可数名词的复数，a little指代或修饰不可数名词。如: * Only a few of the children in this village can read. (因为children是可数名词的复数因此用a few) * “How many pieces do you want?” “Just a few please.” (这里的a few指代上文的pieces。) 用心 爱心 专心 119号编辑 4 * There was a little rain just now and the air is fresh now. (rain是不可数名词因此要用a little) * I have done only a little for you. (这里的a little指代所做的事情是不可数名词) few和little表示否定，意思是“几乎一点没有”，相当于not „ many或not „ much。和a few和a little一样，few指代或修饰可数名词的复数而little指代或修饰不可数名词指代或修饰不可数名词。如: * Few visitors enjoyed the trip to London. (few修饰的是可数名词visitors) * A lot of guests were invited but few came. (few指代上文的guests) * He did little homework that afternoon. (few修饰不可数名词homework) * There is little to be done about it. (关于这件事没有什么可做的了。) (little指代索要做的事情) few的比较级和最高级是:fewer，fewest;little的比较级和最高级是:less，least。 c. a lot of和lots of 这两个词组的意思都是“大量的;许多的”，后面既修饰能可数名词复数也能修饰不可数名词，可以代 替many和much使用。如: (许多人站在那里观看篮球比赛。) a lot可以于动词之后作状语。如: 用心 爱心 专心 119号编辑 5 * Thanks a lot. (非常感谢。) * “Do you have any English books?” “Sorry, I don't, but there are a lot in the school library.” (“你有什么英语书吗,”“对不起，我没有。但是学校图书馆里有很多。”) * Smoking a lot is bad for your health. (抽太多的烟对健康有害。) 三、练习 I. 单项填空 1. --Which would you like to drink, tea or coffee? --________, thanks. I’m not thirsty. A. Either B. Neither C. Little D. Few 2. The students are doing some cleaning. Some are sweeping the floor, ________ are cleaning the desks and chairs. A. other B. the other C. another D. others 3. My parents are ________ doctors. A. both B. all C. either D. neither 4. There is ________ with my computer. I can’t work on. A. wrong anything B. anything wrong C. wrong something D. something wrong B, D, A, D 5. The wind was blowing strongly. ________ people walked in the street. A. Little B. A little C. Few D. A few 6. Hurry up. There is ________ time left. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few C, B. 用心 爱心 专心 119号编辑 6 用心 爱心 专心 119号编辑 7