wifi自制无线网络天线

wifi自制无线网络天线 1在使用无线网络的时候，你肯定会遇到或即将遇到这些令人不爽的问题。解决这些问题，除了减少遮挡物、减少同频段设备的干扰外，最有效的方法就是更换高增益的天线了，用天线加强无线网络的传输效果、覆盖范围。然而，购买无线增益天线需要掏出不少银子，可能花费上百元甚至上千元的费用。 “鱼与熊掌”都想兼得的我们，是否能找到两全其美的办法呢?对于DIY迷来说，这个问题是非常简单、也非常有趣的，因为在家里，很多日用品、甚至废弃物都可以作为制作无线天线的材料。当然，人人都可动手制作无线天线„„ 基础不可无: 增益天线工作原理 别急于下手制作，动手制作之前，我们还得了解一下无线增益天线的基本工作原理。只有有了一定的理论基础，我们才能制作出效果极佳的天线。 关键词:抛物面、焦点 对于增益天线工作原理较为通俗的说法就是:在现有天线周围放置的金属抛物面，使天线位于抛物面的内反射焦点处，通过电磁波反射在焦点处形成能量集中，从而增强电磁信号的收发，实现在特定方向增强信号。 制作简单的增益天线的关键就在于找到比较规则的金属抛物面和计算抛物面的焦点位置。金属抛物面并不一定要求用金属板，也可以是网状、栅栏状金属材料。焦点位置的确定需要根据所选抛物面的形状来计算。 计算公式:F=D×D/16H (m) 其中，D为抛物面的直径，H为抛物面的深度，单位为m。 考虑到存在一定误差，因此可以用更简单的估算公式进行计算，即F=0.3D,0.4D。 在一个简单的Wi-Fi无线网络中，包括无线路由器或无线AP，以及无线网卡等。因此，要增强无线信号的传输效率，要从增加无线路由器或无线AP天线的收发增益和无线网卡收发增益两个方面入手。 接下来，就让我们来看看无线路由器或无线AP的增益天线的制作方法和无线网卡增益天线的制作方法。 易拉罐 变 无线路由器增益天线 提高无线设备之间的传输效率，首先要考虑增加无线路由器(无线AP)天线的增益，在不更换现有设备天线的情况下，最好的办法就是将现有天线改装为增益天线，以达到提高无线路由器(无线AP)天线收发效率的目的，进而提高传输距离和速率。 that the wiring is correct, the operation is flexible, auxiliary contact is accurate. 11 current and voltage circuits check: current transformer wiring is correct, correct polarity, the secondary side are not allowed to open. 5.3.2.2 debugging 12 wiring insulation resistance test methods: secondary circuit insulation resistance must be greater than 1M (use 500V megohmmeter to check). 2 control loop simulation action test: disconnect electrical line of main loop switch outlet at, motor, electrical equipment not by electric, connected control power, check the Department of voltage whether meet provides, lights following electrical, work whether normal; operation the button or switch, corresponding of the following electrical, and contact device of sucking collection and release are should quickly, the related lights indicates to meet drawings requirements; with artificial simulation of method try moving the protection components, should can achieved quickly, and accurate, and reliable of protection function; manual the trip switch, Check its limited bit role of directional and the reliability; on has electrical joint lock link of equipment, should according to principle figure check chain function anti-mine grounding system debugging 5.3.3.1 grounding resistance of test method following figure by shows, along was measuring grounding very E' makes potential detection needle P' and current detection needle C' according to line each other apart 20m, insert to in the, and 关键词:抛物面、焦点 制作材料:金属桶、原有无线路由器天线 辅助工具:剪刀或手锯、尺子、计算器、纸、笔 第一步，寻找材料 目前常见的无线路由器或无线AP的天线一般都是线型且竖直向上的，考虑到要做成这样的形状就需要寻找桶状的金属器皿，材料不必太坚硬以便根据情况进行切割，也不要太沉重以免增加固定的难度。 不过，聪明的你可能马上就会想到牛奶桶、手机包装桶、易拉罐等，这些都是制作无线路由器(无线AP)增益天线的好材料。 第二步，切割金属桶 根据无线路由器(无线AP)现有天线的长度和位置，将金属桶进行垂直切割，可以留下一个底面以方便固定。为了制作简单，建议直接使用材质较软的易拉罐， 图1)。 用剪刀将易拉罐剪为对称的两个部分，将侧面分为均等的两个部分( 图1 第三步，计算焦点位置 直接套用上面介绍的公式即可，之后需要根据实际情况进行适当的移动，寻找最佳位置点。可以借助无线网卡自带的软件进行测量，选择好焦点后就可以进行固定。 第四步，固定金属桶 为了将切割好的金属桶充分起到在特定方向增加天线增益的作用，需要将线状天线均匀固定在金属桶的柱状抛物面的焦点处。选择好焦点位置之后，为了方便今后的使用，需要使金属桶与天线之间相对固定。固定的方法就可以充分发挥你的聪明才智了。总之使用非金属材料固定即可。图2就是使用胶带进行固定的效果图。 图2 that the wiring is correct, the operation is flexible, auxiliary contact is accurate. 11 current and voltage circuits check: current transformer wiring is correct, correct polarity, the secondary side are not allowed to open. 5.3.2.2 debugging 12 wiring insulation resistance test methods: secondary circuit insulation resistance must be greater than 1M (use 500V megohmmeter to check). 2 control loop simulation action test: disconnect electrical line of main loop switch outlet at, motor, electrical equipment not by electric, connected control power, check the Department of voltage whether meet provides, lights following electrical, work whether normal; operation the button or switch, corresponding of the following electrical, and contact device of sucking collection and release are should quickly, the related lights indicates to meet drawings requirements; with artificial simulation of method try moving the protection components, should can achieved quickly, and accurate, and reliable of protection function; manual the trip switch, Check its limited bit role of directional and the reliability; on has electrical joint lock link of equipment, should according to principle figure check chain function anti-mine grounding system debugging 5.3.3.1 grounding resistance of test method following figure by shows, along was measuring grounding very E' makes potential detection needle P' and current detection needle C' according to line each other apart 20m, insert to in the, and 经过以上四步的制作之后，一个最简易的无线路由器(无线AP)的增益天线就制作好了，将天线朝向无线网卡所在的位置，马上检测一下效果如何吧。 方法总结:这种方法就是根据我们上面介绍的制作增益天线的基本原理，将无线路由器(无线AP)的原有天线改装为效果更好的增益天线，关键之处就是自己一定要选择好合适的金属抛物面材料，计算好抛物面焦点，其特点是简单、零成本。 漏勺 变 无线网卡增益天线 如果无线路由器或无线AP不适合加装增益天线，那么我们该如何增加无线信号的传输距离和效率呢?显然，只有给无线网卡增加增益天线了。下面笔者以USB无线网卡为基础元件，介绍一下如何制作无线网卡增益天线。 关键词:抛物面、焦点、支架 制作材料:金属抛物面、USB无线网卡 辅助工具:手锯、尖头钳子、橡胶管、USB连接线、尺子、计算器、纸、笔 第一步，寻找材料 首先寻找有规则抛物面的金属器具，那么你会想到什么呢?很快你就会想到家里的铁锅，但是铁锅质量较重且不适合固定和安装，也不美观。好在，我们的祖先在千年以前就为我们发明了制作增益天线的好物件“漏勺”(图3)，是不是有点疑问?马上你就知道它除了可以用来捞饺子和面条，还能用来制作增益天线。 图3 第二步，准备工具 制作过程中可能用到的工具有手锯、尖头钳子、橡胶管以及USB连接线等。手锯是用于将漏勺把锯掉或让它长短合适。尖头钳子则用于在漏勺中心为橡胶管剪一个合适的缺口(图4)。橡胶管的作用就是根据焦点的距离将USB接头固定在漏勺上;而USB连接线就是为了将无线网卡与电脑连接起来。 图4 当然，你还是要准备好一把尺子，如果必要也需要纸、笔和计算器，以测量和计算焦点位置。 that the wiring is correct, the operation is flexible, auxiliary contact is accurate. 11 current and voltage circuits check: current transformer wiring is correct, correct polarity, the secondary side are not allowed to open. 5.3.2.2 debugging 12 wiring insulation resistance test methods: secondary circuit insulation resistance must be greater than 1M (use 500V megohmmeter to check). 2 control loop simulation action test: disconnect electrical line of main loop switch outlet at, motor, electrical equipment not by electric, connected control power, check the Department of voltage whether meet provides, lights following electrical, work whether normal; operation the button or switch, corresponding of the following electrical, and contact device of sucking collection and release are should quickly, the related lights indicates to meet drawings requirements; with artificial simulation of method try moving the protection components, should can achieved quickly, and accurate, and reliable of protection function; manual the trip switch, Check its limited bit role of directional and the reliability; on has electrical joint lock link of equipment, should according to principle figure check chain function anti-mine grounding system debugging 5.3.3.1 grounding resistance of test method following figure by shows, along was measuring grounding very E' makes potential detection needle P' and current detection needle C' according to line each other apart 20m, insert to in the, and 第三步，计算焦点位置 确定了焦点位置才可以确定胶皮管的长度，才能固定胶皮管和无线网卡。 采用上面所介绍的焦点计算公式即可计算出焦点距离漏勺底部中心(胶皮管安放处)的长度，要注意的是要考虑USB网卡的长度，因为USB无线网卡的天线是内置的，USB网卡的内部结构和内置天线位置如图5所示。 图5 打开USB无线网卡，内置天线就位于左侧白色位置。这样只要保证USB无线网卡的底部位于焦点位置即可，如果USB无线网卡本身长度不够，则需要用胶皮管来支撑USB无线网卡。 第四步，固定USB无线网卡 在确定焦点位置之后，就可以对USB无线网卡进行固定了。一定要注意测量好USB网卡的长度和胶皮管的长度，二者连接后的长度之和应等于计算好的焦点距离(图6)。 图6 第五步，为天线制作支架 可以使用漏勺原来的竹板作为支撑，不过每次使用都需要找合适的位置固定，这种情况下就需要给天线制作一个支架，做一个三脚支架就很牢固。材料可以任意选择，只要支架材料与漏勺天线绝缘即可。例如，可以使用三只竹筷子做成一个支架，当然你也可以奢侈一点，用废旧的照相机的三脚架来做支架(图7)。 经过以上五个步骤，一个超酷的USB无线网卡增益天线就制作成功了，使用USB连接线与你的电脑相连，你就可以体验自制增益天线给你带来的“快感”了。 方法总结:这种方法也是根据我们所介绍的制作增益天线的基本原理，将USB无线网卡的原有天线改装为效果更好的增益天线，关键也在于要选择合适的金属抛物面材料，计算好抛物面焦点，其特点是效果显著、简单、零成本，是从末端增强无线信号收发效果的最佳解决。 that the wiring is correct, the operation is flexible, auxiliary contact is accurate. 11 current and voltage circuits check: current transformer wiring is correct, correct polarity, the secondary side are not allowed to open. 5.3.2.2 debugging 12 wiring insulation resistance test methods: secondary circuit insulation resistance must be greater than 1M (use 500V megohmmeter to check). 2 control loop simulation action test: disconnect electrical line of main loop switch outlet at, motor, electrical equipment not by electric, connected control power, check the Department of voltage whether meet provides, lights following electrical, work whether normal; operation the button or switch, corresponding of the following electrical, and contact device of sucking collection and release are should quickly, the related lights indicates to meet drawings requirements; with artificial simulation of method try moving the protection components, should can achieved quickly, and accurate, and reliable of protection function; manual the trip switch, Check its limited bit role of directional and the reliability; on has electrical joint lock link of equipment, should according to principle figure check chain function anti-mine grounding system debugging 5.3.3.1 grounding resistance of test method following figure by shows, along was measuring grounding very E' makes potential detection needle P' and current detection needle C' according to line each other apart 20m, insert to in the, and 怎么样，你已经快变成一个无线天线的DIY迷了吧，强烈的动手欲望肯定召唤着 你立刻动手。不过，还是要善意的提醒你，自制无线增益天线的稳定性和可靠性 都不一定能够达到市场上的成品天线所具备的效果。但是，有动手制作一个无线 增益天线的经历，也是很值得骄傲的，至少你通过制作过程，充分了解了增益天 线的工作原理，说不定你就可以制作出一款极具创意、外形超酷，而且效果极佳 的无线天线。 that the wiring is correct, the operation is flexible, auxiliary contact is accurate. 11 current and voltage circuits check: current transformer wiring is correct, correct polarity, the secondary side are not allowed to open. 5.3.2.2 debugging 12 wiring insulation resistance test methods: secondary circuit insulation resistance must be greater than 1M (use 500V megohmmeter to check). 2 control loop simulation action test: disconnect electrical line of main loop switch outlet at, motor, electrical equipment not by electric, connected control power, check the Department of voltage whether meet provides, lights following electrical, work whether normal; operation the button or switch, corresponding of the following electrical, and contact device of sucking collection and release are should quickly, the related lights indicates to meet drawings requirements; with artificial simulation of method try moving the protection components, should can achieved quickly, and accurate, and reliable of protection function; manual the trip switch, Check its limited bit role of directional and the reliability; on has electrical joint lock link of equipment, should according to principle figure check chain function anti-mine grounding system debugging 5.3.3.1 grounding resistance of test method following figure by shows, along was measuring grounding very E' makes potential detection needle P' and current detection needle C' according to line each other apart 20m, insert to in the, and