“主谓一致”：考点讲解和训练

“主谓一致”:考点讲解和训练 谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 一、语法一致的原则 1、以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如: He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. To work hard is necessary for a student. 2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Both he and I are right. Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如: His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come. 3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help. 4、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如: The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. 5、一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如: A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy. 6、由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如: Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. 7、有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Where are my shoes? I can’t find them. Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them. 如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。例如: Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 二、意义一致的原则 1、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如: Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is too dear. 2、有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如: My family is big one. My family are watching TV. 3、不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如: All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone. 4、疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如: Who is your brother? Who are League members? 5、“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如: It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea 6、half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如: I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick. 7、由what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: What she said is correct. What she left me are a few old books. 8、凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person. 三、邻近一致的原则 1、由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如: Either you or I am right. Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. 2、在“There be”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. 3、as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 4、以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you.