云南干阑式民居和湘西吊脚楼的异同

云南干阑式民居和湘西吊脚楼的异同 干阑式民居这是一种下部架空的住。它具有通风、防潮、防盗、防兽等优点，对于气候炎热、潮湿多雨的中国西南部亚热带地区非常适用，包括广西、贵州、云南、海南岛、台湾等地区。这类民居规模不大，一般三至五间，无院落，日常生活及生产活动皆在一幢房子内解决，对于平坎少，地形复杂的地区，尤能显露出其优越性。应用干阑民居的有傣族、壮族、侗族、苗族、黎族、景颇族、德昂族、布依族等民族。傣族民居多为竹木结构，茅草屋顶，故又称为竹楼。其下部架空，竹席铺地，席地而坐，有宽大的前廊和露天的晒台，外观上以低垂的檐部及陡峭的歇山屋顶为特色。壮族称干阑建筑为“麻栏”，以五开间者居多，采用木构的穿斗屋架。下边架空的支柱层多围以简易的栅栏作为畜圈及杂用。上层中间为堂屋，是日常起居、迎亲宴客、婚丧节日聚会之处。围绕堂屋分隔出卧室。侗族干阑与壮族麻栏类似，只是居室部分开敞外露较多，喜用挑廊及吊楼。同时侗族村寨中皆建造一座多檐的高耸的鼓楼，作为全村人活动的场所。村村各异，争奇斗巧，是侗族的一项宝贵的建筑遗产。苗族喜欢用半楼居，即结合地形，半挖半填，干阑架空一半的方式。黎族世居海南岛五指山，风大雨多，气候潮湿。其民居为一种架空不高的低干阑，上面覆盖着茅草的半圆形船篷顶，无墙无窗，前后有门，门外有船头，就像被架空起来的纵长形的船，故又称“船形屋”。景颇族、德昂族的干阑建筑的屋顶皆有民族的独特形式。而布依族的民居原来亦是干阑式房子，但居住在镇宁、安顺、六盘水一带的布依族，由于建筑材料的限制，则完全改用石头做房子，但其原型仍是干阑式规式。 云南景洪西双版纳的傣族村寨 Stems, root cause mechanical damage, looping root amputation at the wound to prevent infection. (3) category tree seedlings: a spindle should have a uniform distribution of main branches, branches, trunk diameter above 3.0CM; make trees of broadleaved trees branch height should be relatively consistent, with 3-5 main branch, trunk diameter of not less than 4cm, branch point is not less than 2.5M; coniferous trees with the spindle, there are primary. (4) shrubs class seedlings: tufted type shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and main collateral distribution uniform, and main branch number not less than 5 branch, at least has 3 branch above irrigation high reached provides standard; creeping type shrubs requirements at least has 3 branch above main branch reached provides standard length; vine health seedlings, and should points branch uniform, and main article number 5 branch above, and main article diameter 1.0CM above; going it alone type shrubs requirements with trunk, and points branch uniform, base diameter in 2.0CM above; hedge with shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and points branch uniform, and dry lower leaves no bare, More than 2 years old. All plants are shrubs should meet the specifications. (5) the solitary trees should be selected single planting ornamental tree is beautiful, high ornamental value of individual plants. (6) design should be selected when the bushes planted plant specifications, flowering shrubs such as rhododendron plants should select color uniform varieties, planting interval and density. 4, seedling planting project plants should be located according to the drawings, and with reference to the national standard and suitable to avoid lines, planting pits should be greater than the minimum thickness requirements, planting soil backfill compaction in layers to ensure that plants are firmly rooted in the ground, supported by large-size seedlingshe primary analysis of soil physical and chemical properties, such as pests, disinfection, pest control in advance. Garden plant growth by required of minimum planting soil thickness should meet Xia table (construction figure Shang indicate of except) vegetation type herb flower lawn to was small shrubs big shrubs shallow root trees deep root trees soil thickness 30 (CM) 30 (CM) 45 (CM) 60 (CM) 90 (CM) 120 (CM) planting soil should selection for plant growth of selective soil, as humic acid soil, and lawn fertilizer, and peat soil, and pH 5.5~7.0, humidity 30~70%, completely loose, Lawn planting soil roughness (soil surface should be lower than teeth pond 2~5cm). 2, planting garden of foundation engineering projects from planning to the construction stage, focus on after completion of landscaping, the overall goal is to create a good living environment for plants, create a garden and green space. Plant engineering of the project was to create the basis for plant growth, soil, it can be said is the garden project, is one of the most important works. Also planted phase of this project must be carried out by the local soil improvement project. 3, seedling selection requirements: (1) engineering seedling selection of cooked goods, provisions relating to plant size. Plant procurement specifications can be large, so as to achieve ecological effect in a short time. Seedlings should have ... Strong, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. (2) the project should have growth robust, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. 西双版纳傣族竹楼图 广西龙胜金竹寨的壮族住宅 Stems, root cause mechanical damage, looping root amputation at the wound to prevent infection. (3) category tree seedlings: a spindle should have a uniform distribution of main branches, branches, trunk diameter above 3.0CM; make trees of broadleaved trees branch height should be relatively consistent, with 3-5 main branch, trunk diameter of not less than 4cm, branch point is not less than 2.5M; coniferous trees with the spindle, there are primary. (4) shrubs class seedlings: tufted type shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and main collateral distribution uniform, and main branch number not less than 5 branch, at least has 3 branch above irrigation high reached provides standard; creeping type shrubs requirements at least has 3 branch above main branch reached provides standard length; vine health seedlings, and should points branch uniform, and main article number 5 branch above, and main article diameter 1.0CM above; going it alone type shrubs requirements with trunk, and points branch uniform, base diameter in 2.0CM above; hedge with shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and points branch uniform, and dry lower leaves no bare, More than 2 years old. All plants are shrubs should meet the specifications. (5) the solitary trees should be selected single planting ornamental tree is beautiful, high ornamental value of individual plants. (6) design should be selected when the bushes planted plant specifications, flowering shrubs such as rhododendron plants should select color uniform varieties, planting interval and density. 4, seedling planting project plants should be located according to the drawings, and with reference to the national standard and suitable to avoid lines, planting pits should be greater than the minimum thickness requirements, planting soil backfill compaction in layers to ensure that plants are firmly rooted in the ground, supported by large-size seedlingshe primary analysis of soil physical and chemical properties, such as pests, disinfection, pest control in advance. Garden plant growth by required of minimum planting soil thickness should meet Xia table (construction figure Shang indicate of except) vegetation type herb flower lawn to was small shrubs big shrubs shallow root trees deep root trees soil thickness 30 (CM) 30 (CM) 45 (CM) 60 (CM) 90 (CM) 120 (CM) planting soil should selection for plant growth of selective soil, as humic acid soil, and lawn fertilizer, and peat soil, and pH 5.5~7.0, humidity 30~70%, completely loose, Lawn planting soil roughness (soil surface should be lower than teeth pond 2~5cm). 2, planting garden of foundation engineering projects from planning to the construction stage, focus on after completion of landscaping, the overall goal is to create a good living environment for plants, create a garden and green space. Plant engineering of the project was to create the basis for plant growth, soil, it can be said is the garden project, is one of the most important works. Also planted phase of this project must be carried out by the local soil improvement project. 3, seedling selection requirements: (1) engineering seedling selection of cooked goods, provisions relating to plant size. Plant procurement specifications can be large, so as to achieve ecological effect in a short time. Seedlings should have ... Strong, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. (2) the project should have growth robust, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. 湘西吊脚楼建筑形式活泼，可临水，也可依山傍谷，或就建在田坝边。稍稍开凿修砌，选上好木料支撑起一座座或者一排排的吊楼来，旁边饰以几丛茂林修竹，省时又省工，温馨而有画境。这种楼飞檐翘角，三面环廊，"吊"着几根八菱形、四方形刻有绣球或金瓜的悬柱，壁板漆得光亮光亮的，并嵌有花窗，通风向阳。花窗也往往用意极深，镂有"双凤朝阳"、"喜鹊恋梅"等图案，古朴而秀雅。 吊脚楼的妙处，一是防潮避湿，通风干爽;二是节约土地，造价较廉;三是依山傍水或靠着田坝而建的吊脚楼，悬柱之间往往留有一定的空地，可喂养家畜，"人家吊脚楼下有小羊叫"(沈从文《鸭窠围的夜》)。 古老的黑瓦木结构吊脚楼，堂屋很敞亮，温暖而亲切。如有幸叩访，热情的湘西人泡茶筛酒，摆出种种野味，令人宾至如归。 湘西吊脚楼，属于古代干阑式建筑的范畴。所谓干阑式建筑，即是"体量较大，下屋架空，上层铺木板作居住用的"(庄裕光《干阑建筑》)一种房屋。这种建筑形式主要分布在南方，特别是长江流域地区，以及山区。因这些地域多水多雨，空气和地层湿度大，由于干阑式建筑是底层架空，对防潮和通风极为有利。 Stems, root cause mechanical damage, looping root amputation at the wound to prevent infection. (3) category tree seedlings: a spindle should have a uniform distribution of main branches, branches, trunk diameter above 3.0CM; make trees of broadleaved trees branch height should be relatively consistent, with 3-5 main branch, trunk diameter of not less than 4cm, branch point is not less than 2.5M; coniferous trees with the spindle, there are primary. (4) shrubs class seedlings: tufted type shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and main collateral distribution uniform, and main branch number not less than 5 branch, at least has 3 branch above irrigation high reached provides standard; creeping type shrubs requirements at least has 3 branch above main branch reached provides standard length; vine health seedlings, and should points branch uniform, and main article number 5 branch above, and main article diameter 1.0CM above; going it alone type shrubs requirements with trunk, and points branch uniform, base diameter in 2.0CM above; hedge with shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and points branch uniform, and dry lower leaves no bare, More than 2 years old. All plants are shrubs should meet the specifications. (5) the solitary trees should be selected single planting ornamental tree is beautiful, high ornamental value of individual plants. (6) design should be selected when the bushes planted plant specifications, flowering shrubs such as rhododendron plants should select color uniform varieties, planting interval and density. 4, seedling planting project plants should be located according to the drawings, and with reference to the national standard and suitable to avoid lines, planting pits should be greater than the minimum thickness requirements, planting soil backfill compaction in layers to ensure that plants are firmly rooted in the ground, supported by large-size seedlingshe primary analysis of soil physical and chemical properties, such as pests, disinfection, pest control in advance. Garden plant growth by required of minimum planting soil thickness should meet Xia table (construction figure Shang indicate of except) vegetation type herb flower lawn to was small shrubs big shrubs shallow root trees deep root trees soil thickness 30 (CM) 30 (CM) 45 (CM) 60 (CM) 90 (CM) 120 (CM) planting soil should selection for plant growth of selective soil, as humic acid soil, and lawn fertilizer, and peat soil, and pH 5.5~7.0, humidity 30~70%, completely loose, Lawn planting soil roughness (soil surface should be lower than teeth pond 2~5cm). 2, planting garden of foundation engineering projects from planning to the construction stage, focus on after completion of landscaping, the overall goal is to create a good living environment for plants, create a garden and green space. Plant engineering of the project was to create the basis for plant growth, soil, it can be said is the garden project, is one of the most important works. Also planted phase of this project must be carried out by the local soil improvement project. 3, seedling selection requirements: (1) engineering seedling selection of cooked goods, provisions relating to plant size. Plant procurement specifications can be large, so as to achieve ecological effect in a short time. Seedlings should have ... Strong, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. (2) the project should have growth robust, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. Stems, root cause mechanical damage, looping root amputation at the wound to prevent infection. (3) category tree seedlings: a spindle should have a uniform distribution of main branches, branches, trunk diameter above 3.0CM; make trees of broadleaved trees branch height should be relatively consistent, with 3-5 main branch, trunk diameter of not less than 4cm, branch point is not less than 2.5M; coniferous trees with the spindle, there are primary. (4) shrubs class seedlings: tufted type shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and main collateral distribution uniform, and main branch number not less than 5 branch, at least has 3 branch above irrigation high reached provides standard; creeping type shrubs requirements at least has 3 branch above main branch reached provides standard length; vine health seedlings, and should points branch uniform, and main article number 5 branch above, and main article diameter 1.0CM above; going it alone type shrubs requirements with trunk, and points branch uniform, base diameter in 2.0CM above; hedge with shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and points branch uniform, and dry lower leaves no bare, More than 2 years old. All plants are shrubs should meet the specifications. (5) the solitary trees should be selected single planting ornamental tree is beautiful, high ornamental value of individual plants. (6) design should be selected when the bushes planted plant specifications, flowering shrubs such as rhododendron plants should select color uniform varieties, planting interval and density. 4, seedling planting project plants should be located according to the drawings, and with reference to the national standard and suitable to avoid lines, planting pits should be greater than the minimum thickness requirements, planting soil backfill compaction in layers to ensure that plants are firmly rooted in the ground, supported by large-size seedlingshe primary analysis of soil physical and chemical properties, such as pests, disinfection, pest control in advance. Garden plant growth by required of minimum planting soil thickness should meet Xia table (construction figure Shang indicate of except) vegetation type herb flower lawn to was small shrubs big shrubs shallow root trees deep root trees soil thickness 30 (CM) 30 (CM) 45 (CM) 60 (CM) 90 (CM) 120 (CM) planting soil should selection for plant growth of selective soil, as humic acid soil, and lawn fertilizer, and peat soil, and pH 5.5~7.0, humidity 30~70%, completely loose, Lawn planting soil roughness (soil surface should be lower than teeth pond 2~5cm). 2, planting garden of foundation engineering projects from planning to the construction stage, focus on after completion of landscaping, the overall goal is to create a good living environment for plants, create a garden and green space. Plant engineering of the project was to create the basis for plant growth, soil, it can be said is the garden project, is one of the most important works. Also planted phase of this project must be carried out by the local soil improvement project. 3, seedling selection requirements: (1) engineering seedling selection of cooked goods, provisions relating to plant size. Plant procurement specifications can be large, so as to achieve ecological effect in a short time. Seedlings should have ... Strong, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. (2) the project should have growth robust, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. Stems, root cause mechanical damage, looping root amputation at the wound to prevent infection. (3) category tree seedlings: a spindle should have a uniform distribution of main branches, branches, trunk diameter above 3.0CM; make trees of broadleaved trees branch height should be relatively consistent, with 3-5 main branch, trunk diameter of not less than 4cm, branch point is not less than 2.5M; coniferous trees with the spindle, there are primary. (4) shrubs class seedlings: tufted type shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and main collateral distribution uniform, and main branch number not less than 5 branch, at least has 3 branch above irrigation high reached provides standard; creeping type shrubs requirements at least has 3 branch above main branch reached provides standard length; vine health seedlings, and should points branch uniform, and main article number 5 branch above, and main article diameter 1.0CM above; going it alone type shrubs requirements with trunk, and points branch uniform, base diameter in 2.0CM above; hedge with shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and points branch uniform, and dry lower leaves no bare, More than 2 years old. All plants are shrubs should meet the specifications. (5) the solitary trees should be selected single planting ornamental tree is beautiful, high ornamental value of individual plants. (6) design should be selected when the bushes planted plant specifications, flowering shrubs such as rhododendron plants should select color uniform varieties, planting interval and density. 4, seedling planting project plants should be located according to the drawings, and with reference to the national standard and suitable to avoid lines, planting pits should be greater than the minimum thickness requirements, planting soil backfill compaction in layers to ensure that plants are firmly rooted in the ground, supported by large-size seedlingshe primary analysis of soil physical and chemical properties, such as pests, disinfection, pest control in advance. Garden plant growth by required of minimum planting soil thickness should meet Xia table (construction figure Shang indicate of except) vegetation type herb flower lawn to was small shrubs big shrubs shallow root trees deep root trees soil thickness 30 (CM) 30 (CM) 45 (CM) 60 (CM) 90 (CM) 120 (CM) planting soil should selection for plant growth of selective soil, as humic acid soil, and lawn fertilizer, and peat soil, and pH 5.5~7.0, humidity 30~70%, completely loose, Lawn planting soil roughness (soil surface should be lower than teeth pond 2~5cm). 2, planting garden of foundation engineering projects from planning to the construction stage, focus on after completion of landscaping, the overall goal is to create a good living environment for plants, create a garden and green space. Plant engineering of the project was to create the basis for plant growth, soil, it can be said is the garden project, is one of the most important works. Also planted phase of this project must be carried out by the local soil improvement project. 3, seedling selection requirements: (1) engineering seedling selection of cooked goods, provisions relating to plant size. Plant procurement specifications can be large, so as to achieve ecological effect in a short time. Seedlings should have ... Strong, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. (2) the project should have growth robust, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. 小结; 相同点: 云南干阑式民居和湘西吊脚楼都属于古代干阑式建筑的范畴。所谓干阑式建筑，即是"体量较大，下屋架空，上层铺木板作居住用的"(庄裕光《干阑建筑》)一种房屋。它具有通风、防潮、防盗、防兽等优点，对于气候炎热、潮湿多雨的中国西南部亚热带地区非常适用。因这些地域多水多雨，空气和地层湿度大，由于干阑式建筑是底层架空，对防潮和通风极为有利。 不同点: 云南干阑式民居 干阑式建筑主要分布在西双版纳全境和德宏州的瑞丽，遮放坝子。干阑式住房以竹术为材料，木材作房架，竹子作檩、掾、楼面、墙、梯、栏等，各部件的连接用榫卯和竹蔑绑扎，为单幢建筑，各家自成院落，各宅院有小径相通。房顶用草排或挂瓦。瑞丽的干栏式建筑体现出较高的水平。这类民居规模不大，一般三至五间，日常生活及生产活动皆在一幢房子内解决，对于平坎少，地形复杂的地区，尤能显露出其优越性。傣族民居多为竹木结构，茅草屋顶，故又称为竹楼。其下部架空，竹席铺地，席地而坐，有宽大的前廊和露天的晒台，外观上以低垂的檐部及陡峭的歇山屋顶为特色。壮族称干阑建筑为“麻栏”，以五开间者居多，采用木构的穿斗屋架。下边架空的支柱层多围以简易的栅栏作为畜圈及杂用。上层中间为堂屋，是日常起居、迎亲宴客、婚丧节日聚会之处。围绕堂屋分隔出卧室。侗族干阑与壮族麻栏类似，只是居室部分开敞外露较多，喜用挑廊及吊楼。同时侗族村寨中皆建造一座多檐的高耸的鼓楼，作为全村人活动的场所。村村各异，争奇斗巧，是侗族的一项宝贵的建筑遗产。苗族喜欢用半楼居，即结合地形，半挖半填，干阑架空一半的方式。黎族世居海南岛五指山，风大雨多，气候潮湿。其民居为一种架空不高的低干阑，上面覆盖着茅草的半圆形船篷顶，无墙无窗，前后有门，门外有船头，就像被架空起来的纵长形的船，故又称“船形屋”。景颇族、德昂族的干阑建筑的屋顶皆有民族的独特形式。而布依族的民居原来亦是干阑式房子，但居住在镇宁、安顺、六盘水一带的布依族，由于建筑材料的限制，则完全改用石头做房子，但其原型仍是干阑式规式。 湘西吊脚楼 湘西吊脚楼建筑形式活泼，可临水，也可依山傍谷，或就建在田坝边。稍稍开凿修砌，选上好木料支撑起一座座或者一排排的吊楼来，旁边饰以几丛茂林修竹，省时又省工，温馨而有画境。这种楼飞檐翘角，三面环廊，"吊"着几根八菱形、四方形刻有绣球或金瓜的悬柱，壁板漆得光亮光亮的，并嵌有花窗，通风向阳。花窗也往往用意极深，镂有"双凤朝阳"、"喜鹊恋梅"等图案，古朴而秀雅。吊脚楼的妙处，一是防潮避湿，通风干爽;二是节约土地，造价较廉;三是依山傍水或靠着田坝而建的吊脚楼，悬柱之间往往留有一定的空地，可喂养家畜，"人家吊脚楼下有小羊叫"(沈从文《鸭窠围的夜》)。 古老的黑瓦木结构吊脚楼，堂屋很敞亮，温暖而亲切。如有幸叩访，热情的湘西人泡茶筛酒，摆出种种野味，令人宾至如归。 Stems, root cause mechanical damage, looping root amputation at the wound to prevent infection. (3) category tree seedlings: a spindle should have a uniform distribution of main branches, branches, trunk diameter above 3.0CM; make trees of broadleaved trees branch height should be relatively consistent, with 3-5 main branch, trunk diameter of not less than 4cm, branch point is not less than 2.5M; coniferous trees with the spindle, there are primary. (4) shrubs class seedlings: tufted type shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and main collateral distribution uniform, and main branch number not less than 5 branch, at least has 3 branch above irrigation high reached provides standard; creeping type shrubs requirements at least has 3 branch above main branch reached provides standard length; vine health seedlings, and should points branch uniform, and main article number 5 branch above, and main article diameter 1.0CM above; going it alone type shrubs requirements with trunk, and points branch uniform, base diameter in 2.0CM above; hedge with shrubs requirements irrigation bundle full, and points branch uniform, and dry lower leaves no bare, More than 2 years old. All plants are shrubs should meet the specifications. (5) the solitary trees should be selected single planting ornamental tree is beautiful, high ornamental value of individual plants. (6) design should be selected when the bushes planted plant specifications, flowering shrubs such as rhododendron plants should select color uniform varieties, planting interval and density. 4, seedling planting project plants should be located according to the drawings, and with reference to the national standard and suitable to avoid lines, planting pits should be greater than the minimum thickness requirements, planting soil backfill compaction in layers to ensure that plants are firmly rooted in the ground, supported by large-size seedlingshe primary analysis of soil physical and chemical properties, such as pests, disinfection, pest control in advance. Garden plant growth by required of minimum planting soil thickness should meet Xia table (construction figure Shang indicate of except) vegetation type herb flower lawn to was small shrubs big shrubs shallow root trees deep root trees soil thickness 30 (CM) 30 (CM) 45 (CM) 60 (CM) 90 (CM) 120 (CM) planting soil should selection for plant growth of selective soil, as humic acid soil, and lawn fertilizer, and peat soil, and pH 5.5~7.0, humidity 30~70%, completely loose, Lawn planting soil roughness (soil surface should be lower than teeth pond 2~5cm). 2, planting garden of foundation engineering projects from planning to the construction stage, focus on after completion of landscaping, the overall goal is to create a good living environment for plants, create a garden and green space. Plant engineering of the project was to create the basis for plant growth, soil, it can be said is the garden project, is one of the most important works. Also planted phase of this project must be carried out by the local soil improvement project. 3, seedling selection requirements: (1) engineering seedling selection of cooked goods, provisions relating to plant size. Plant procurement specifications can be large, so as to achieve ecological effect in a short time. Seedlings should have ... Strong, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free. (2) the project should have growth robust, lush, Crown-shaped full, normal color, root system, pest and disease-free.