中科院考博英语

中科院考博英语 英语部分 中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试 英语考试大纲 本大纲是在 2002 年 10 月起试行的原《中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试英语考试大 纲》的基础上修订的，自 2005 年 10 月起在中国科学院研究生院范围内试行。考 试对象 报考中国科学院所属各院、所、园、中心、站、台相关专业拟攻读博士学位 的考生。考试目的 检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。考 试类型、考试内容及考试结构 本考试共有五个部分:词汇(占 10) 、完形填空(占 15)、阅读理解(占 40)、英译汉占(15)，写作占 20。试卷分为:试卷一(Paper One)客观，包括前三个部分，共 75 题，顺序排号;试卷二(Paper Two)主 观试题，包括英译汉和写作两个部分。一、词汇 主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇 量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。词和词组的测试范围基本以本考试大 纲词汇为参照依据。 共 20 题。每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。要求考生从所 给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。二、完形填空 主要测试考生在 语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。考生应具有借助于 词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。要求考生就所给篇章 中 15 处空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳。三、阅读理解 本部 分共分两节。要求考生能: 1)掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节; 2)进行相 关的判断和推理; 3)准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义; 4)领会作 者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。 A 节:主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获 取相关信息的能力。考生须完成1800-2000 词的阅读量并就题目从四个选项中选出 最佳答案。 B 节:主要测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。考生 须完成 700,900 词的阅读量(2 篇短文)，并根据每篇文章(约 400 词)的内容， 从文后所提供的 6 段文字中选择能分别放进文章中 5 个空白处的 5 段。 163/1359 —1— 英语部分四、英译汉 要求考生将一篇近 400 词的英语短文中有下 划线的 5 个句子成汉语。主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句 的意思， 并能用准确、 达意的汉语书面表达出来。五、写作 要求考生按照命题、 所给提纲或背景图、表写出一篇不少于 200 字的短文。目的是测试考生用英语表达 思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。考试时间及计分 考试时 间总计为 180 分钟其中试卷一为 110 分钟试卷二为 70 分钟。卷面总分 100分。 详见下表: 试卷一: 题号 名称 题量 分值 时间(分钟) I 词汇选择填空 20 10 15 II 完形填空 15 15 15 III-A 阅读理解(A) 30 30 60 III-B 阅读理解(B) 10 10 20 小计 75 65 110 分钟 试卷二: 题号 名称 题量 分值 时间(分钟) 英译汉– 语篇 IV 5 15 30 中句子 V 写作 1 20 40 小计 6 35 70 分钟 164/1359 —2— 英语 部分SAMPLE TEST THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR DOCTORAL CANDIDATES PAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY 15 minutes 10 points 0.5 point eachDirections: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Ten years ago a house with a decent bathroom was a __________ symbol among university professors. A. post B. status C. position D. place2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in support of ___________ archaeological research. A. legible B. legitimate C. legislative D. illicit3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual. A. end B. hand C. core D. best4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country’s normal educational development. A. impeded B. imparted C. implored D. implemented5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life. A. spell out B. call upon C. fall over D. resort to6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined. A. grossly B. severely C. rapidly D. drastically7. Beneath its myriad rules the fundamental purpose of ___________ is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in and you a more pleasant person to live with. 165/1359 —3— 英语部分 A. elitism B. eloquence C. eminence D. etiquette8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were _____________ in many parts of it. A. altered B. criticized C. incorporated D. translated9. Nobody will ever know the agony I go __________ waiting for him to come home. A. over B. with C. down D. through10. While a country’s economy is becoming the most promising in the world its people should be more ____________ about their quality of life. A. discriminating B. distributing C. disagreeing D. disclosing11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on Joseph promised to ____________ them. A. find fault with B. make the most of C. look down upon D. get even with12. The Minister’s _________ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition. A. impressive B. evasive C. intensive D. exhaustive13. In proportion as the ____________ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end. A. intolerance B. pessimism C. injustice D. antagonism14. Everyone does their own thing to the point where a fifth-grade teacher can’t __________ on a fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things. A. count B. insist C. fall D. dwell15. When the fire broke out in the building the people lost their __________ and ran into the elevator. A. hearts B. tempers C. heads D. senses16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ___________ every cheat in the marketplace. A. at the mercy of B. in lieu of C. by courtesy of D. for the price of 166/1359 —4— 英语部分17. In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the _________ Singapore pension. A. equivalent B. similar C. consistent D. identical18. He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk ____________. A. honestly B. graciously C. coherently D. flexibly19. The novel which is a work of art exists not by its _____________ life but by its immeasurable difference from life. A. significance in B. imagination at C. resemblance to D. predominance over20. She was artful and could always ____________ her parents in the end. A. shout down B. get round C. comply with D. pass overPART II CLOZE TEST 15 minutes 15 pointsDirections: For each blank in the following passage choose the best answer from the four choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. We are entering a period in which rapid population growth the presence of deadly weapons anddwindling resources will bring international tensions to dangerous levels for an extended period. Indeed 21seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium is 22 and some roughmeasure of fairness reached in the distribution of wealth among nations. 23 of adequate magnitude imply awillingness to redistribute income internationally on a more generous 24 than the advanced nations haveevidenced within their own domains. The required increases in 25 in the backward regions wouldnecessitate gigantic applications of energy merely to extract the 26 resources. It is uncertain whether the requisite energy-producing technology exists and more serious 27 that itsapplication would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate 28 a consequence of theenormous addition of manmade heat to the atmosphere. It is this 29 problem that poses the most demandingand difficult of the challenges. The existing 30 of industrial growth with no allowance for increasedindustrialization to repair global poverty hold 31 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change inas 32 as three or four generations. If the trajectory is in fact pursued industrial growth will 33 have tocome to an immediate halt for another generation or two along that 34 would literally consume humanperhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of heat can bereduced 35 that technologies that do not add to the atmospheric heat burden—for example the use of solarenergy—can be utilized. 199621. A. one B. it C. this D. there22. A. achieved B. succeeded C. produced D. executed 167/1359 —5— 英语部分23. A. Transfers B. Transactions C. Transports D. Transcripts24. A. extent B. scale C. measure D. range25. A. outgrowth B. outcrop C. output D. outcome26. A. needed B. needy C. needless D. needing27. A. possible B. possibly C. probable D. probably28. A. in B. with C. as D. to29. A. least B. late C. latest D. last30. A. race B. pace C. face D. lace31. A. on B. up C. down D. out32. A. less B. fewer C. many D. little33. A. rather B. hardly C. then D. yet34. A. line B. move C. drive D. track35. A. if B. or C. while D. asPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A 60 minutes 30 pointsDirections: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A B C and D. Read each passage carefully and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1 The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materials available to the historian into acomprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in or impose apattern upon the detailed information that has already been used to explain the causes for a historical event. A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a historical event. Theinitial step therefore in writing a historical synthesis is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historicalperspective so that the common elements or strands making up the event can be determined. This can beaccomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a general trend or continuum in history. The commonelements that are familiar to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks tosynthesize. This is not to say that any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historian’s handling ofthe interrelated when viewed in a broad historical perspective. The historian in synthesizing must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similartrends. A general trend line once established will enable these similar trends to be correlated and paralleledwithin the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further seeks to determine from existinghypotheses why an outcome took the direction it did thus it necessitates reconstructing the spirit of the timesin order to assimilate the political social psychological etc. factors within a common base. As such the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between anoriginal explanation of an outcome thesis and the reinterpretation of the outcome along different linesantithesis. Therefore the synthesis necessitates the integration of the materials available into acomprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized.36. The author would mostly be concerned with _____________. 168/1359 —6— 英语部分 A. finding the most important cause for a particular historical event B. determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpreted C. imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical event D. attributing many conditions that together lead to a particular historical event or to single motive37. The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be ____________. A. to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an event B. analyzing the historical event to determine if a ―single theme theory‖ apples to the event C. determining the common strands that make up a historical event D. interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have relatively greater value38. The best definition for the term ―historical synthesis‖ would be ______________. A. combining elements of different material into a unified whole B. a tentative theory set forth as an explanation for an event C. the direct opposite of the original interpretation of an event D. interpreting historical material to prove that history repeats itself39. A historian seeks to reconstruct the ―spirit‖ of a time period because ____________. A. the events in history are more important than the people who make history B. existing hypotheses are adequate in explaining historical events C. this is the best method to determine the single most important cause for a particular action D. varying factors can be assimilated within a common base40. Which of the following statements would the author consider false A. One factor in a historical synthesis will not have a greater value than other factors. B. It is possible to analyze common unifying points in hypotheses. C. Historical events should be studied as part of a continuum in history. D. A synthesis seeks to determine why an outcome took the direction it did.Passage 2 When you call the police the police dispatcher has to locate the car nearest you that is free to respond.This means the dispatcher has to keep track of the status and location of every police car—not an easy task fora large department. Another problem which arises when cars are assigned to regular patrols is that the patrols may be tooregular. If criminals find out that police cars will pass a particular location at regular intervals they simply plantheir crimes for times when no patrol is expected. Therefore patrol cars should pass by any particular locationat random times .