上海洛基国际英语--------本科学、专科高级英语——重点语法剖析系列三

上海洛基国际英语--------本科学、专科高级英语——重点语法剖析系列三 上海洛基国际英语--------本科学、专科高级 英语——重点语法剖析系列三 that helps us fight infections . It does this by identifying foreign objects, and launched with the body's white blood cells fight to defend the body. For some people, their immune system will be a number of non-toxic substances mistaken intruder, while white blood cells overreact in the body causing more damage than the intruder. Therefore, an allergic reaction itself becomes a disease. Common allergies have asthma, eczema and hay fever. Infectious disease is a general term for many types of diseases, which is caused by pathogens, in a human, animal or human-animal and animal-borne diseases between. The most common such as (3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或语，但不具有被动意义: deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, grown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-travelled, newly arrived, recently come。如: an escaped prisoner一个逃犯 a retired worker一位退休工人 a faded curtain一个褪了色的窗帘 a newly arrived student一个新来的学生 2.分词做状语，注意区分分词的一般式与完成式 (1)表示时间，多置于句首，注意如果分词表示的动作的时间先于谓语动词，要用完成式。 如: Having completed one task, we started on another one. (complete先于start之 前发生) (2)表示原因，置于句首句尾均可，根据情况有时要用完成式，有时用一般式。如: He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members. There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropical forest, would find his way through it. (3)表示伴随、方式，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。如: Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day saying that she would return it soon. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely lost to the outside world. (4)表示结果，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。如: The city found itself in a crisis situation last summer when the air conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable. (5)表示补充说明(同位)，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。如: The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in contrast with the other. Ford tried dividing the labor, each worker assigned a separate task. 3.分词的独立主格结构 分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则分词短语要有自己的逻辑主语，称为分词独立主格 结构。分词独立主格结构只是句子的一个部分，但在翻译时经常译成独立的句子，考生要注 意英汉两种语言在结构上的区别。如: All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. Darkness setting in, the young couple lingered on merrymaking. 4.分词做表语和补语，尤应注意由使役动词变来的分词的形式 (1)现在分词表示主语或宾语的特征，多以事物做(逻辑)主语。如: His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected. (2)过去分词表示主语或宾语所处的状态或对某事的心理反应和感受，多以人做(逻辑)主语。 如: These students are quick at learning. We’ll have them trained in new methods. People cannot but feel puzzled. For they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. 五、非谓语动词的其他考点 1.接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以，但在意思上有区别的动词的用法 mean to do想要(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事) mean doing意味(做某事) propose doing建议(做某事) forget to do忘记(要做的事) remember to do记得(要做某事) forget doing忘记(已做的事) remember doing记得(已做过的事) go on to do继而(做另一件事) stop to do停下来去做另一件事 go on doing继续(做原来的事) stop doing停止正在做的事 regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾 regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔 如:Mr. Jankin regretted having blamed his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was his own fault.