工作文档英语四六级分数换算

工作文档英语四六级分数换算 大学英语四六级考试分数换算 自2005年6月考试起，大学英语四、六级考试的原始分数在经过加权、等值处理后，参照常模转换为均值为500、标准差为70的常模正态分数。同时，四、六级考试不设及格线，考试合格证书改为成绩单。四、六级考试报道总分计算公式为: 式中X表示每个考生加权、等值处理后的原始分数，Mean表示常模均值，SD表示常模标准差。 常模正态分数的特点是能够报道考生在常模群体中所处的百分位置。 某考生四级报道总分是450分，则其在常模群体中的百分位是24%，表示这名考生的英语成绩优于常模群体中24%的人。 某考生六级报道总分是500分，则其在常模群体中的百分位在48%,57%之间，表示这名考生的英语成绩至少优于常模群体中48%的人，但不会优于57%的人。 大学英语四级统考作文评分标准 四级考试写作部分的目的是测试学生用英语书面表达自己思想的能力。要学好四级英语写作，首先要明确什么是四级英语写作，四级写作有什么要求，有什么样的命题类型，评分的标准是什么。 一、评分原则 四级统考是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级教学要求，对作文评判以下列要求为准则: 1(四级统考作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 2(从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适当确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍，是否符合英语表达习惯。 3(避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分包括满分;该给低分的给低分，包括零分。一名阅卷人在所评阅的全部作文试卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。 二、评分标准 本题满分为15分。阅卷标准共分为五等:2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该分数(即8分);若认为稍优于或稍劣于该分则可加1分(即9分)或减1分(即7分)，但不得加或减半分。评分标准如下: 2分:条理不清，思路紊乱。语言支离破碎或大部分均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分:基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言 8分:基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯。语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11分:切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分:切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语错误，仅有个别小错 注:白卷、作文与题目毫不相关、或只有几个孤立的词而无表达思想，则给0分。 另外，字数不足的应该酌情扣分，具体如下: 累计字90-80-70-60-50-少于49 数 99 89 79 69 59 扣1 2 3 5 7 9 分 注:如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得记入所写字数。只写一段者，0,4分;只写两段者，0,9分(指规定三段的作为了便于读者掌握评分标准，现按各档作文相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60(相当于百分制的60分)。 作文15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 分 得分1094 87 80 74 67 60 54 47 40 327 20 14 7 率 0 4 注:作文的最低分数为6分。得分在6分以下要倒扣至6分的差额。例如某位考生的作文分为4分，那末它的四级考试总分(例如63，包括作文的4分)要扣去6-4,2分，即最后得分为59分。 三、评分实例分析 Directions:For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs(You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph(Your part of the composition should be about 120 words，not including the words given(Remember to write clearly:You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet( Women in the Modern World 1?Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today( _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2(With the changes in their social role, women?s position in the family has been improved as well( _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. In spite of these changes，the liberation of women has not been completely realized( _________________________________________________________________________________________ Sample 1 Women in the Modern World Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today(Long age，women only did something in the kitchen or at home(Now many of them have serious J ob to serve for people(What men can do so can women( With the changes in their social role, women?s position in the family has been improved as well(Today in the family，the wife often lots her husband to do something at home ago，only women did something(Men are fond of doing something at home( In spite of these changes，the liberation of women has not been completely realized(Sometimes，the matter，the husband hitting his wife， often happened(In the factory the women to as much as the men，but they are paid less than the men(Some people have not completely realized the 1iberation of women( 评分:2分 此文命题类型属于给出中心句的命题，三段的划线部分是命题给 出的。考生应根据中心句的内容加以扩展、补充和说明。第一段应以 实例说明为什么在当今社会中妇女所起的作用越来越大;第二段要说 明为什么随着社会地位的改变，妇女的家庭地位也有所改变;第三段 要说明为什么妇女解放的工作仍未完成。 但是样文的作者对文章的表述给人以水平欠佳的印象，除所抄起 始句外，全文几乎一无是处。例如:Now many of them have serious jobs to serve for people，是典型的汉语式英语，而且概念混乱，什么叫 serious job?尤其是从第二段起，完全放手胡写，词不达意，不知所云。 Sample 2 Women in the Modern World Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today(In today，many women have a work(They worked as well as men playing an important part in factories(There are many women in government also(They lead other people country，and make out plans(There are many women scientist slso(They event new things to improve our 1ife( With the changes in their social role, women?s position in the family has been improved as well( In ancient，women?s position in family is pity(They had to looks after their children，did every how husband ordered her to do(But now it is changed(They are equal to her husband(They have the right of speaking of idea，discussion thing with her husband，do what she wants to do( In spite of these changes，the liberation of women has not been completely realized(We also should realize，women? ability are 1imited(For example，many factories want men become its workers but the chance of women is less than men. Everyone should do their best to change this condition(I?m sure，the liberation of women would be increased( 评分:5分 样文2基本切题，三个段落所谈及的内容基本上符合中心句的内 容。比如在第一段能写出有许多妇女在政府工作，证明妇女地位确实 在提高。第二段写出妇女现在有说话的权力。第三段写出了劳动政策 方面对妇女仍有歧视。从内容上讲，比样文1有所进步。但是，语言 基本功差，存在大量语言错误。如:They lead other people country((不 知作者想说什么);„many women scientist slso (scientist不知道加“s” 也还罢了，只是不知单词slso从何而来);They event new things„ (event想来应为invent之笔误)„„，等等。 Sample 3 Women in the Modern World Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. Many women today are playing an important part at works that was thought only could be done by the men before(For an example, some women are not in the office，instead，they become manager of a company( With the changes in their social role, women?s position in the family has been improved as well(In the world today，more and more women have their own j ob(They get their own salary，and become more independent from their husband(With the economic situation improved， their family position is improving( In spite of these changes，the liberation of women has not been completely realized(Many husbands only want his wife to stay at home， and do house works or do some shopping(They only want their wife to be a houswife，but not a manager of a company( 评分:8分 样文3内容切题，有些句子运用得当，比如第一段的两句话从结 构上看有英语句子的特点，内容方面也较有说明力。但仍有一些较大 错误。如more and more women have their own job(许多妇女只有一个 job?)-Many husbands only want his wife„do house works((许多丈夫们 共有一个wife，而且让她干家里的“works”—— “著作”?)。 Sample 4 Women in the Modern World Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. More and more work to earn money instead of keeping the house or looking after the children(Women have entered many fields of society including scientific field(As we know, many women sports teams have won the world?s champions such as Chinese women?s Volleyball Team? With the changes in their social role, women?s position in the family has been improved as well( Husbands are not the masters of wives in many places(Husbands and wives are equal now(They join together to overcome difficulties and share happiness( In spite of these changes，the liberation of women has not been completely realized(Also in some places(women are considered being“thing”belong to men(They have little chance to find jobs( They don’ t get equal pay for equal Job(This is a problem must be solved not only by society but also by women themselves( 评分:11分 样文4表达思想清楚，文字通顺。每段都有比较好的句子，如第 一段第二句、第三句，第二段最后一句，但第三段最后一句有语言错 误。This is a problem must be solved(就是语言结构上的一个重大错误 误:名词problem后面，显然应跟一个定语从句，但该从句既没有挂 链或引导词，又欠缺主语，形不成一个从句。 Sample 4 Women in the Modern World Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. In many countries, more women are acting as workers，farmers, scientists and even leaders(We can say that almost all jobs which men can do are done perfectly by women(Women are no longer looked down upon by society( With the changes in their social role, women?s position in the family has been improved as well(Husband and wife are now equal in the family(They cope with problem of daily life together，and share happiness with each other(Also, you can hardly find out that in today?s families，women are being busy with dinners，whereas men are comfortably sitting in armchairs，reading newspapers( In spite of these changes，the liberation of women has not been completely realized(A number of men still jealously guard their rights， and regard women as incapable creature(Few women are allowed to attend important international meetings dominated by men(That?s really the problems we should solve immediately( 评分:14分 样文5中有很多很好的句子，这种语句亦称闪光句，如第一段中 的后两句、第二段中的后两句、第三段中的第一句。 切题，语言流畅，用词适当，句子也有一定变化，连贯性好，虽 有极个别小错, 但不影响意思的表达。 坚持八条英文写作守则 1.Organize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、 etc. 下笔前整合思绪:脑力激荡，写出纲要等。 2.Write clearly. Be concise. Avoid wordiness. 写作清晰，务必精简，避免赘言。 3.Use good grammar and write complete sentences. 使用好的文法，写出完整句子。 4.Write simple sentences. Avoid a fancy style. 尝试简单句，避免花俏的句法。 5.Avoid slang、cliche and informal words. 避免俚语、陈腔滥调和非正式用字。 6.Avoid use of the first person (i.e. I/me/my) unless necessary to specific piece. 除非必要，避免使用第一人称:如“我/我的”。 7.Writing naturally. Read it aloud. Does it sound natural? Does it flow? 自然挥洒，大声朗诵。整篇文章听起来自然吗,通顺吗, 8.Move logically from one idea to the next. Don't skip steps. 上下句意要合乎逻辑。别毫无章法乱跳。 经典作文21篇背诵文选 1. On Open Policy The open policy means that our country is open to investment, trade and technical and economic cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. The purpose of open policy is to acquire advanced technology, management skills to serve our socialist construction so as to promote the realization of the four modernizations. We must adhere to the open policy. Because economic relations between states today have become increasingly close, and no country can possibly advance behind close doors. Only in this way, can we gradually close the gap between our country and the developed countries. Through the implementation of policy, we can learn advanced technology and managerial expertise from abroad; make full use of the foreign capitals to set up great enterprises; absorb useful and healthy ideas and new knowledge of the modern civilization; and broaden our views and raise our level of competence. 2. The place of Science and Technology in Modern Life. Human life can not continue without science and technology. For many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind. So the life we are living now is more civilized than that of our fore fathers. The development of science and technology has brought about many changes in people's life. For example, the invention of television and space rocket has opened a new era for mankind. Through the use of TV people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away. Owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of man's landing on the moon has now come true. Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction. We may say, our socialist construction is just like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base. Without the base, the skyscraper can't be built. Therefore, we should try our best to contribute to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country. 3. Importance of Education China, as a developing country, is determined to catch up with and even surpass the developed ones. I think that one of the best possible ways to do so is to give first priority(优先)to the development of culture, science and especially education. In modern times, when science and technology are making great progress, the education of the work force is of primary importance. Moreover, many of the success in advanced countries have demonstrated that a nation 's prosperity mainly depends on the quality of its labour force, namely those who have been well educated. In a developing country such as China, our investment in culture, education and science, and especially elementary education, must enjoy top priority. This is crucial(决定性的)for China to catch up with the developed nations in today's surging(汹涌的) waves of technological revolution. Otherwise, the gap between China and advanced countries will be widened rather than bridged. 4. Air Pollution Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world. A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations. Automobile, trains, planes and busses need energy, too. Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels. The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution. Scientists are finding ways to stop air pollution especially in big industrial areas and densely-populated cities. They are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluted material. Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment. However, it may be that we still have a long way to go before we have a "clean" world. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control air pollution. There indeed seems to be no end to tasks that environmentalists will be required to do. People will continually find new ways to control pollution. 5. Environmental Protection Today the quality of our natural environment has become an important issue. The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, life on earth cannot survive. Concerned people have made some progress in environmental protection. Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution. Still more measures should be taken to solve environmental problems. People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems, to use modern methods of birth control, to conserve(保存) our natural resources and recycle(再循环) our products. We are sure that we can have a better and cleaner place in the future. 6. Automobiles Automobiles, as a product of modern civilization, have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of human society. Industry needs automobiles for farming as well as transportation. Every day, automobiles drive people to and from work. On weekends automobiles take families for joyful outings. And during holiday seasons, automobiles fill the highways everywhere, even in remote areas. It could be said that the wheels of automobiles move society forward. But automobiles have also given rise to a series of problems. For example, cities are overcrowded with automobiles. They create a lot of noise and traffic accidents which disable(伤残) or kill many people each year. Worst of all perhaps is the air pollution caused by the exhaust gases produced by automobiles. Some of the gases are highly toxic(有毒的) and a serious health hazard. 7. Computer The computer is widely used in all fields of society. Today, wherever you go, you will find computers being used. For example, computers are used in universities, large corporations, and small offices, etc. It has even entered the homes of ordinary people. As it is able to store and process a large amount of information, the computer bring about great convenience and high efficiency to people of all walks of life. Computers can help people in different ways. For example, computer help scientists in analyzing data and doing complex calculation. For another example, computers are made use of by engineers in designing a plane, or a spaceship. Besides, computers may also play a great role in helping children with their lesson. Whatever you are doing, you many find computer a useful aid. However, the computer must be designed and instructed by man. What is more, it is true that computers can make decisions, but they need detailed instructions and programs prepared by humans to operate. Therefore, the computer can never replace the human brain. 8. Travelling It is exciting to visit different places. As you travel, you will see beautiful sceneries typical of the region. Besides, you can meet and make friends with people of different colors and races. Finally, you can get to know the customs and living habits of the local people. Today people are so fond of travelling that tourism has become one of the faster growing industries in most countries. The main reason why people travel is, perhaps, for pleasure. For example, having worked hard throughout the weekdays, people will find a widened trip to the nearby mountains or beaches a real relaxation. For another example, spending an annual holiday travelling abroad is an especially satisfying experience for those who do not have much of an opportunity to be away from their homelands. When people return from their travel, they will generally feel fresh and energetic, ready to work harder. Travelling is also one of the best means for learning. You may have read or heard about something but you can never get an accurate picture of it until you see it for yourself. Seeing is believing. Furthermore, if you area careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling. The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book. 9. The World Population Explosion The human race has experienced a consistent increase in population since the beginning of its history. Famine and disease have done little to offset(抵消)this steady increase. Too many people are added annually to the population of the world. So both the causes of population increase and the results of having more people are worth careful study. Culture evolution is the major factor responsible for population increase. Early in human development, people invented tools to hunt animals. Later they built shelters to protect themselves. Step by step, they made life easier. As a result, fewer died from natural forces, such as harsh climate and disease. In the past, when population grew, there was unexplored territory to inhabit. But now, almost all the habitable land has been explored. The world's population may reach 8.7 billion in 2033. It is clear that world population is a serious issue that needs careful attention. Human beings are unique to solve problems through cultural evolution.(发展) Facing the world population explosion in the near future. We must carry out the birth control program in order to save the mankind and save the world. 10. Opening-door Policy Opening-door Policy is the Only Way to Make China Strong. Modern Chinese history leads us to the conclusion that socialism, not capitalism is best for China. But how a socialist China should look at capitalism and more importantly, make use of the better side of capitalism for its own advantage is of vital(至关) importance to the country. As far as our country's economic construction is concerned, taking advantage of the part of capitalism that is useful to us means we need to develop foreign trade, introduce advanced technology and better management, and make use of foreign funds. It also means we can absorb some of the economic theories, and make use of those economic policies, methods and measures that comply with(遵循) the law of mass production and a commodity economy. By opening our windows wider to the outside world, people can learn more about other peoples and learn to make sensible judgments. Absorbing the better part of the cultures of other people to enrich ourselves is the best way to safeguard our socialist culture. So taking advantage of capitalism and stepping up economic reforms is the only way to make China strong. Closing the county to international exchanges will only keep it weak. 11. Choosing an Occupation Every one faces the problem of choosing an occupation after graduation from college or university, which plays a vital role in his life. An appropriate occupation makes a man work with zest(热情) and vigor, as well as contribute to his country. To make a wise choice, two important things should be taken into consideration. One is the interest, the other, the demands of people and society. Only if the two aspects are connected, can a man show his talent and ability to the best advantage. If the two conflict, the former should be under the latter, for the people's interests are more important than the individual's. In regard to my choice in the future, I am fond of learning foreign languages; what is more, with the implementation of the Open-Door Policy, exchange between home and abroad in economy and culture has been growing significantly, thus I'm determined to be a qualified interpreter. 12. The Brain and the Computer Some recent developments in the computer industry make scientists predict that the gap between human beings and machines will be closed about the year 20000. To understand the significance of this prediction let us compare the human brain with existing computers. The brain consumes electrical energy at the rate of 25 watts and occupies a volume of one tenth of a cubic foot. The brain houses between 10 billion and 100 billion items of information. Every brain cell is directly connected to many other cells. As a result, the cells in which information is stored can communicate with thousands of other cells. However, the computer consumes 1000,000 watts of electrical power and occupies hundreds of cubic feet of space. Its million items of immediately accessible information. In contrast, the computer memory is like a cell of pigeonholes, with no thinking capacity and no connections elsewhere. In a word, the electronic brains are hopelessly inadequate in comparison with the human brains. 13. Health and Life As the saying goes, you don?t know what happiness is until you lose it? you don?t know what health is until you are ill. “Health is of vital importance to life” sounds like a cliche to everyone, but it is absolutely true. The negligence of the delicate balance of your body and soul, the harmful habits such as smoking, excessive drinking and burning mid-night oil will catch up with you someday. How many big plans are interrupted by bad health! Even a normal life is unimaginable without the guarantee of health. How to keep fit is an eternal topic of diversity and controversy. Regardless of all the different suggestions poured from all kinds of sources, one should do at least two things for him/herself. First, hold an active and optimistic attitude toward life and maintain a mental well-being. Second, live a regular life and keep a balanced diet. Anyway, a healthy life is within reach when you begin to adjust your mind and body. 14. Energy Resources China is rich in various energy resources. Coal and petroleum, for instance, are two major ones. They are essential in developing the country's industry, science and technology. China has done a great deal in the past few decades to raise its output of coal and petroleum. Three energy resources are being used up rapidly, With the building of four modernization, new industrial and science projects are springing up like bamboo shoots after rain. They are all big consumers of energy resources. Besides there has been considerable waste in the utilization of these resources. To avoid an energy crisis in the future, the government must take certain measures. First, it should let people know the importance of saving energy. Second, efforts should be made to develop new energy resources, such as solar energy, geothermal(地热) energy and so on. We have reason to be optimistic in this respect. 15. Competition Competition makes people original and creative. It very necessary to compete if human society wants to advance. (Even animals compete for survival.) Without it, we would become lazy and nobody would rake any responsibility. When three monks live together, there will be no drinking water. This Chinese proverb vividly describes why China's productivity was so low before Mr Deng came to power. At that time, we had the so-called planned economy. There was no competition at all. So neither farmers nor workers worked hard. China was on the edge of collapse. Competition can stimulate people to try their best to do anything. For example, in 100-meter race, each sportsman runs as quickly as possible, trying to win the champion. The same things happen in our society and in our daily life. If a company wants to surpass others, it must compete with them. It must raise its efficiency. All the companies doing this will no doubt benefit the whole society and the whole human race. Being a student, I must compete with other students in our studies. I must study hard in all the fields so that I can be a useful man when I enter the society after graduation. 16.Students’ Part-time jobs There are many advantages for a student to have a part time job. For instance, it helps him to realize that no success comes from nothing. It enables him to be independent and builds up his self-confidence. Therefore, part-time jobs can get the students out of the ivory tower and give them the opportunity to know more of himself and of his personal value in society. As everything has two sides, the disadvantages can?t be ignored. Part-time jobs cut into students? study time; some even become so preoccupied with making money that they ca „t focus their attention on studying. In the end, the students may fall behind or fail in their studies. In my opinion, students can choose to take up a job according to their own situation. The most important thing is for him to keep a good balance, put his study on top of the list and assign an adequate amount of time to it. 17.Wealth and Happiness Everybody wants to get wealth. In today?s material world, making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person?s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money, they can but nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood; with money, they can own stately luxury cars. Wealth seems with money, they can own stately luxury cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life. In my opinion, people cannot do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will and to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you?ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word, you should have money spent for more people, only then can money be the source of your happiness. 18.Ideals Everyone has his ideals. A businessman wishes to make greater profit; a farmer expects bumper harvests; a student tries to learn more and better. And everyone strives, with more or less effort, to realize his ideal. One should be sensible about whether his ideal is well founded or not. If it is, one has to plan and work hard for its realization. Effort, skill and persistence are all necessary. And very often, one has to get help from others, including advice and support in one form or another. My ideal is to become a doctor, It is said that the field of medicine is a well-paid profession, but I take it as a lofty profession entrusted with saving people?s lives. To realize my ideal I have concentrated on laboratory work to develop the analytical skills necessary to become a qualified doctor. I am sure I will realize my ideal if I persevere in this pursuit. 19.Popular Sports in China Sports are flourishing in china now. More and more people are willing to take part in sports of different kinds, such as table-tennis, football, volleyball, and so on. Every year there are many matches played on the city, provincial or national level. Sports are no longer limited to a few professional players. Early in the morning people may be seen doing exercise. Martial arts (like Chinese boxing or swordplay) which formerly were cultivated for self-defense, now have become a form of physical exercise and are practiced in parks, streets, gardens, or on campuses. In addition young and old people are also often seen running in order to build up their bodies. China promotes sports to enhance the physical condition of its people; she is formulating policies to provide encouragement of this activity. She awards prizes to the excellent players for the best records both in china and the world. In the world the Chinese have become a strong people instead of “the weaklings of East Asia”. 20.Is Failure a Bad Thing? Failure is what often happens. It is everywhere in our life. Students may fail in exams, scientists may fail in their research work, and athletes may fail in competitions. Although failure happens to everyone, attitudes towards failure are various. Some people don?t think their failure is a very important thing at all. So they pay no attention to it. As a result, they will have the same failure a period later. Some people think themselves are fools and lose their hearts in everything after they get a failure. Consequently, they spend their time and energy on useless things and they may really be fools as they have thought. Other people are quite different from the two kinds of people mentioned above. Instead of being distressed and lost, they draw a lesson from every failure and become more experienced. After hard work, they will be successful in the end. It is said that failure is the mother of success. Success will be gained after times of failures so long as we are good at drawing lesson from our failures. In my opinion, failure is not a bad thing, the really bad thing is taking a failure as failure or even lose our heart after failure. 21.Modernization of Family Life With the rapid development of the society, family life is becoming modernized. Years ago, people considered owing radios, sewing machines, watches and bicycles as being modernized. But in recent years, almost all families have TV sets, refrigerators and washing machines. It is very common to see people ride motorcycles or even drive private cars and more and more families have telephones, computers and air-conditioners. The modernization of family life brings us convenience and comfort. One may enjoy TV or radio programs, communicate with his friends through telephone or work with his computer while his washing machine, refrigerator and air-conditioners are running. And by car or motorcycle one can quickly reach wherever he wants to go. In spite of this, these modern facilities also bring us disadvantages. For example, radiation from TV sets and computers is harmful to our health; improper driving of cars and motorcycles becomes the major cause of traffic accidents. The quietness of a family is often disturbed by a false dialing or unwelcome phone call. But it is believed that these disadvantages will be disposed of with the improvement of modernization and our life will be more healthy and more comfortable.