科尔沁右翼中旗扶贫开发研究

科尔沁右翼中旗扶贫开发研究 附件2 论文中英文摘要 作者姓名:格根图雅 论文题目:科尔沁右翼中旗扶贫开发研究 作者简介:格根图雅，女，1981年11月出生，2007年9月师从于内蒙古师范大学乌日陶克套胡教授，于2010年6月获硕士学位。 中 文 摘 要 贫困，是迄今为止没有任何一个国家能够完全根除的社会问题，同时也是现阶段世界各国所亟待解决的难题。缓解和消除贫困，最终实现共同富裕，是社会主义的本质要求，是党和政府义不容辞的历史。改革开放以来，特别是实施《国家八七扶贫攻坚》以来，我国农村贫困现象明显缓解，贫困人口大幅度减少。但由于历史原因，加上自然条件的差异以及经济发展的不平衡，仍有很多地区农牧民的贫困问题还未完全解决。贫困问题的解决是关系社会稳定、经济发展和民族团结的重要问题，不仅是一个重大的经济问题，更是一个重大的政治问题。 科右中旗是内蒙古自治区各旗县中蒙古族比例最高的、少数民族聚居的一个旗，以该地区作为典型，探究该地区致贫原因，寻求脱贫对策，是重要而紧迫的理论与现实课题。科右中旗扶贫开发的研究以及由此所提出的对策，不仅对科右中旗，而且对内蒙古自治区乃至中国西部贫困地区的扶贫开发都具有一定的实践意义。 科右中旗在政府、非政府组织、企业和农牧民的共同努力下，扶贫开发工作取得了很大的成绩，农牧民的生活水平有了较大提高，但目前仍然没有完全摆脱贫困状态。本文通过乡村调查、访谈和文献等方法，深入了解科右中旗扶贫开发的历史与现实，利用理论与经验实证分析相结合、定量与定性分析相结合和比较分析等研究方法对科右中旗扶贫开发进行了深入研究。通过研究我们发现，人地关系紧张、自然环境恶化、人力资本匮乏、基础设施薄弱、增收能力不足、经济发展滞后、产业结构不合理等诸多问题制约着科右中旗农牧民脱贫致富的进程。本文在充分认识科右中旗扶贫开发现状和问题的基础上，提出了政府主导、NGO配合、贫困群体参与式扶贫开发，“人”本式扶贫开发、保障式扶贫开发、资金投入式扶 贫开发和科技投入式扶贫开发等扶贫开发对策措施。 鉴于不同地区的具体情况不同，各地区应该有所侧重地采用不同对策组合进行扶贫开发，在扶贫开发过程中，要避免“一刀切”的行为，遵循以“人”为本、循序渐进的扶贫开发原 则，保证扶贫开发的可行性和有效性，通过长期努力，最终使科右中旗及其农牧民摆脱贫困、步入小康。 关键词:贫困，扶贫开发，对策 A Study of the Poverty Alleviation and Exploitation in Horqin YouYi ZhongQi Ge Gen Tu Ya ABSTRACT Poverty is a social problem that no country has completely solved so far as well as an urgent one which every country in the world is trying to overcome at this stage. Alleviating and eliminating poverty to realize common prosperity eventually is not only the essential requirement of socialism but also the historical obligation of Party and the government. Since Reform and Opening up, especially since the actualization of the Eighty-Seven-Year Poverty-Relief Program, the poverty in the rural area of china has been alleviated and the population of poverty has been reduced significantly. But due to historical reasons, differences in natural conditions and economic development imbalances, there are still many areas where farmers have not completely solved the problem of poverty. Therefore, finding out its Solution is an important issue concerning social stability, economic development, and national unity. In other word, it is not only a major economic problem but also a political one. The Horqin Youyi zhongqi is a county with the highest proportion of Mongolian in all counties of Inner Mongolia, where minorities live. Taking this area as a typical example to explore the causes of poverty and find out the measures for poverty alleviation is an important, theoretical, and practical subject. The research on the poverty in this area and its measures has certain practical significance to improve the poverty alleviation and exploitation in the poor rural area of western china, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as well as Horqin Youyi zhongqi. The Horqin Youyi zhongqi has made great achievements in poverty alleviation with the joint efforts of the government, non-governmental organizations, enterprises, farmers, and herdsmen. Despite the fact that the living condition of farmers and herdsmen has improved, they haven’t got rid of the poverty completely. In this paper, a research of demonstration and theory has been made on the poverty alleviation and exploitation in the Horqin Youyi zhongqi aiming to understand the history and reality of poverty alleviation through rural surveys, interviews and document analysis, using quantitative & qualitative analysis and comparative analysis. As a result of the study, there are many problems, such as, the tension between people and land, environmental problems, lack of human capital, weak infrastructure, low income, slow economic development, irrational industrial structure that restrict the process of farmers and herdsmen’s shaking off the poverty and getting rich. Based on current situation of poverty alleviation and exploitation as well as the problems existing in Horqin Youyi zhongqi, the author proposes that the countermeasures for poverty alleviation and exploitation should be used, such as, the government-led and NGO-cooperated, the participatory, the human-centered, the security-typed, investment and technology input style, etc. In the light of the fact that different situation exists in different region, each region should be focused on the combination of different measures to assist poverty alleviation and exploitation. During the process, the indiscriminate behaviors should be avoided, following the human centered and progressive principle, to ensure the feasibility and effectiveness of poverty alleviation and development so as to make the people in the Horqin Youyi zhongqi get out of poverty and into a well-off life eventually. KEY WORDS: poverty poverty alleviation and exploitation countermeasures