涵洞施工工艺

涵洞 涵洞施工组织 一、工程概况 DK4+540盖板箱涵位于川维专用线，孔径类型为:1-2.5m钢筋混凝土盖板涵，涵长20.71m，设计流量为Q1/50=11.26m3/s，该涵与线路正交。 主要工程数量为: 挖基:土方(无水)55 m3 石方243 m3 基础:M10浆砌片石218.9 m3 盖板:C20钢筋砼23.2 m3 A3钢筋2879.2Kg 墙身及出入口:M10浆砌片石136.3 m3 C15砼墙顶12.1 m3 C15砼帽石2.3 m3 二、施工进度 该涵洞属于第一施工区，开工时间:2003年08月15日，竣工时间:2003年09月15日，总工期:31天。 一 施工准备: 1.三通一平 料场:采用推土机整平场地，水泥混凝土 水施工用水:水车外运水，注入蓄水池作施工用水。 电源:发电机发电。 便道:用挖掘机挖出施工便道。 2、材料 水泥: (1)、贮存水泥的仓库应设在地势较高处，本涵洞仓库周围必须设排水沟。 (2)、袋装水泥在装卸、搬移过程中不得抛掷。 (3)、水泥应按品种、强度等级、进入仓库时间分批堆垛，堆垛高度不宜大于1.5~2.0m。堆垛应架离地面0.2m以上，并距离四周墙壁0.2~0.3m，或留一通道。 (4)、先到的水泥先用。对受潮、结块、凝结过快(过慢)、温度过高、颜色突然变化的特异现象的水泥应停止使用。 钢筋: waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall or (1)、钢筋在运输、贮存过程中，应防止锈蚀、污染和避免压弯，装卸钢筋时不得从高处抛掷。 (2)、钢筋应架空放置在仓库中。 (3)、钢筋在加工和安装过程中出现异常现象时，应立即停止使用，即时上报项目部。 骨料: (1)、尽量采用同一厂家同一批次骨料，且骨料的粗细无较大波动 (2)、对于泥沙、石粉或其它有害杂志含量较大的骨料应坚决不予以 进场 (3)、粗细骨料应分开堆放 (4)必须在骨料旁立有级配标识牌 片石: (1)石料应为石质一致、不易风化且未风化、无裂纹的硬料，在耐久性方面要符合，如有水锈应尽量消除，能粘紧砂浆时方可使用。石料标号不小于MU30。 (2)普通片石中部厚度不应小于15cm，用作镶面的片石宜表面平整、尺寸较大，边缘厚度不得小于15cm，在施工过程中需要粗加工的片石一定要加工。 3、机械 搅拌机:施工前先检修好机械设备，同时先清洗掉搅拌机内的残凝砂浆 柴油机:注意按使用说明操作机械，并注意不用时就关掉，以节约燃料 (1)涵洞开工前，向工程师提交本工程施工组织设计和开工，经工程师批准后开始施工。 (2)测量放样:认真审阅图纸，按图纸设计的平面位置、标高及几何尺寸，进行施工放样。 按设计尺寸放设出涵洞的纵、横轴线和开挖轮廓线，开挖轮廓线包括根据土质情况确定的开挖放坡宽度和工作面宽度，工作面宽度按50cm设置，当地下水丰富时还要考虑设置汇水沟和集水井所需宽度。 3.1基坑开挖 (1) 采用反铲式挖掘机分层开挖，宜于做路基填筑材料的开挖土可用于附近路基的填筑。对于不适宜做路基填料的开挖土，按监理工程师的指示弃除。 (2) 基坑开挖两侧成1:1坡度，并清除坡壁松土、浮土。若基坑过深，则根据实际情况适当加大坡度，确保边壁土坡稳定。 waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall ortube falling concrete, columns, and walls of the project series tube concrete pouring to prevent segregation of concrete. 6.1 laying before concrete pouring 15-20cm thickness and concrete without stone mortar of the same components, construction seam and cutting hair rinse with high pressure water, ... Between makes concrete surface rendering Pan pulp and no longer sinks, General for 20-30S, each layer concrete vibration pound dense Hou, again pouring upper concrete and avoid had vibration, vibration pound Rod mouth made size mark, with this control Xia Rod height, vibrators insert lower concrete within of depth not is less than 50mm, openings sides while Xia rod, prevent template displacement, reserved hole location to for good mark. 6.5 conservation method conservation Shi used 1 layer plastic sheeting package plus 2 layer sacks cloth (high out wall 10cm above), with wire lashing fixed, from wall top catchy watering, set hand is responsible for conservation temperature, timing watering, keep sacks wet can, conservation period 7d, has waterproof requirements of many Yu 14d, winter construction Shi can used extended split die time, summer construction Shi can used service spray water and Shabu conservation liquid of method. Roof concrete construction 7.1 7 level control with automatic leveling leveling. 7.2 stairs concrete pouring line should be in a certain order, preventing the order the construction interval is too long, have a cold joint. 7.3 vibration pound concrete Shi, avoid vibration Rod straight contact touch steel or template, and sent hand observation template, and bracket, and steel, and pre buried pieces, and reserved hole of situation, concrete (3) 基底应预留50cm的施工空间，基坑过深时，可适当加宽，以利于基础施工。 (4)将基坑控制桩延长于基坑外2m加以固定。 (5)基坑开挖应保持良好的排水，在基坑外深挖集水井以利基础底面排水彻底。 (6)基坑应开挖至设计标高+20cm处时，然后人工挖除剩余20cm土，以免机械扰动基底土。 (7)基坑开挖后应检验地基承载力，合格后，妥善修整，在最短的时间里铺垫层及浇注混凝土。若承载力达不到要求，应按监理工程师的指示进行基底处理。 3.2垫层施工 垫层施工前，先将基底平整、夯实，进行测量放线布点，然后用符合设计要求的砂砾进行人工铺筑，铺筑前用蛙式打夯机夯填密实。对于狭小地段不能使用机械压实时，用人工夯实。 3.3混凝土基础浇注 基础砼的拌制采用机械拌和，水平运输采用前卸小四轮翻斗车运输，垂直运输采用汽车起重机配小卧罐吊运入仓，仓内砼采用插入式振捣器捣固。 台背、涵顶填土 涵洞完成后，当涵洞砌体砂浆或混凝土强度达到设计强度的70%时，方可 进行回填土，回填土要符合质量要求，涵洞处路堤缺口填土从涵身两侧不小于2倍孔径范围内，同时水平分层、对称地填筑、夯(压)实。用机械填土时，除按照上述规定办理外，涵洞顶上填土厚度必须大于1m时，才允许机械通过，且在使用震动压路机碾压时，禁止开动震动源。 严格控制分层厚度和密实度，设专人负责监督检查，检查频率每50m2检验1点，不足50m2时至少检验1点，每点都要合格，采用小型机械压实。回填土的分层厚度为0.1,0.2m。压实度全部要达到95%。 台背填筑施工工艺框图: 回填前清理 ? 基底承载力检测 ? 回填第一层料 ? 备料 ?含水量测定?机械碾压 ? 压实度试验 ? 回填上层料 ? 返工 ? 不合格 基底满足设计要求承载力后，按设计要求立模施作混凝土垫层。 waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall or 三 、 钢筋混凝土盖板涵 3.3浆砌片石施工 涵洞八字墙身、洞内铺底及洞口铺底均采用7.5#水泥砂浆砌片石。 精确进行测量放线布点后，进行浆砌片石施工。 砂浆采用拌和机按实验室确定的配合比、经监理工程师确认后拌制。采用挤浆法砌筑，砌筑时分层、分段砌筑。先选择表面较平且尺寸较大的定位石进行砌筑，再砌筑腹石。满足规范规定的尺寸要求，并且大面向下，砂浆要饱满，不得留有孔隙;面层相互错开，不得出现通缝、瞎缝。 基础每4~6m设沉降缝一道，并与涵身沉降缝位置相同。 沉降缝用沥青麻絮塞填密实。 3.4涵盖板预制 盖板集中预制。模板架设应平顺，不出现错开、扭曲现象。模板用木支撑和拉筋固定，不松动、不跑模。模板间用海绵条塞填，以防漏浆。 混凝土严格按设计配合比拌制，保证有良好的和易性及坍落度。 混凝土采用翻斗车运输，插入式振捣棒振捣密实。混凝土施工完毕后及时进行洒水养护。 小预制厂设在桥涵一队附近。 盖板预制按设计要求进行施工、养护。达到设计强度后，用吊车吊装，汽车运输至工地。 3.5盖板安装及铺装 台帽强度达设计强度的70%以后进行安装盖板。安装后，吊装位置用砂浆或监理工程师批准的材料填满，相邻板快之间用1:2水泥砂浆塞填密实。 3.6防水层 混凝土盖板或顶板、侧板外表面涂刷沥青胶结材料作防水层。沥青胶结材料应涂2层，每层1.5~2.0mm;或按监理工程师指示施工。 质量及安全保证措施 1、质量保证措施 1.1涵洞机械挖基时预留20cm人工开挖清理,达到设计标高后，检测其断面尺寸、承载力是否满足设计要求，经监理检查合格并签字后才可进入下道工序。 1.2对钢筋要检查其出厂证明，并进行抽检，合格后方可使用，钢筋在使用前进行调直、除锈、去氧化皮;电焊工必须持证上岗，焊接头要经过试验合格后才允许正式作业。 1.3钢筋在安装时必须采用钢筋限位，钢筋先划线后绑扎，竖向主筋和横向水平分布钢筋按照设计位置要求绑扎牢固，形成规范施工，严格保证钢筋的保护层厚度。 1.4混凝土施工脚手架及支撑要搭设牢固，模板做到横平竖直，杜绝跑模现象发生;捣固设专人进行作业，严格分层厚度、布点振捣，防止出现蜂窝、麻面。 waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall ortube falling concrete, columns, and walls of the project series tube concrete pouring to prevent segregation of concrete. 6.1 laying before concrete pouring 15-20cm thickness and concrete without stone mortar of the same components, construction seam and cutting hair rinse with high pressure water, ... Between makes concrete surface rendering Pan pulp and no longer sinks, General for 20-30S, each layer concrete vibration pound dense Hou, again pouring upper concrete and avoid had vibration, vibration pound Rod mouth made size mark, with this control Xia Rod height, vibrators insert lower concrete within of depth not is less than 50mm, openings sides while Xia rod, prevent template displacement, reserved hole location to for good mark. 6.5 conservation method conservation Shi used 1 layer plastic sheeting package plus 2 layer sacks cloth (high out wall 10cm above), with wire lashing fixed, from wall top catchy watering, set hand is responsible for conservation temperature, timing watering, keep sacks wet can, conservation period 7d, has waterproof requirements of many Yu 14d, winter construction Shi can used extended split die time, summer construction Shi can used service spray water and Shabu conservation liquid of method. Roof concrete construction 7.1 7 level control with automatic leveling leveling. 7.2 stairs concrete pouring line should be in a certain order, preventing the order the construction interval is too long, have a cold joint. 7.3 vibration pound concrete Shi, avoid vibration Rod straight contact touch steel or template, and sent hand observation template, and bracket, and steel, and pre buried pieces, and reserved hole of situation, concrete 1.5涵洞工程砌体圬工施工时，要认真选好石料，砂浆严格按照配合比拌制，采用挤浆法砌筑，层间搭接满足砌石规范要求，砌体要大面朝下，禁止立砌。砂浆饱满，灰缝统一采用凹缝。 1.6沉降缝、防水层严格按照设计以及施工规范要求施工，达到无渗漏。若发现渗水应及早返修。 1.7涵背填土严格按规范要求施工，两侧对称夯填。涵顶填土厚度大于1m时，方可允许施工机械通过，防止混凝土出现开裂等人为破坏。 2、安全保证措施 2.1施工现场必须设置配电箱,且进出电缆线要有套管，电线进出不混乱。严禁使用花线或塑料胶质线,导线不得随地拖拉或绑在脚手架上。 2.2现场机械设备严格按安全技术操作规程作业，杜绝违章作业，严禁酒后操作机械设备。 2.3开挖基坑时，应根据设计的边坡开挖，做好临时支护工作防止塌方。配备抽水设备，防止因水浸泡引起边坡坍塌、漏电事故发生。 2.4模板安装时，内外要支撑牢固,捣固人员应戴绝缘防电手套;拆除模板时，应按规定的程序进行，模板、材料、工具不得直接往下扔。 2.5高空作业，必须系安全带，周围设防护栏，人员走动要小心，严禁患有恐高症、心脏病，近视眼的人进行高空作业。 2.6加强现场治安防护工作，施工现场的布置符合防火、防汛、防爆、防雷电等安全规定的要求。 2.7现场设置的照明灯具、护栏、围栏、警告标志经常维修，保持其正常使用功能，并在有危险地点悬挂规定的安全警示标牌。 盖板涵施工技术工艺流程 1概述 盖板涵洞是公路工程中比较常见的一种小型结构物，其施工方法比较简单，但在以往的施工中由于工序安排不合理、工艺控制不严格，导致涵洞质量满足不了要求或施工周期长，造成不必要的浪费。本文即从盖板涵的工艺流程入手，通过对盖板涵工艺流程的详细阐述，使盖板涵在施工中按此严格规范施工，能够做到质量保证，施工工期合理，减少投资，提高效益。 2施工前准备工作 2.1施工准备 2.2测量放样 按设计尺寸放设出涵洞的纵、横轴线和开挖轮廓线，开挖轮廓线包括根据土质情况确定的开挖放坡宽度和工作面宽度，工作面宽度按50cm设置，当地下水丰富时还要考虑设置汇水沟和集水井所需宽度。 3主要施工方法 waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall or 3.1基坑开挖 土质基坑采用挖掘机进行开挖，开挖至距设计标高差20,30cm时，由人工进行清理至设计标高，以免机械扰动基底原状土，造成承载力下降。如地下水较丰富，基础开挖至设计标高后在基础轮廓40cm外挖20cm深汇水沟，并适当设置深80cm的集水井，采用抽水机进行抽水，以保证基底不受浸泡;如地下水量过大时，施工前采用深井或井点进行降水，待水位降低到基底标高以下时再进行基坑开挖。基础开挖至设计标高后及时进行下道工序的施工，避免基底长时间暴露或受雨淋水泡。石质基坑采用浅孔松动爆破，施工方法同路堑施工中的浅孔台阶法松动爆破，薄层剥离的施工方法相同。当基底为两种不同地质时，严格按设计要求进行处理。 挖基弃土不得妨碍施工，弃土堆坡脚距坑顶缘的距离不小于基坑深度。基坑顶动载距坑顶缘间距不得小于1.0m。 3.2承载力检测 基底挖至设计标高20,30cm时即可进行动力触探检测基底的承载力是否满足设计要求，如不满足要求时提交设计解决。动力触探点的布置应有代表性与普遍性，分别设置在涵身中间与两端，涵洞出入口各设置一个，如涵洞较长时，适当增加动力触探点数。 3.3基底换填 如涵洞基底须换填时，提前进行换填材料的级配配制，以满足设计要求。换填时每20cm一层铺垫整平，采用压路机或小型夯实机械进行夯压密实，经检测达到承载力要求后再进行基础的施工。基底换填宽度、坡度满足设计要求。 3.4基础施工 基础砌筑时，当基底为岩层或旧混凝土时，先将基底表面进行清洗、湿润，再坐浆砌筑;当基底为土质时，直接进行坐浆砌筑。 基础采用片石进行砌筑，片石必须质地坚硬，不易风化，无裂纹层理，无水锈，尺寸符合规范要求。砌筑用砂浆随拌随用，砂浆具有适当的流动性和良好的和易性，运距不应过长，发生离析、泌水现象时不得使用或重新搅拌后再使用，已凝结的砂浆不得使用。 砌筑采用挤浆法，分段分层砌筑，严禁采用灌浆法。砌筑以沉降缝为界进行分段，先砌筑定位石和角石，然后再进行腹石的砌筑。砌筑腹石时，石料间的砌缝要互相交错、咬搭，砌筑时保证砂浆饱满、密实，两片石间不允许直接接触。石料大小搭配，大面朝下，砌缝满足规范要求。在基础与墙身结合处预留接茬石，接茬石外露高度与内埋高度均不得小于15cm，间距、布置合理。 砌筑时严格按规范要求进行质量控制。 砌体砌筑完毕后进行覆盖洒水养生，保持砌体表面湿润，常温下的养护时间不少于7天。砌体的砂浆未达到设计强度前，不得承受全部设计荷载。 3.5墙身及端翼墙施工 涵墙身及端翼墙采用粗料石进行镶面砌筑，砌筑采用“一顺一丁”的方法，粗料石满足规范要求的尺寸，同时丁石的长度比相邻顺石宽度长15cm以上。 waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall ortube falling concrete, columns, and walls of the project series tube concrete pouring to prevent segregation of concrete. 6.1 laying before concrete pouring 15-20cm thickness and concrete without stone mortar of the same components, construction seam and cutting hair rinse with high pressure water, ... Between makes concrete surface rendering Pan pulp and no longer sinks, General for 20-30S, each layer concrete vibration pound dense Hou, again pouring upper concrete and avoid had vibration, vibration pound Rod mouth made size mark, with this control Xia Rod height, vibrators insert lower concrete within of depth not is less than 50mm, openings sides while Xia rod, prevent template displacement, reserved hole location to for good mark. 6.5 conservation method conservation Shi used 1 layer plastic sheeting package plus 2 layer sacks cloth (high out wall 10cm above), with wire lashing fixed, from wall top catchy watering, set hand is responsible for conservation temperature, timing watering, keep sacks wet can, conservation period 7d, has waterproof requirements of many Yu 14d, winter construction Shi can used extended split die time, summer construction Shi can used service spray water and Shabu conservation liquid of method. Roof concrete construction 7.1 7 level control with automatic leveling leveling. 7.2 stairs concrete pouring line should be in a certain order, preventing the order the construction interval is too long, have a cold joint. 7.3 vibration pound concrete Shi, avoid vibration Rod straight contact touch steel or template, and sent hand observation template, and bracket, and steel, and pre buried pieces, and reserved hole of situation, concrete 砌筑严格按规范标准进行，相邻层中垂直砌缝相错不得小于10cm。砌筑采用挤浆法水平分层进行，保证砂浆饱满，无通缝、瞎缝。每层镶面石砌筑完成后再填砌腹石，腹石与镶面石大致同高。墙身砌石与板座结合处预留接茬石。 砌体勾缝采用平凹缝，宽2.0cm，深0.8,1.0cm，勾缝所用的砂浆强度不得小于砌体所用的砂浆强度。勾缝前先把砌缝内的砂浆清理干净，再进行勾缝，最后用灰刀刮平砌缝。勾缝在涵洞主体完工后再进行。 3.6板座施工 盖板涵在墙身砌筑完成后进行板座混凝土的浇注。板座施工时，墙身砌体的砂浆强度应达到规范要求。板座采用6015或3015钢模板，内贴PVC或宝丽板。支立板座模板时，保证模板拼缝密实，与墙体片石接触处填塞紧密，以防止漏浆。PVC或宝丽板与钢模板紧贴，无起鼓现象，并防止受潮变形，同时还要横平竖直，无错台。 板座模板安装完毕后，对砌体表面进行清洗，湿润，然后采用吊车或搭设梯道进行混凝土的浇注，采用机械进行振捣，因板座表面安放盖板，要保证其表面平整度。 3.8沉降缝、防水层施工 混凝土处沉降缝采用沥青浸制木板，在混凝土浇注前安放准确，浆砌片石处沉降缝，基础沉降缝采用沥青浸制木板，墙身处沉降缝内侧塞5cm厚M10水泥砂浆，中间填塞粘土，外塞15cm厚沥青浸制麻筋。沉降缝在砌体砌筑过程中随砌随填塞粘土，砌筑完成后清除内、外侧多余部分粘土，并保持缝内干净、无杂物，然后再填塞砂浆和沥青浸制麻筋。沉降缝端面竖直、平整，在同一断面上，上下不得交错、扭曲，填缝料保证填塞密实。 结构强度达到规范要求且在表面干燥的情况下，可进行防水层的施工，当涵上填土高度小于1.0m时，采用甲种防水层，当涵上填土高度大于1.0m时，防水层采用涂两层热沥青的形式，防水层所用材料满足设计规定。防水层施工前要对结构表面进行清理，保证表面干净、干燥。涂料涂刷要均匀，从中间向两侧边墙进行，铺设材料的搭茬长度不小于20cm，且沿水流方向设置接茬。沉降缝处防水层采用一层沥青浸制麻布两层石绵沥青的形式，涂刷宽度不小于50cm，为保证基面平整，防水层施工前可采用与墙体同等标号的水泥砂浆把沉降缝两侧30cm范围内抹平，然后再施工防水层。 涵洞顶面填土小于1.0m及沉降缝防水层上均设置保护层。防水层上设置保护层时，厚度应符合设计要求，并且顶面设置2%的双向流水坡，保证表面平整、排水畅通。 防水层的施工要避开大风、高温天气，下雨天严禁进行施工。 3.10基坑回填 涵洞基坑回填前保证基坑内无水，并对基坑内的杂物进行清理，基坑回填要待结构强度达到规范要求后进行，并对称、同步、分层进行，每层厚度不得超过20cm，填料满足设计要求，距离结构较近处采用小型夯实设备分层夯实。 3.11附属施工 waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall or 涵洞锥体采用修面后的片石进行砌筑，并设置泄水孔进行排水，泄水孔直径10cm，梅花形布置，间距1.0m，并由内向外设置4%的排水坡。涵洞检查台阶采用粗料石或混凝土砌块进行砌筑，砌体表面严禁进行抹面处理，混凝土砌块表面设置防滑槽。 4施工中应重点注意的问题 4.1混凝土浇注的准备工作要做好，浇注不能中断，避免出现施工缝。 4.2边墙沉缝缝木板固定要牢，混凝土浇注要对称进行，防止沉降缝木板不垂直。 4.3防水层与混凝土面要粘贴密实，避免施工完成后出现漏水现象。 DK4+540盖板涵施工作业指导书 一、工程概况 DK4+540盖板箱涵位于川维专用线，孔径类型为:1-2.5m钢筋混凝土盖板涵，涵长20.71m，设计流量为Q1/50=11.26m3/s，该涵与线路正交。 主要工程数量为: 挖基:土方(无水)55 m3 石方243 m3 基础:M10浆砌片石218.9 m3 盖板:C20钢筋砼23.2 m3 A3钢筋2879.2Kg 墙身及出入口:M10浆砌片石136.3 m3 C15砼墙顶12.1 m3 C15砼帽石2.3 m3 防水层:涂两层热沥青84.1 m3 二、施工安排 该涵洞属于第一施工区，开工时间:2003年08月15日，竣工时间:2003年09月15日，总工期:31天。 三、施工准备 1、待DK4+308涵洞竣工后开通至DK4+540涵洞的便道。 、涵洞开工前，应根据设计资料，结合现场实际地形、地质情况，对其位2 置、方向、长度、出入口高程以及排灌系统的连接等进行核对。 3、将现场实际情况与设计情况核对无误后，根据涵洞的施工图准确测设涵洞中线位置。将用于涵洞的沙子、石料等原材料，取样合格后，方可进料用于施工，由试验室选定砂浆、砼的配合比。 4、做好施工现场的临时防排水及对原有沟渠的临时疏导工作。 5、根据现场实际情况，将原地面上的水全部排放疏干后，方可进行基础的施工。 四、工地布置 waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall ortube falling concrete, columns, and walls of the project series tube concrete pouring to prevent segregation of concrete. 6.1 laying before concrete pouring 15-20cm thickness and concrete without stone mortar of the same components, construction seam and cutting hair rinse with high pressure water, ... Between makes concrete surface rendering Pan pulp and no longer sinks, General for 20-30S, each layer concrete vibration pound dense Hou, again pouring upper concrete and avoid had vibration, vibration pound Rod mouth made size mark, with this control Xia Rod height, vibrators insert lower concrete within of depth not is less than 50mm, openings sides while Xia rod, prevent template displacement, reserved hole location to for good mark. 6.5 conservation method conservation Shi used 1 layer plastic sheeting package plus 2 layer sacks cloth (high out wall 10cm above), with wire lashing fixed, from wall top catchy watering, set hand is responsible for conservation temperature, timing watering, keep sacks wet can, conservation period 7d, has waterproof requirements of many Yu 14d, winter construction Shi can used extended split die time, summer construction Shi can used service spray water and Shabu conservation liquid of method. Roof concrete construction 7.1 7 level control with automatic leveling leveling. 7.2 stairs concrete pouring line should be in a certain order, preventing the order the construction interval is too long, have a cold joint. 7.3 vibration pound concrete Shi, avoid vibration Rod straight contact touch steel or template, and sent hand observation template, and bracket, and steel, and pre buried pieces, and reserved hole of situation, concrete 1、三通 水源:现场施工用水一定要事先解决好，DK4+540涵施工处有溪流水，可在涵洞施工地段上游砌小围堰解决用水问题。 电源:可用发电机发电。 便道:用挖掘机挖出施工便道，并利用DK4+260~+195段(DK4+395~+435段)施工所出渣料进行碾压密实，能够保证在雨天所需施工材料都能进场。 2、材料 水泥: (1)、贮存水泥的仓库应设在地势较高处，本涵洞仓库周围必须设排水沟。 (2)、袋装水泥在装卸、搬移过程中不得抛掷。 (3)、水泥应按品种、强度等级、进入仓库时间分批堆垛，堆垛高度不宜大于1.5~2.0m。堆垛应架离地面0.2m以上，并距离四周墙壁0.2~0.3m，或留一通道。 (4)、先到的水泥先用。对受潮、结块、凝结过快(过慢)、温度过高、颜色突然变化的特异现象的水泥应停止使用。 钢筋: (1)、钢筋在运输、贮存过程中，应防止锈蚀、污染和避免压弯，装卸钢筋时不得从高处抛掷。 (2)、钢筋应架空放置在仓库中。 (3)、钢筋在加工和安装过程中出现异常现象时，应立即停止使用，即时上报项目部。 骨料: (1)、尽量采用同一厂家同一批次骨料，且骨料的粗细无较大波动 (2)、对于泥沙、石粉或其它有害杂志含量较大的骨料应坚决不予以进场 (3)、粗细骨料应分开堆放 (4)、必须在骨料旁立有级配标识牌 片石: (1)、石料应为石质一致、不易风化且未风化、无裂纹的硬料，在耐久性方面要符合规定，如有水锈应尽量消除，能粘紧砂浆时方可使用。 (2)、普通片石中部厚度不应小于15cm，用作镶面的片石宜表面平整、尺寸较大，边缘厚度不得小于15cm，在施工过程中需要粗加工的片石一定要加工。 3、机械 搅拌机:施工前先检修好机械设备，同时先清洗掉搅拌机内的残凝砂浆 柴油机:注意按使用说明操作机械，并注意不用时就关掉，以节约燃料 waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall or 4、文明施工 (1)、用细绳拉出施工范围及警示线，并在现场插上彩旗 (2)、进入施工区域入口处应设置如下等警示标语牌 施工重地，谢绝参观 有电危险，注意安全 (3)、施工现场人员必须戴好安全帽，相关管理人员必须配证上岗，禁止施工人员在工地上穿拖鞋、穿短裤、赤膊等不文明现象 五、施工工艺流程 0 && image.height>0){if(image.width>=510){this.width=510;this.height=image .height*510/image.width;}}" 施工方法 1、挖扩大基础 按图纸要求准确放出控制桩及基础轴线位置，打好轴线控制桩，桩顶用铁钉准确定出位置。报监理工程师，经批准后，即可开挖土方。 根据地质情况和开挖深度基础开挖方式，采用挖掘机施工应按照测设的开挖轮廓线进行开挖，遇到较硬岩石时，采用浅眼松动爆破，并做好防护工作。置于岩层上的地基，开挖至距设计标高30厘米时，采用风镐清底，严禁爆破作业，以保证原状地基不受扰动。人工清理至标高，基底面平整度控制在?2cm之内，保证地基土不扰动。 施工期处在雨季，开挖中作排水沟以排水。 2、基础施工 基础包括台身、八字墙基顶，同时进行。 级配碎石垫层:尺寸、厚度、标高要满足设计要求，碎石表面整平后，可用人工打夯夯实，所用石料级配要合理、清洁、无杂质。 砌筑基础前要清除基底的松散土石、杂物，露出新鲜岩面或加固层，撒水湿润，先铺一层砂浆，然后采用挤浆法砌筑片石基础，片石应大面向下摆放稳固。按设计位置预留沉降缝，缝宽不少于3厘米，沉降缝内嵌入3厘米厚沥青木板。这样不仅有利于施工，而且还可做防水之用。砂浆应采用机械拌制;应采用质地坚硬、不易风化、无裂纹、清洁干净、符合各项物理力学指标的石料。 3、翼墙施工 墙身同样采用挤浆法施工。 waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall ortube falling concrete, columns, and walls of the project series tube concrete pouring to prevent segregation of concrete. 6.1 laying before concrete pouring 15-20cm thickness and concrete without stone mortar of the same components, construction seam and cutting hair rinse with high pressure water, ... Between makes concrete surface rendering Pan pulp and no longer sinks, General for 20-30S, each layer concrete vibration pound dense Hou, again pouring upper concrete and avoid had vibration, vibration pound Rod mouth made size mark, with this control Xia Rod height, vibrators insert lower concrete within of depth not is less than 50mm, openings sides while Xia rod, prevent template displacement, reserved hole location to for good mark. 6.5 conservation method conservation Shi used 1 layer plastic sheeting package plus 2 layer sacks cloth (high out wall 10cm above), with wire lashing fixed, from wall top catchy watering, set hand is responsible for conservation temperature, timing watering, keep sacks wet can, conservation period 7d, has waterproof requirements of many Yu 14d, winter construction Shi can used extended split die time, summer construction Shi can used service spray water and Shabu conservation liquid of method. Roof concrete construction 7.1 7 level control with automatic leveling leveling. 7.2 stairs concrete pouring line should be in a certain order, preventing the order the construction interval is too long, have a cold joint. 7.3 vibration pound concrete Shi, avoid vibration Rod straight contact touch steel or template, and sent hand observation template, and bracket, and steel, and pre buried pieces, and reserved hole of situation, concrete 墙身砌筑应分层、分段砌筑，分段位置宜设在沉降缝处;两相邻段的砌筑高差不得大于120厘米，分层水平砌缝应大致水平，各砌块砌缝应互相错开，砌缝应饱满，砌筑每层片石时都应采用垂球吊线，内外两侧挂线施工。砌筑时先安装定位转角片石，再安装镶面片石。然后砌筑片石之间相互交错，咬合紧密，确保砂浆饱满。沉降缝设置与基础相一致，使之在同一平面内。墙顶砼采用组合钢模板拼装，模板用脚手架和拉杆加固，现场浇注砼。砼采用强制式搅拌机拌和，振动棒振捣。沉降缝上下保持一致。 4、盖板立模与浇注及拆模 模板尽量采用钢模板，若采用木模板，要求木模板厚度不少于4m，含水率为,。模板内面涂脱模剂或机油，模板拼接处为防止漏浆，可用油毛毡内衬于模壁。模板拼装尺寸要准确，模板联结牢固，板缝紧密，外侧支撑牢固，内侧支撑若用的是木支撑，在浇注过程中要取出，为方便施工建议使用钢筋作内支撑。 盖板钢筋要严格按设计图纸下料与制作，钢筋骨架要绑扎牢固，布筋尺寸准确，注意本盖板有上拱度。同时，保护层厚度要够，正确放置钢筋骨架，防止漏筋等现象，在钢筋与模板之间可用水泥砂浆垫块支垫，其强度不应小于设计的混凝土强度，且垫块应互相错开，不得横贯保护层的全部截面。 在各项准备工作就绪，经监理工程师检验后可以开始浇注。浇注前要清除墙顶松散物料、杂物，并预先洒水湿润。浇注时要两侧墙身分段同时对称浇注。用附式或振动棒捣固混凝土，，每一振点的振捣时间宜为20~30s，以混凝土不再沉落，不出现气泡，表面呈现浮浆为度。在捣固盖板时，要注意振动棒不要触损钢筋网。同时振捣要充分，以排盖板顶表面要拉毛，以方便做除混凝土中的气泡，防止麻面现象。 防水层。盖板台座顶面要抹平。 在炎热天气设法控制拌合后的混凝土温度，防止混凝土在浇注过程中过早硬化和出现裂纹。拆模时注意不要损伤砼体的表面及棱角，若有麻面，经主管技术人员同意，可用砂浆抹饰。拆模前后的养护要在新浇混凝土表面覆盖浸湿麻袋或含较多水的一定厚度细砂等方式防止高温的影响，并经常洒水。拆下的模板清洗干净，修理后有序堆放以备下次使用。 5、帽石 因帽石尺寸较小，可采用木模板浇制，要按设计尺寸立模，模板接缝位于水平或竖直面上，内侧巾胶带纸防漏浆，板面涂脱模剂(或好机油)，要求帽石一次性浇注。表面要抹光，平整度高，外形方正。 6、勾缝 勾缝前应先清理掉涵身与基础相接处的厚积砂浆，然后尽量将涵身内侧表面凸出不平处打掉，然后清理出约3cm的缝槽，再用水泥砂浆勾出美观的缝。勾好的缝，在其处于潮湿状态时用黑墨汁涂染，以使其更美观。 7、回填 涵洞两侧路堤填土必须对称均匀填筑，分层夯实达到最佳密度的90,，禁止一侧填土造成偏压。(相关回填再参考回填部份要求)且分层夯实时，用压压路机静碾，墙背50cm范围内采用蛙式打夯机夯实。 waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall or 涵洞顶部1.0m厚度的回填方式:先20cm厚粘性土，然后是50公分厚碎石、卵石或精骨料，再是30cm的小片石。用人工逐层夯实。 六、防水层与沉降缝的施工 1、防水层的施工 涵洞的钢筋砼结构设置防水层的作用是防止水分侵入混凝土内，使钢筋锈蚀，缩短结构寿命。 用作防水层的沥青，在施工前应检查材质的试验资料，均符合规定的要求。 铺设防水层时首先将结构物表面清刷干净，干燥无水，然后在结构物上涂以热沥青两道，每道厚1mm~1.5mm。第二道应在第一道充分凝固后进行。敷设时应防雨、防寒、防阳光长时间直射。 2、沉降缝的施工 为避免涵洞不均匀沉陷，应按设计要求设置沉降缝，沉降缝宽度2cm。 沥青麻布在现场浸制。M10水泥砂浆在现场用强制式搅拌机拌制。 施工时先把施工缝内和外表面清理干净，沉降缝外侧用沥青浸制麻筋填塞深度5cm，内侧以M10水泥砂浆填塞深度15cm，沥青麻筋与砂浆之间填以粘土。所有填塞都应插捣密实。沉降缝外面敷设50cm宽的一层沥青浸制麻布和两层石棉沥青防水层，沥青麻布应在先涂刷的热石棉沥青未凝固时进行，使能粘合成一体。 七、施工中应注意事项 (1)、严格控制不要超挖或欠挖 (2)、若地质情况与设计不符或需要变更处必须报知项目部，不得擅作处理。 (3)、一定要保证所用片石要清洁，且坚决不能使用风化石。 (4)、砌墙身时，片石不得立放，有层理的片石应平放 (5)、施工中亦要在保证质量的基础上保证美观，且应美观的地方一定要下功夫施工 (6)、基础及墙身要砌填密实，不得有空洞 (7)、特别注意沉降缝两侧涵身一定要对齐，且不得错缝和犬牙交错 (8)、不要在砌体上砸大石块 (9)、要注意养护基础及墙身和砼工程 (10)、接茬片石 (11)、施工缝处的水泥砂浆薄膜、松动石子或松弱混凝土层应凿除，并应用水冲洗干净 (12)、禁止使用塑料薄膜内衬模板 八、质量、安全措施 质量: waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall ortube falling concrete, columns, and walls of the project series tube concrete pouring to prevent segregation of concrete. 6.1 laying before concrete pouring 15-20cm thickness and concrete without stone mortar of the same components, construction seam and cutting hair rinse with high pressure water, ... Between makes concrete surface rendering Pan pulp and no longer sinks, General for 20-30S, each layer concrete vibration pound dense Hou, again pouring upper concrete and avoid had vibration, vibration pound Rod mouth made size mark, with this control Xia Rod height, vibrators insert lower concrete within of depth not is less than 50mm, openings sides while Xia rod, prevent template displacement, reserved hole location to for good mark. 6.5 conservation method conservation Shi used 1 layer plastic sheeting package plus 2 layer sacks cloth (high out wall 10cm above), with wire lashing fixed, from wall top catchy watering, set hand is responsible for conservation temperature, timing watering, keep sacks wet can, conservation period 7d, has waterproof requirements of many Yu 14d, winter construction Shi can used extended split die time, summer construction Shi can used service spray water and Shabu conservation liquid of method. Roof concrete construction 7.1 7 level control with automatic leveling leveling. 7.2 stairs concrete pouring line should be in a certain order, preventing the order the construction interval is too long, have a cold joint. 7.3 vibration pound concrete Shi, avoid vibration Rod straight contact touch steel or template, and sent hand observation template, and bracket, and steel, and pre buried pieces, and reserved hole of situation, concrete (1)、严格按图纸、按规范、按工艺、按标准施工 (2)、施工队自检，然后报项目部复检 (3)、项目部明确之施工，坚决执行 安全: (1)、认真进行进场安全教育工作 (2)、对爆破等作业必须要持证上岗，以易燃易爆物品加强管理 (3)、加强机电设备的管理与养护 (4)、严格执行操作规程，不得违章指挥和作业 (5)、现场要有安全警示标语，各类施工人员必须戴安全帽 (6)、抓好饮食与卫生工作，严防中毒与疾病等事件发生 九、其它 针对本涵洞的具体施工，补充内容如下: (1)、砼浇注“六不准” 模板尺寸不够不准施工 模板强度和稳定性不够不准施工 模板跑浆缝隙未堵好不准施工 钢筋骨架变形不准施工 钢筋骨架未解决好漏筋不准施工 钢筋骨架以承片石未放好(保护层厚度不够)不准施工 (2)、片石从开挖坡顶放入基坑时，一定要注意安全 (3)、严禁驾驶人员穿拖鞋开车 (4)、严禁在工地上饮酒 (5)、注意林草茂密处蛇虫等有害侵袭 (6)、加强防暑工作，必须备有防暑相关药剂或汤水 waterproofing must be by the construction of the professional team, operator certificates. II laying the waterproof layer of the grass-roots level according to the design completion of construction and maintenance drying, moisture content is not more than 9%, the grass-roots level should be smooth, solid, not hollow crack or sand. ? waterproof layer construction coated end of oil (cold oil), you should clean up the surface of the grass-roots. ? construction materials are ... Primary treatment: too much of a very irregular surface area, tick the first plain or filled with cement mortar, smooth surface parts picking hairs; doors Windows and workmanship in compact vertical wall junction with cement mortar; wall hole plug tightly. Primary surface dust, dirt, grease and solvents, such as cleaning, grass-root surface bump obvious parts, prior tick or fill flat with 1:0.3:3 mortar mix. In reinforced concrete shear wall and girder Wall filling with aerated concrete junction of different material at the junction of Hung 200 wide φ 1 galvanized steel wire mesh (9*25). Wall scaffold hole plugging tight, plumbing vent pipes through the hole in the wall and the roof holes, cut the discerning wall pipe must be installed after using 1:0.3:3 mixing mortar block. 2) Regulation, correcting this project interior wall plastering as intermediate plasters, angle, set the bar, layering, trimming, surface pressure. With support Board check the wall vertical, smooth and largely determine the thickness of the plaster (the thinnest not less than 7mm, with the end of mortar or 1:0.3:3 mixed mortar wall around the corner to make a standard gray bread, in case of Windows and doors, corner hole to be filled, space 1.2~1.5M, drawing dust cake. Interior wall or