紫色姐妹花影评

紫色姐妹花影评 伟大的女性，指引人类上升。 ——维克多?雨果 你是富裕的，因为你有钱上网看到这张帖子——于是你是自由的，因为没有谁逼迫你 打开这张帖子——于是你是骄傲的，因为你多少会赞同或者反驳这张帖子; 你是美丽或英俊的，哪怕仅仅只是相对的——于是你是自信的，哪怕仅仅只是相对的 ——于是你也是骄傲的，哪怕仅仅只是相对的。 ——于是，这些就是你快乐最重要的缘由:不论多寡，自由而自信的骄傲。 那么，我们现在试着来剔除这些条件，看看效果好么, 假如…… 假如你生来贫贱之极——而且这贫贱罪不在你，假如你生来又丑陋之极——同样这丑 陋罪不在你…… 你的自由会在哪里,你的自信会在哪里,你的骄傲又会在哪里,你的快乐在哪里, 最后，你还是个黑人，一个黑女人，有着“全世界最丑陋的笑容”的黑女人，生活在 新大陆黑人社群最荒蛮的时代。 …… 《紫色》，1985年，改编自黑人女作家艾莉斯?沃克(Alice Walker)小说《紫色 姐妹花》(The Color Purple)，导演斯皮尔伯格，女主角喜丽(Celie)由琥碧?戈德堡 (Whoopi Goldberg)饰演。 斯皮尔伯格的鼎鼎大名，想必众网友耳熟能详。抛开其他，单就技巧而论，将镜头、 剪辑及配乐等所有电影语言能运用得炉火纯青的导演，相信无人敢自居此君之上(希望这 句话不要引起争议——我的意思并非指无人能与之并驾齐驱)。《紫色》一片中，浑然天 成的电影语言俯首皆是。 然而这部影片上映之后，引发了批评界的极大争议——几乎是骂声一片，先是老美的 “影评人士”，现在又到了中国的“影评界”。所有的骂声主要指向两个方向:美化黑人 以及禁忌材。说到这里，又不得不简单交代一下80年代的美国电影界。 《紫色》是美国电影史上第一部黑人题材的电影，主要演员几乎全部为黑人之外，参 与影片摄制的工作人员也大半为有色人种。关于种族问题在美国，这里我也无须赘言，有 兴趣的朋友查阅一下1992年洛杉矶大暴动的相关资料就很清楚了，顺带再强调一遍，《紫 色》完成于1985年。与黑人题材在主流文化中的禁忌类似，乱伦与同性恋在电影题材里并 无二致。 简介年代背景后，我们可以暂时抛开对《紫色》中禁忌题材的指责，回到“美化黑人 ”这个问题上来。这种指责主要有两条:第一，认为《紫色》一片中对黑人生活的描述不 实，里面的“黑人过得太舒适了”;第二，认为《紫色》一片中大团圆结局有落俗之嫌， 并同时“美化了黑人”。 首先，我认为，对影片的这种指责(“美化黑人”)，本身就带有种族倾向。关于指 责的第一条，最简单的反诘便是:“为什么黑人不能有房子和田地,”难道美国的黑人就 象在今天必须生活在贫民窟里一样，在历史上最舒适的待遇也只能是“汤姆叔叔的小屋” ,这种反诘看起来有点偏激，然而只要稍微地读一下美国历史(两百年而已)，便会发现 抱有“美化黑人”之指责的评论家，其种族倾向昭然若揭。影片讲述的是20世纪初的故事 ，当时的美国尚未完全步入工业化，依旧处于“自由竞争”而非“垄断”阶段，而其作为 “契约”建国的移民国家美国，本身就以其地域的广袤与资源的丰富留给了“资本家”以 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 大量的机会。在初步完成了开垦之后，那些“野心勃勃的资本家”正在城市里忙着“从汗 毛孔里流脓血”地积累资本，有暇顾及的是在城市里(《纽约黑帮》可以作为最好的注脚 )站稳自己的脚跟。于是留一片田园牧歌的空间给黑人，自然之极——同时当我们抛开对 美国的偏见，必须承认“契约”建国的美国，比较“当时的欧洲”，的确更为宽容，的确 存在着大量的机会，哪怕你是黑人，但前提必须是勤劳的黑人。而影片中“先生”(喜丽 的丈夫)一家以及喜丽等正符合这一条件，而且他们生活在的黑人小社区也为他们提供了 更多的机会(社区对于黑人十分重要，后面将再度提及)。简单地明晰了这段历史之后， 对影片以此种指责的评论家，其态度背后的东西，大家想必不难发觉了。 第二种指责比第一种指责专业、严厉而且更有意义，需要我们仔细起来。《紫色》一 片讲述的故事能一语概之——“一对黑人姐妹被迫分开多年，历经辛苦之后重逢，原谅了 自己这苦难的始作俑者。”故事里面涉及着家庭与宗教。这类大团圆结局题材从中国的《 哪吒》到美国版《新基督山伯爵》，歌颂亲情、爱情、友情力量的电影全世界都不胜枚举 。为什么黑人的大团圆结局就有问题了呢,假如将里面的黑人演员，黑人故事全置换成白 人故事，哪怕是犹太人(《辛德勒的名单》)，《紫色》会不会免受影评家攻击,我的答 案是会～这一自问自答或者太过偏激了，有人可能依旧保持着自己的意见:《哪吒》早就 是“封建糟粕”，《新基督山伯爵》更胡乱篡改，《辛德勒的名单》甚至也不过如此(有 类似批评)。但是这里我想说的是，《紫色》的结局必须如此，也正因如此影片才产生真 正的、巨大的艺术魅力。 下面我将会详细地探讨《紫色》的叙事，借以回答第二种指责。 影片开始。是两姐妹在紫色姐妹花从中拍手游戏。基调就已经浮现出来了，是姐妹情 ，扩展开来得到的便是家庭，而这家庭将继续在影片中进一步扩展开来(等我慢慢说)。 姐妹俩在游戏之时，却被继父粗暴地打断了。喜丽与妹妹游戏之时脸蛋上的笑容还尚 未消褪，她继父没忘记评论一句:“你的笑容是世界上最丑的。”喜丽依旧傻笑着，当时 她才14岁，大着肚子，肚子里是继父的孩子，更恐怖的是——她以为那男人不是继父而是 亲生父亲。再接着的一组镜头讲述喜丽生产，接生的是妹妹南蒂，生产之后孩子却被父亲 送人了(更应该是卖人了)。——以喜丽对上帝的告白出现。 原谅我将这一段讲得太过强调与详细，评论起来，这一段却是影片最关键的地方。 “乱伦”之事从影片一开始便突现出来以后，会引发观众如何的情感呢,同情,恐惧 ,恶心,鄙视,嘲笑,……套用“女性批评”(注:西方批评界的一个流派，不能简单地 等同与“女权主义”)的经典批评，即“以女性视角解读文本”，而不被一直以来的“读 者的男性视角”所误导，(抛开贞操、乱伦等男性以语言权利附加于女性的压迫性词汇) ，得出来的结论单纯得令人心惊(我们现在暂时不进入哲学层面):赤裸裸的对尊严的剥 夺，以嘲笑剥夺掉喜丽人的权利(对美与快乐的希望)，以暴力剥夺掉喜丽“人”的权利 (两方面剥夺，以泄欲将喜丽工具化，以卖孩子将喜丽更甚一部的工具化)，而这来源于 “父亲”(„父亲?一词具有甚为巨大的象征意义，我们暂时离开这个词汇)。整部电影 的奠基完成了——对人的尊严绝对(几乎)剥夺。 讲到这里，恕我妄言:假如由影片开始这一段引发出的感情，仅仅是同情，那么这一 部电影就会是简单的道德说教外加大团圆结局的滥情片;假如引发的是恶心和鄙视，那么 你不要看这部电影了，斯皮尔伯格与琥碧对你来讲太严肃了，适合你的是王晶或者饭岛爱 。 接着看上南蒂的亚伯特即“先生”向喜丽父亲求娶南蒂，结果娶了喜丽。如此丑女娶 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 来做什么,做事，泄欲。与父亲一样，先生也对喜丽有着绝对的控制权，要打则打，要骂 则骂。一次偶然的机会，喜丽在商店里见到了自己的孩子，但仅仅只能抱抱而已，(这段 中注意白人老板对黑人妇女的态度)。不久，妹妹南蒂由于受不了父亲的骚扰，逃来姐姐 这里。但两姐妹自知在一切的时间不会长久，因为两姐妹同样认可了自己面对“父亲”“ 先生”等人的无力。于是姐妹两为着将来做准备——识字，以便分开以后写信。最后果不 出其所料，先生强暴南蒂未遂之后，分开了姐妹二人。 喜丽继续被剥夺——最后的，仅存的，妹妹的爱。但识字之后，妹妹的来信成了她的 希望。喜丽屈从了这个“制度”，如她和妹妹两次读的那书里的文字“……成为制度下的 牺牲品”。 假如艾莉斯?沃克仅仅是讲述喜丽的故事，她便以此书拿不了美国文学奖与普利策奖 了，同样假如斯皮尔伯格仅仅是讲述喜丽的故事，艾莉斯?沃克也不会让电影得以诞生。 艾莉斯?沃克需要讲述的是自己祖先的故事。于是索菲娅出场了。 作为喜丽下一代的黑人女性，索非亚性情暴烈，同时敢于反抗。她是哈波(先生之子 ，但不是喜丽所生)的老婆，藐视的不单是先生，还有哈波。体格壮硕的索非亚不单以她 无畏的个性来抗争一切不公，还有拳脚。 然而“制度化”了(这里很热评的《肖申克的救赎》里一词)的喜丽面对索非亚有些 不知所措，在哈波对索非亚毫无办法的时候，先生与喜丽都鼓动哈波以拳头来征服索非亚 ，维持“制度”的稳定。 索非亚知晓以后很是伤心，对喜丽讲明自己“一生抗争”的信念之后，引发了喜丽的 自省——自己的信念又是什么,上帝,妹妹,索非亚对“制度”的抗争，带来她与哈波的 分手。 而下一个出场的女人直接影响到了喜丽的未来。她是夏葛，先生的情妇，哈波的母亲 ，一个自由而放荡(本词不含任何贬义，万勿误会)的女人。同时也是“制度”的殉难品 ，为父亲，为家庭所不齿。喜丽出于对夏葛的自由与美丽甚是尊敬、羡慕甚至几乎崇拜， 以及隐含着姐妹之情和自身的温柔善良，开始接触与照顾病中的夏葛。黑人女性所共有的 悲哀将她们联系在一起——都是“制度下的殉难品”。喜丽与夏葛哼唱着的童谣，透露出 她们共同的期待——被承认，被接受，被爱。 但男人们却不肯看到这些，老先生(先生之父)出场了，身材矮小的他却在气势完全 压倒了高大魁梧的先生，肆无忌惮地在先生面前诋毁夏葛。为夏葛打抱不平的喜丽以其特 有的方式报复了老先生(口水)，这一段又需要注意了，因为喜丽的反抗从这里开始。老 先生则又有其特有的象征意义——可以认为他便是“制度”在本片里的化生。而喜丽又如 何真正觉醒呢,斯皮尔伯格娓娓道来。 哈波在湖面上建了一家酒吧，建好之后，马上将夏葛邀请到酒吧演。这也成为这一 黑人小社群的一个小节日——众黑人前来酒吧狂欢，女儿是狂热的舞蹈与爵士乐……父亲 则在教堂里慨激昂的布道(夏葛的父女)…… 讲到这里，我们又不得不暂且谈谈其他了。德国艺术史学家格罗塞(Ernst Grosse) 曾经以一本小书《艺术的起源》来研究原始艺术，书中认为，舞蹈这一艺术拥有极强的社 会功用——维持部落这一小团体的团结与稳定，同时，舞蹈不同于任何其他艺术形式(比 如音乐、美术以及文学等)，它是在原始社会绝对主导而在文明社会日渐式微的一门艺术 ——即它在文明社会日益丧失其社会功用，被雕刻(希腊时代)、绘画(文艺复兴时代) 、文学(浪漫主义时代)等取而代之。那么对于黑人——这一植根于原始非洲的种族，舞 蹈应该具有一种什么样的地位,爵士乐的诞生于红灯区，不过是催情的音乐，但却也是从 黑人R&B、灵歌里诞生出来的音乐。黑人对音乐与舞蹈的感觉，以及音乐与舞蹈给予黑人的 ，绝不是我们今天可以以自己简单甚至可以说粗暴的态度，能够完全理解的。黑人的艺术 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 家，并不能够草率地等同于我们的流行巨星，在这里我也很难以三言两语介绍清楚，当代 美国著名的美学家理查德?舒斯特曼对此做过卓越的美学分析与评论，有兴趣的读者可以 自己找着看看。最后，概括成一句话——即夏葛以其自己的方式(音乐与舞蹈)在黑人中 “布道”，以另一种方式歌颂与追求着爱。 《Sister》一歌就是给夏葛的“道”最好的注解。在哈波酒吧里，她将之献给喜丽。 在夏葛之前，上帝没有给予喜丽任何的启示和任何的爱。而夏葛的这一曲歌，却承载了这 一启示并奉献出真挚的爱。 随即而来的却是一场酒吧混战，由索非亚引起。这场戏刻画出的是索非亚反抗“制度 ”的后果——虽然表面是勇敢无畏，但是内心深处深感悲哀(在影片里去找)。而喜丽则 多少有点超然物外的味道:对黑人社区的混乱习以为常，当成一幕喜剧般欣赏，因为一直 以来无人会关注自己这个“丑女人”。但夏葛拉走了她。 夏葛以自己对喜丽的爱，唤醒了喜丽——对喜丽之美的衷心赞扬以及肉体上的爱。当 喜丽开始亲吻并羞涩矜持地抚摸夏葛之时，正如鲁迅先生(好像是)对“如花美眷，似水 流年”的评价一样，完成了女性的觉醒。悲哀的喜丽，同样悲哀的夏葛，以女性自身的姿 态相互温暖。……我一直以为，这是同性恋题材中最纯洁与美丽的一段场景……从此喜丽 再不含胸，再不掩饰自己的笑容。 但夏葛马上就要走了，临行之前前往教堂乞求父亲的宽恕，因为“全改变了”，但父 亲依旧拒绝原谅夏葛。这一段很重要，影片一直在强调着黑人内心变化之时，还强调着他 们生活环境的变化，从邮差送信的汽车到修建铁路的黑人到后来先生的拖拉机以及“喜丽 小姐的大众裤”，而这些变化一方面源自故事(内心)之时也同时影响改变了故事(环境 )。(或者有人认为在影片此段之前，对于环境的变化少交代，但请大家注意，夏葛更多 的时间在四处漂泊，她对变化更敏感是毋庸置疑的。) 觉醒之后的喜丽想与夏葛一道离开，但临行之前却没有勇气。目睹夏葛的离开，喜丽 心力交瘁昏倒在路上。她不得不继续过着“制度化”的生活，在先生的阴影之下。 正如前文所言，影片不是讲述喜丽一个人的故事，还有一个极重要的角色——索非亚 。索非亚遭遇到市长夫人——愚蠢、蛮横、冷酷而又故作姿态的白人妇女。对歧视的拒绝 之后(拒绝做市长夫人的保姆)，索非亚对侮辱(市长先生的耳光)的反抗导致了她的悲 惨遭遇。勇敢无畏，曾经成功地抵抗住黑人男性压迫的索非亚，在白人面前惶恐地求助上 帝，最终低头。(后文将再度提及) 影片里有一个重要的道具——信箱。索非亚被关押之后，斯皮尔伯格单独给了信箱一 个镜头，在乌云满天的月下。简单理解，可以认为信箱代表着喜丽的信念，这镜头给出以 后，信箱被升华成黑人女性的信念——不管是上帝还是妹妹。 接着是索非亚出狱，成了市长夫人的保姆，曾经开朗健康的女人成了沉默寡言而跛足 瞎眼且一头白发的老女人。一次在商店里买东西的时候，喜丽帮助了她——算是启发的反 哺了。这段里白人老板对市长夫人的态度，一定要拿来对比他曾经对牧师夫人(喜丽女儿 的养母)以及喜丽的态度。 市长夫人给了索非亚一个圣诞假期，黑人社区的亲情，儿女们的爱，拯救了索非亚。 可惜一切又被将黑人当作玩具的自认“一直对你们黑人很好”的市长夫人冷酷地破坏掉了 。 时间继续流逝，转眼已是1936年。一个春天，夏葛重新来拜访喜丽，她极开心，因为 她结婚了，而且丈夫是一个“变化”了的黑人。夏葛对婚姻的强调又透露出“制度”的强 力，她甚至希望以此得到父亲的原谅。但这些都是小插曲，真正的大事件，是她替喜丽找 到了妹妹的来信。原来先生一直将喜丽的信件藏了起来，而喜丽一直无法接触那信箱。 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 得知妹妹和自己的孩子都活着并在非洲时(因为牧师去那里布道的原因)，喜丽完全 觉醒了，新的世界展现在喜丽眼前，教堂的圣歌也暗示着喜丽对上帝的感激以及新生。 一次读信时又被先生殴打后，喜丽决定反抗——杀死先生，察觉出喜丽完全新生的夏 葛阻止了喜丽的报复，先生开始恐惧这“该死的女人”。 一次聚餐之时，三代男人都在——老先生，先生和哈波，两代女人也在——喜丽和索 非亚。女人真正的反抗开始了。——这一段太精彩了，我简单摘几句话在下面。 喜丽:“我现在要进入上帝的高级生活。”“这些笨蛋(指先生的孩子们)。”“你 们都是不幸的小孩。”“你父亲是狗屎。” 索非亚:“我看到你(指商店里遇到喜丽)……我知道上帝还存在。”“这里会有很 大的改变。” 老先生则在一旁强调自己要的是“稳定。” 完全觉醒之后，喜丽离开了先生，也放弃了对先生的恨，只想去追求新的生活。面对 先生的打击，喜丽回答道:“我很穷，又是黑人，甚至还很丑，但是上帝，我在这里。” 离开先生后，喜丽以自己的努力带来了自由和财富，并乐意将希望送给其他人(火车 上一幕)。而先生则日益潦倒。世界真的变了，先生开上了拖拉机，而老先生也觉得自己 家教出了问题。先生还开始反省自己对哈波与索非亚犯的错。 另一方面，喜丽甚至原谅了自己的继父，当得知他并非自己的亲生父亲之后，喜丽完 全放开了心事——反过来证明喜丽所受的创伤。但对这一段的误解也会很自然，有人会解 读成斯皮尔伯格给了喜丽逃离乱伦的一种同情与一个借口，这又是出自他自己的三级片心 态。这一段里，喜丽想证明的或者说得到结论的，并非是自己没有乱伦，而是她真正的父 母其实在爱上并没有遗弃她。而通过继父后来的老婆“他死在我身上”，这一句并不是简 单的嘲讽与笑话，而是刻画出那一代黑人男性(延伸到了先生身上的)的枯萎与渺小。 同样，喜丽也原谅了先生，但是与索非亚，与夏葛一样，喜丽也感觉了黑人男性的冥 顽。与夏葛讨论上帝之爱与姐妹之爱后(喜丽倾向于后者)，她们等待着男人的变化。 环境使然，黑人男性的坚冰开始消融。首先是夏葛的牧师父亲。 堪称经典一段歌舞片断。夏葛在酒吧里演唱《Sister》，她牧师父亲的教堂则高歌《 上帝告诉你》，夏葛听到以后，也开始高唱圣歌，带着自己的听众浩浩荡荡走向教堂。最 后JAZZ与圣歌合一。牧师接受了夏葛的拥抱，“看吧，爸爸，罪人也是有灵魂的。”—— 昭示着平等。 先生也开始了自己的赎罪，向移民局解释掉南蒂的身份——喜丽的妹妹南蒂从回美国 的途中被移民之事所困。 最后，风铃与邮差的铃铛声中，喜丽姐妹团聚——还有她的子女，落日之下，已经衰 老的姐妹重新在姐妹花中拍手游戏，先生牵着马从她们身后走过。 几乎一口气讲完这故事(中间的议论有点迫不得以了)，全因为我观看这影片的感受 :浑然天成的叙事，无枝蔓，无繁芜，精致的几乎无法加减其中任何一个片断——一个镜 头。而且这是一部经典的黑人题材与女性主义的电影——哪怕导演是白人和男人。 现在我们再来讨论一下影片大团圆结局的必然性。在讨论之前，我个人认为，再次清 除我们对黑人的偏见极有必要——黑人不单不是走向堕落与低俗的，他们与任何民族任何 人种一样，同样是一个上升的民族。于是艾莉斯?沃克声称:“这是斯蒂芬、昆西(制片 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame )、我以及全体工作人员献给全人类的礼物。”同时，艾莉斯?沃克告诉我们，“故事是 用来置疑传统神学理论。”“主体是家庭成员之间的互动。”——依据现代以及后现代某 些艺术批评理论，作者的意图正是解释的目的。那么我们展示依据作者给出的框架来解释 这部电影。 艾莉斯?沃克点出的那两点，其实是密不可分的，故事结局也是必然要将归于大团圆 的。 首先，影片一开始，就出现了喜丽对上帝的告白。面对压迫与剥夺，面对如此悲惨的 不平等际遇，喜丽最初想到的也是上帝，但是上帝从来没有给予喜丽任何启示或帮助。同 样，索非亚在困境之中求助上帝，但上帝一样遗弃了她，最终是在喜丽身上发现了神性， 而喜丽也在妹妹、夏葛以及索非亚身上发现了神性。最终喜丽则是完全抛弃了上帝，在她 心里只有对妹妹的爱(但这爱并不是自闭而是开放的)。……上述这些DVD花絮里面有。 既然上帝不救我，我又如何得救,如上所述——自助并助人，上帝并没有离开我们， 而是将神性下放到众人身上，好人/喜丽、牧师，罪人/先生、夏葛——“罪人也是有灵魂 的”。但这种宗教情绪又在本质上是与传统宗教一致的——于是有了教堂歌舞的那一幕。 《新约》“马可福音”里耶稣论最大诫命两条中，爱“神”之后第二条就是“要爱人如己 ”。但基督教的爱，是义务的爱，是神训的爱，而《紫色》则将“爱”还原为自觉的爱， 由姐妹之爱扩散开来的与教义一样宽泛但更要坦诚的爱。于是这种爱必然要回归于家庭， 因为它抛弃了基督教过于虚无且更接近盲目与狂热(相对的，希望不要有争议)的爱，本 身便来自于亲情里面真实可感而又清晰与醇和的爱。简而言之，艾莉斯?沃克希望建立的 伦理体系是——从家庭出发，用亲情的爱奠基完成小世界之后，再将之扩散到大世界。这 便是“献给人类的礼物”。她直接取消了西方世界自基督教文化奠基以来到斯宾诺莎/康德 伦理体系中的“义务”倾向，同时以家庭为单位的伦理单元，虽然很接近儒家，但有本质 上的区别——儒家讲的也是义务性质的“孝”。(这一个论点里，最主要也是最重要的， 就是艾莉斯?沃克取消基督教伦理体系中强制性的义务倾向。) 第二，即“家庭成员间的互动”。这里艾莉斯?沃克就已经告诉我们大团圆结局的必 然了。 索非亚作用于喜丽，喜丽反哺索非亚，这是一段最能够揭示爱的互动。先生压迫喜丽 ，喜丽反抗先生最后使得先生觉悟，这又是另一种压迫与反抗的互动，假如没有喜丽、索 非亚以及夏葛等女性的反抗，先生所代表的黑人男性会最终“改变”么,正如题记所言: “伟大的女性，指引人类上升。” 而艾莉斯?沃克将故事的叙述中心置放在“家庭”这一结构上，自有其多重理由。第 一、黑人自身的传统。黑人社会的原始特色(非洲)使之最重要的社会单位是部落，这一 社会单位具有典型的血缘色彩。被贩卖到美洲之后，几千年根植于黑人之中的血缘色彩， 无法以部落为单位重新组成(一方面也是由于发展了的社会组织)，很自然地演化成家庭 ，稍广之后则是黑人社区(影片中的黑人村落以及今天的黑人街区)。第二、黑人的弱势 地位。白人对黑人的厌恶以及抗拒，将黑人牢牢地排挤在社会群体之外(至少在当时)， 这又使得黑人的弱势位置进一步得以加强——社会形态的不公让黑人无法获得更多的机会 来反作用社会形态。无法形成主流也无法与主流交流对话同时也被白人主流分隔开来的， 边缘位置的黑人不得不将交流述诸于自己——家庭与黑人社区。 说到这里，我们不得不得出一个结论，只要是黑人题材的电影，无法脱离种族问题这 一框架。但《紫色》作为“献给全人类的礼物”，在超越了种族问题。 在开展这个话题之前，我们需要进行两点准备。 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 首先，是文本的解释。当代最有影响的两大美学流派——分析美学与解构主义为我们 提供了大量(甚至混乱)的方向与，简而言之，前者在表面层次上认同作品的有机统 一，倾向于认为作品自身的完整与可解(并不是所有的分析美学家都如此强调)，解释则 是来源于作品的意向(而不绝对是作者的意向)，后者在表面层次上主张解中心，无限自 由以及置换，倾向于作品无限可解。……这是一个哲学/美学争论，并不是这张帖子的主题 ，提出来是为了明确我们下面所采用的解释方法在哲学/美学上有充分的立场(但不是唯一 立场)，我们下面将采取分析美学的方法解释这部电影中的种族问题——即考察作品自身 各部分的相互作用，认可作品的客观性(对作者意向的超越)。 第二，再度追溯黑人历史。暂且以福柯考古历史的方式，我们从先生入手来考察这一 个问题。影片中的先生(所有的黑人男性)，有很漂亮的房子，穿着西装，系着领带，皮 鞋油光发亮，常骑一匹骏马，就外貌而言绅士得无以加复，但他却是穿着衬衫干活的农夫 ，行为粗暴，家里简直……即袜子也能当成领带系的家伙。这也在很大程度上造成了观众 的误读——黑人的这种装束与状态现实吗,不单现实，而且从这个符号里，折射出黑人的 历史。美国自南北战争以后，黑人摆脱了其奴隶的命运——今天全世界的人都为此铭记着 林肯的伟大，但这仅仅是生理上的自由，黑人被白人在很长一段时间里(甚至今天都在延 续)统治着精神。先生的装扮就是极好的例子:获得自由后的黑人，以勤劳获得了物质， 但精神上呢,他们缺少教育，他们甚至不知道应该如何构建自己的生活，被奴隶的经历也 造成了美国黑人的人格异化，即自由后的黑人(特别是物质上有所获得的黑人)，在行为 习惯上极力模仿白人——他们曾经的主人，衣着上的模仿，文化上的模仿，还有奴隶制度 ”与“不幸的孩子”，白人主流 的模仿——对黑人女性的压制。所以这一切造成了“狗屎 社会的不予接纳，使得黑人失去了接受教育的权利，对白人的模仿自然成了四不象——先 生模仿绅士以风度鲜花骏马之类勾引南蒂，接着却是极不绅士的强暴。对奴隶制度的模仿 更是造就了喜丽姐妹的悲哀。 现在我们重新回到种族问题上来。 第二个问题的讨论，使得我们清楚了当时的黑人还是奴性未除的黑人。现在我们要做 的是拼接电影里的一些细节，使得主题浮现。(这些工作请网友自己完成了) 首先是黑人男性对女性的压迫，然后是黑人男性之间的压迫(老先生对先生)，最后 白人对黑人的压迫(索非亚的遭遇)。将这一切拼接完成之后，我们会非常清晰地看到喜 丽的位置。而索非亚的遭遇更是点睛之笔，她的遭遇将这三重压迫全还原到了最后一重上 。影片里指向种族问题的力度有多大，大家应该一目了然了。 “制度”这个在影片里多处出现的词语也得以一点一滴地从多角度折射出来。这制度 直接来源于奴隶制。 但是为何说这部影片超越了种族问题呢,我们从夏葛谈开。 夏葛是影片里黑人女性的一个特例，她以横溢的才华与不羁的天性在一定程度上超越 了“制度”，我们需要注意她成功的原因——音乐。美国主流的白人社会虽然从各方面抵 制黑人，但也有开明之处——哪怕是源于他们自己的需要，于是黑人音乐得以进入白人市 场(《海上钢琴师》又译《声光伴我飞》可做注脚)，这也就是夏葛意识到“世界变了” 了最有启发性的原因。白人的这种宽容(虽然还远远不够)直接导致了夏葛对“制度”的 思考。而她也将这种思考以言行传递给喜丽等一干黑人女性。 这思考主要是:第一，“制度”合理么,第二，女人也能自立(就象黑人与黑人音乐 能在白人社会里传递一样);第三，黑人男性也需要改变，他们同样是制度下的牺牲品， 而且他们把持的心态不再适合时代。关于第三点从喜丽嘴里的“不幸的孩子”就很是明白 了。那么美国的黑人种群需要的是什么, 重新回到了家庭。 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 三重的压迫带来了三重的反抗，而这三重的反抗又将使得压迫与被压迫得以消解或缓 解。即黑人女性对黑人男性的反抗，黑人男性对上一代的反抗，还有黑人对白人的反抗。 虽然最后一项反抗在影片中尚未完成，但顺着影片的思路，这种对压迫的反抗在未来比较 消解白人黑人中的隔阂。这是因为这种反抗是非暴力的，而是以自己的觉醒，以自己的新 生获得的，是自己首先将自己放在平等的位置之上彻底清除掉奴性之后的反抗，是宽容与 寻找交流与对话的反抗(尽管偶尔也述之于暴力)。影片中的非洲对喜丽而言意义巨大， 她对先生骄傲地说:你的孩子都是狗屎和笨蛋，而我的孩子则在非洲学习不同的语言，过 着不同的生活。假如观看影片时没有遗漏这一点，那么稍加推敲之后便不难明白，喜丽骄 傲的是她的孩子没有受到“制度”/奴隶制的污染。 最后，我们可以再度重申艾莉斯?沃克认为本片是“献给人类的礼物”，理由即，为 人类压迫与被压迫之间提供了另一种反抗方式，自我自觉之后，以温和的自尊以及爱来消 解这一切，以家庭为单位，扩展到种族，再扩展到全人类。 有人可能置疑这一主题/思想是否太过于老套而不够现代进而影片本身不够艺术，那么 我的回答如下: 今天(2003年)美国最负盛名的哲学/美学家之一，理查德?罗蒂曾以哲学/美学的态 度建构出自己伦理学，他坚决否认传统的道德，强烈要求“自我扩展”“自我丰富”与“ 自我创造”生活。虽然罗蒂的审美伦理学中带有极为精英主义的审美情绪，但是也在一定 意义上能够当成这部电影的注解——代表黑人女性以及黑人的喜丽，从“自我觉醒”开始 ，完成了“自我扩展”“自我丰富”与“自我创造”，同样扬弃了道德(神学)与传统， 相比罗蒂，只不过是将精英主义的审美替换成为平民主义的对爱的寻找与发现。现代吗, 对于第二个问题，即不“艺术”的问题，恕我不予回答。斯皮尔伯格对电影语言的运 用我还没有资格批评，而电影自身的叙事，早已满足了哪怕是后现代主义的要求——统一 与复杂、互文和结构开放的多义性等(看看前文仅是开头而且极为简略的分析就够了)。 在这里我毫不顾及暴露自己欣赏水准之低劣——我从来就极为讨厌所谓的“艺术电影”。 那些为某些影评人士所津津乐道的“艺术电影”，大多数充其量拥有的仅是复杂与结构开 放的多义性，缺少统一与互文的要素，因此自然成为某些影评人士作为愚弄观众以及争取 稿酬与名头的智力游戏，也因此必然成为我眼中的垃圾，浪费时间甚至败坏电影的垃圾。 最后，请允许我再将《紫色》的叙事进行一次扩张——这里利用的是解构主义手法。 所谓解构，前文已略有提及，我在这里再简单地补充一下，作为解构主义的鼻祖，德 里达最重要的概念是“异延”，他认为所有的语言被理解的过程就是一个解释的过程，因 为语言本身是依赖于“语言系统的差异”。如此也带来了对作品的阅读解释的无限可能， 并带来了解释的边缘化倾向(即远离人们通常所理解——在解构主义里与„解释?一定意 义上对立的一个词——的主题/中心)。简言之，解构主义很容易落入智力游戏之中。 为了尽量避免下面的解构落入智力游戏的泥沼(或者不陷得太深)，我仅通过一个词 语——“紫色”来完成这一解释。 在中国五六年前吧，曾流传过一本“小资圣经”，即美国文化批评家保罗?福塞尔( Paul Fussell)的《格调》(《Class》)。那本书在美国甚有影响力，而书中对“紫色” 所属的阶级做出了归纳。 福塞尔认为，“紫色”是属于贫民阶级的颜色，经常为化纤制品，是黑人女性挚爱的 颜色(原话我不太记得了，意思是这样的)。福塞尔并为之奉劝生活中寻找格调的美国大 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame 众，穿衣服——别用紫色，那可恶俗了。我这里并不是想证明福塞尔有着种族歧视之嫌疑 ，仅仅是想指出他挖掘出紫色所承受的歧视，与之对应的自然就是黑人了。何况“紫色” 也最是接近美国黑人的肤色。(福柯所指责与反抗的话语权威，在此大肆地招展着力量。 ) 而“紫色”也是黑色向白色的渐变色系中最靠近黑色的——这种从黑色之中的渐变与 转移又隐含着什么呢,若将非洲黑人划归为黑色，白人划归为白色，那么紫色无疑从第三 个“异延”上吻合了美国黑人。那么美国黑人又是如何的恶俗并且竭力完成向白人的靠拢 与渐变, 回到电影之中来，触目皆是。而且色彩自然地呈现出其代码性质——比如白人的白色 则代表了压迫，黑人的黑色则代表了被压迫，越黑越被压迫——我们就轻易地看到了一个 被我们几乎完全忽略的细节，即“老先生”的肤色，他的肤色极接近白色。我们再进一部 考证老先生的肤色之时，完全能够与福柯式的考古历史得出相同的结论——白人对黑人身 心上的侵蚀。最后这部电影重新回到种族主义上面来——然后再度上升为全人类的问题( 解构掉肤色):差异与压迫。 当然，不可否认我的这种解构不纯粹，但我也希望解构到这里便打住——可不要走火 入魔了。 如果将紫色的简单解构与对品位/后现代综合起来，所谓品位，隐藏着贵族似的精英主 义态度，所谓后现代，则隐藏着反继承与价值混乱，那么“紫色”则完全打破了精英主义 那种日益混乱怀疑以及自以为是，将价值观还原到了“恶俗”的“贫民阶级”上来。…… 原谅我这一段讲述得极为简单，因为解构这一智力游戏，隐藏其中的无限可能会让这帖永 远完成不了。 tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars said: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on their fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame