专八人文知识：美国文学简史(九)

北京环球时代 英语专业考研MTI翻译硕士专四专八日语考研等专八人文知识:美国文学简史(九) Southern Literature I. Heritage American southern literature can date back to Edgar Allen Poe, and reach its summit with the appearance o f the two “giants” –Faulkner and Wolfe. There are southern women writers –Katherine Anne Porter, Eudora We lty, and Flannery O’Connor. II. Southern Myths –guilt, failure, poverty 1. Chevalier [w]heritage [/w]2. Agrarian virtue 3. Plantation aristocracy 4. Lost cause 5. White supremacy 6. Purity of womanhood Southern literature: twisted, pessimistic, violent, distorted Gothic novel: Poe III. William Faulkner 1. life 2. literary career: three stages (1) 1924~1929: training as a writer The Marble Faun Soldie's Pay Mosquitoes (2) 1929~1936: most productive and prolific period Sartoris The Sound and the Fury As I Lay Dying Light in August Absalom, Absalom (3) 1940~end: won recognition in America Go Down, Moses 3. point of view He generally shows a grim picture of human society where violence and cruelty are frequently included, but his later works showed more optimism. His intention was to show the evil, harsh events in contrast to such eter nal virtues as love, honour, pity, compassion, self-sacrifice, and thereby expose the faults of society. He felt that it was a writer’s duty to remind his readers constantly of true values and virtues. 4. themes (1) history and race He explains the present by examining the past, by telling the stories of several generations of family to sho w how history changes life. He was interested in the relationship between blacks and whites, especially concerne d about th e problems o f the people who were of the mixed race of black and white, unacceptable to both races. (2) Deterioration (3) Conflicts between generations, classes, races, man and environment (4) Horror, violence and the abnormal 5. style/features of his works (1) complex plot (2) stream of [w]consciousness [/w](3) multiple point of view, circular form (4) violation of chronology (5) courtroom rhetoric: formal language (6) character ization: he was able to probe into the psychology of character s (7) “anti-hero”: weak, fable, vulnerable (true people in modern society) He has a group of women writers follow ing him, including O’Connor and Eudora Welty Section 2 The 1930s Radical 1930s I. Background Great Depression (1929 “Black Thursday”) II. Literature 1. Writers of the 1920s were still writing, but they didn’t produce good works. 2. The main stream is left-oriented. III. Writers of 1930s 1. social concern and social involvement 2. revival of naturalistic tradition of Dreiser and Norris IV. John Steinbeck 1. life 2. works (1) Cup of Gold (2) Tortilla Flat (3) In Dubious Battle (4) Of Mice and Men (5) The Grapes of Wrath (6) Travels with Charley (7) Short stories: The Red Pony, The Pearl 3. point of view (1) His best writing was produced out of outrage at the injustices of the societies, and by the admirations fo r the strong spirit of the poor. (2) His theme was usually simple human virtues, such as kindness and fair treatment, which were far superi or to the dehumanizing cruelty of exploiters. 4. style (1) poetic prose (2) regional dialect (3) character ization: many types of character s rather than individuals (4) dramatic factors (5) social protect: spokesman for the poverty-stricken people 5. The Grapes of Wrath