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发动机故障灯亮

2018-08-25 20页 doc 68KB 9阅读

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发动机故障灯亮发动机故障灯亮 一、别克GL8发动机故障灯亮 故障现象:一辆行驶110000km的别克GL8,报修项目是发动机故障灯亮。接手后用诊断仪TECH2检测有故障码P1860和P1811。首先检查变速器油,无异味,油位正常;检测变速器主油路压力在正常范围之内。将故障码清除,使用诊断仪TECH2试车,行驶了30km,换挡时感受有冲击现象,但不明显。各挡位换挡时间、传动比正常,也没有发现发动机故障灯亮。做失速试验,发动机转速达到2300r,min,在正常范围内。 故障诊断:在与车主联系时了解到该车的一些情况,因车在外地办事一个多月,...
发动机故障灯亮
发动机故障灯亮 一、别克GL8发动机故障灯亮 故障现象:一辆行驶110000km的别克GL8,报修项目是发动机故障灯亮。接手后用诊断仪TECH2检测有故障码P1860和P1811。首先检查变速器油,无异味,油位正常;检测变速器主油路压力在正常范围之内。将故障码清除,使用诊断仪TECH2试车,行驶了30km,换挡时感受有冲击现象,但不明显。各挡位换挡时间、传动比正常,也没有发现发动机故障灯亮。做失速试验,发动机转速达到2300r,min,在正常范围内。 故障诊断:在与车主联系时了解到该车的一些情况,因车在外地办事一个多月,当时由于发动机故障灯亮,在维修厂检查故障码为P1860查看当时的维修单。更换过TCC电磁阀,变速器油、变速器油滤清器。过了半个月故障灯又亮,还是P1860,且又多了另一个故障码P1811。由于进厂维修使用诊断仪TECH2检测,将故障码清除后,路试也未见故障灯亮,多次捡查未能准确诊断故障原因,维修厂建议分解变速器检查,由于变速器分解检查需要时间较长而且费用较大,车主因时间关系没有处理。由于车主反映换挡冲击现象在发动机故障灯亮之前早就有了,感觉不是很严重。现在两个故障码都是变速器故障码,需不需要分解变速器检查,查不到故障原因盲目分解检查也不一定能解决问题。但从试车情况来看,变速器工作比较正常,由于对第一次处理情况(变速器油、油底壳磁铁处有无金属物等)不了解只能从车主方面和维修记录了解,但了解还是很少。该故障属于间断性故障,利用诊断仪TECH2清除过多次,但故障码又出现,证明故障是存在的。试车时故障不能重现,只能从故障码含义分析,看是否能从中领悟到解决问题的方法。 分析两个故障码,故障码P1860:液力变矩器离合器脉宽调制电磁阀电气故障。点火开关电压加到液力变矩器离合器脉宽调制电磁阀上,动力系统控制模块(PCM)控制电磁阀的反向载荷周期,液力变矩器离合器脉宽调制电磁阀调节液力变矩器离合器油压,以控制液力变矩器离合器的接通和分离。当动力系统控制模块让电磁阀断开时,动力系统控制模块将检测过高的电压;当动力系统控制模块让电磁阀接通时,将检测过低的电压。任何时候,如果动力系统控制模块检测到电压限值不符合标定要求,就会设置故障码P1860。该故障属于B类故障,故障码P1860将存储在动力系统控制模块存储器中。第一次出现故障时故障指示灯会点亮,如果变速器没有处于热态模式,动力系统控制模块会阻止液力变矩器离合器接合和进入4挡。动力系统控制模块使换挡自适应无效。 设置故障码P1860的条件:(1)系统电压是9—16V;(2)发动机转速大于500r,min达5s。(3)脉宽调制电磁阀占空比大于90%时,动力系统控制模块检测到过低的电路电压。(4)脉宽调制电磁阀占空比小于10%时,动力系统控制模块检测到过高的电路电压。(5)发动机没有处在燃油切断模式。(6)所有条件满足达5s。 故障码P1811:最大自适应和换挡时间长,属于c类故障,它不会点亮故障灯。 综合分析,造成发动机故障灯亮的原因是动力系统控制模块检测到过高或过低的电路电压。如果TCC电磁阀、线路、动力系统控制模块存在故障等均会造成故障码P1860的产生。线束线路存在故障(断路或短路)的可能性较大。 检查变速器插头至动力系统控制模块线束外无损伤,目测各插头针脚无变形。用万用表测试变速器插头T脚(棕色线)到动力系统控制模块的C2,78脚线路,摇动线束也没发现接触不良现象;将变速器跨接线束(编号为J44152)接到变速器20针插头上,用万用表测量端子E脚和T脚之间的电阻为13Ω,E和T脚对变速器外壳电阻为无穷大,都符合里标定的参数。 由于车主有急事要用车,将线束等其他装好交车主使用。几小时后,车主将车开回厂,检查发动机故障灯还是没亮。用诊断仪TECH2试车,进入数据清单—变速器数据清单—变速器数据。利用选项功能将TCC释放压力、TCC载荷周期断路,对地短路、TCC占空比对电压短路三项选在一起;显示在TECH2上部以便观察。在试车过程中偶尔(二次)发现TCC载荷周期断路,对地短路这一项由“否”变为“是”,时间很短,其他二项没有变化。特别是“TCC占空比对电压短路”这一项中如果线路有短路, measuring range of 1.5~2 times the maximum test pressure, essential ... Table 3-1 equipment based and location of allows deviation serial number project allows deviation mm 1 coordinates location (aspect axis) ? 20 2 different plane of elevation-20 3 shape size ? 20 4 convex stage plane shape size-20 5 concave points size +20 6 plane level (including to ping Shang need installation equipment of part each meters 5 full length 10 7 vertical degrees each meters 5 full length 10 8 reserved anchor bolt hole Center location ? 10 Depth of wall thickness of +20 10 9 vertical elevation of pre-embedded anchoring bolts (top) +20 Centre distance ? 2 3.5 Horn group Horn install location and quantity, the following requirements: 3.5.1 General on either side of the anchor bolt should be placed under a set of horns, and as close as possible to the bolt. The local bolt spacing is less than 300mm, and can be placed on the anchor bolts with side a set of horns, the spacing between two adjacent set of horns is generally 500mm around, should be based on loads distribution and structure of the base. Each group pad iron of location should according to equipment load by Xia type determine: a, ? Cx (Q1+Q2) x104/R A--pad iron area (mm2) Q1--due to equipment, of weight added in pad iron group Shang of load (n) Q2--due to anchor bolt twist tight by distribution in the pad iron group Shang of pressure (n), desirable bolt of Xu anti-stress R--based or to ping of units area compressive strength (MPa), desirable concrete design strength C--safety, should be take 1.5~3 a, value calculation out Hou, Can be selected according to the data in the table 3-2. Table tilting pad Teppei 3-2 Horn area cm2 code l a l b material material code a b c helical-1100 1100 50 ? 5 4 ordinary carbon steel 50 ordinary carbon steel 50 oblique 2,120 60 ? 5 6 draw oblique All filled up. 3.7.2.3 second Grouting should be located outside the template, templates are removed, the surface should be flat, and surface treatment. 3.8 the installation quality of the installed pump pump equipment, is very important to the stable 在TECH2显示屏上会由“否”变为“是”所以判断线路还是存在断路现象,正是动力系统控制模块控制电磁阀的反向载荷周期。当线路中有断路时,根据设置故障码P1860的条件之一:条件满足达5s。动力系统控制模块检测到断路将设置故障码P1860。如果检测故障条件不能满足将不设置故障码。从前面的检查和线路图来分析,只有变速器内线束(动态)和动力系统控制模块还没检查,考虑到动力系统控制模块发生故障的概率是很低的,暂不考虑。与TCC电磁阀连接的有两条线,一条是红线(E脚)。为保险丝点火1号供电(变速驱动桥1OA),同时也是1—2换挡电磁阀、2-3换挡电磁阀的供电线,如果供 —2和2-3挡换挡电磁阀工作并设置相应的故障码;另一条是棕黄色线(T脚)。电线有故障,会影响到1 单独与TCC电磁阀连接。因变速器线束(红线和棕黄色是其中两条)装在变速器侧盖里;需拆开侧盖才能检查到。将分析的结果告诉车主,变速器内线束或电磁阀存在接触不良现象的可能性较大需拆开侧盖才能检查到。征得车主同意,卸下变速器油底壳,检查油底壳未发现金属物,在磁铁处有很少部分金属粉末,可能是上次更换变速器时已清洁过,卸下变速器侧盖。检查变速器线束,线束固定很好。TCC电磁阀插头连接良好,将变速器线束整条拆下,用维修包的维修插针连接插头的T脚(棕黄色线)和TCC电磁阀脚,与数字万用表的红黑线表针连接。将万用表挡位调至二极管挡,一边慢慢的摇动线束,一边听万用表滴滴声,当用力摇到变速器插头靠近T脚处时,滴滴声时断时响,重复几次都是同样,证明在插头处有线路接触不良现象,把线束里的胶套撬开检查,发现线与T脚插针大部分已脱焊,由于胶套作用,线与T脚插针还是连在一起。稍微用力,线与T脚插针就脱开了。考虑变速器曾存在P1811故障码,曾处理过多例出现P1811故障码的车辆,更换压力控制电磁阀(Pc)、1—2和2-3挡换挡电磁阀均能排除此故障。建议车主更换变速器内线束和压力控制电磁阀(Pc)、1—2和2-3挡换挡电磁阀。在完成更换工作后,使用诊断仪TECH2对变速器的TAP参数进行重新设定。分别在一个月、三个月后电话回访车主,车主反映车辆使用正常,十分满意。 故障总结:由于该故障属于间断性故障,给维修时检查、确诊故障带来难处,如果没有确诊,盲目地分解变速器也不一定能解决问题。变速器内线束发生故障概率是很低的,在多年的工作中很少处理变速器内线束故障。这需要我们在工作中不断地学习理论知识,积累工作经验。正确使用诊断工具,认真对与故障有关联的原因进行分析,捕捉每一条有用的信息,这样才能使我们不断地进步。 二、高压线不良引起发动机故障灯亮两例 汽车的高压线工作环境较恶劣。长期工作在20000V左右的高压情况下,高压线的绝缘层较容易被击穿或老化,而仅仅从外观和用万用表测量的方法是难以确认是否损坏。在发动机电喷系统上,还会发生因高压线漏电引起发动机故障灯亮的情况,因控制单元自诊系统一般不会对高压线作出故障码指示,在出现类似问题时都比较难以查找。下面两例是因高压线故障引起故障灯亮的维修案例。 例一、一辆雪佛兰(3.1L)子弹头汽车,行驶时偶尔会出现发动机故障灯亮的现象。故障灯亮起后,如果重新熄火,再启动故障灯熄灭。在行驶过程中又偶尔会亮。 故障诊断:该车来厂后,首先用诊断仪调取故障码。故障码显示为凸轮轴传感器故障。首先对凸轮轴传感器进行检查,该车凸轮轴传感器为霍尔效应式,检查凸轮轴传感器的间隙以及线路接触情况并无异常现象出现。而根据实际维修经验判断此类传感器本身也是很难损坏的。于是又对该传感器的线路进行检查,该传感器有三相线,一根为12V电源线,一根为搭铁线,一根为传感器产生信号并输出到控制单元的信号线。电源线和搭铁线正常。从发动机控制单元插座上找到传感器输出的信号线,用示波器测量有规则的脉冲信号输出,也就是说从以上检查,基本可以判断凸轮轴传感器及其线路是正常的。于是怀疑发动机控制单元本身有问题,由于控制单元价格较高,末确定之前不敢轻易更换(当时找不到同类车型进行换件测试)。根据行驶时产生的故障现象。笔者判断故障点应不是在故障码显示范围之内,可能是产生的一个误码,由于电喷系统中点火系统的问题最容易产生此种情况。于是重点检查火花塞、点火线圈、高压线、点火系统线路,也未发现任何问题。至此,维修陷入僵局。由于该车故障码出现时要反复试车,在晚上,光线很暗的时候再次启动发动机时,无意中发现着车时高压线对发动机机体上存在漏电(有火花跳火)情况。在征求客户同意后,决定先更换一组高压线,试车故障排除。交车后,过一段时间对客户进行电话回访,客户反映再无上述故障现象出现。 measuring range of 1.5~2 times the maximum test pressure, essential ... Table 3-1 equipment based and location of allows deviation serial number project allows deviation mm 1 coordinates location (aspect axis) ? 20 2 different plane of elevation-20 3 shape size ? 20 4 convex stage plane shape size-20 5 concave points size +20 6 plane level (including to ping Shang need installation equipment of part each meters 5 full length 10 7 vertical degrees each meters 5 full length 10 8 reserved anchor bolt hole Center location ? 10 Depth of wall thickness of +20 10 9 vertical elevation of pre-embedded anchoring bolts (top) +20 Centre distance ? 2 3.5 Horn group Horn install location and quantity, the following requirements: 3.5.1 General on either side of the anchor bolt should be placed under a set of horns, and as close as possible to the bolt. The local bolt spacing is less than 300mm, and can be placed on the anchor bolts with side a set of horns, the spacing between two adjacent set of horns is generally 500mm around, should be based on loads distribution and structure of the base. Each group pad iron of location should according to equipment load by Xia type determine: a, ? Cx (Q1+Q2) x104/R A--pad iron area (mm2) Q1--due to equipment, of weight added in pad iron group Shang of load (n) Q2--due to anchor bolt twist tight by distribution in the pad iron group Shang of pressure (n), desirable bolt of Xu anti-stress R--based or to ping of units area compressive strength (MPa), desirable concrete design strength C--safety, should be take 1.5~3 a, value calculation out Hou, Can be selected according to the data in the table 3-2. Table tilting pad Teppei 3-2 Horn area cm2 code l a l b material material code a b c helical-1100 1100 50 ? 5 4 ordinary carbon steel 50 ordinary carbon steel 50 oblique 2,120 60 ? 5 6 draw oblique All filled up. 3.7.2.3 second Grouting should be located outside the template, templates are removed, the surface should be flat, and surface treatment. 3.8 the installation quality of the installed pump pump equipment, is very important to the stable 例二、一辆雅酷轿车,在行驶时发动机故障灯偶尔会亮起。熄火后再启动,故障灯熄灭。行驶一段时间后,故障灯又偶尔会亮。 故障诊断:该车来厂后首先调取故障码。诊断仪显示有6个故障码,如节气门位置传感器、进气压力传感器、水温传感器等。根据经验判断,同时出现这么多故障码要么是发动机控制单元损坏,要么就是点火的高压系统有故障。检查该车的点火系统,发现该车改装了一套加强型高压线,于是怀疑高压线引起故障。更换一组原车的高压线,消除故障码后试车。再末发生上述现象,故障排除。 故障总结:故障灯偶尔亮起,或时亮时不亮这种故障,在实际维修过程中都有一定的难度,除了接触不良等一些故障现象外,高压线不良引起发动机故障灯亮的现象也应引起重视。有时修理人员以测量高压线电阻阻值来判断高压线是否损坏,但有些电阻值正常但绝缘能力差的高压线在使用时就有可能引起漏电情况,如上述两例中的高压线阻值测量都在正常的范围之内。例一中,引起故障灯亮的原因应该是由于漏电,引起控制单元误判为凸轮轴传感器故障(凸轮轴信号与点火信号有关);而例二则是由于高压线漏电,导致干扰到其他信号输入,以至于引起控制单元乱码或者多码的情况。 三、一辆大宇赛手轿车,发动机故障灯常亮 故障现象:一辆大宇赛手轿车,发动机故障灯常亮。且当加装的喇叭工作状态下响时,发动机故障灯就亮。 故障排除:经读取故障码得知是氧传感器信号失准。起初没想到是喇叭干扰。更换了氧传感器,后将加装的喇叭移到防火墙后故障排除。 由于车主加装喇叭离氧传感器太近且功率比原来的大很多,当喇叭工作时干扰了氧传感器的信号传输,导致故障发生。因为氧传感器输出电压在0.1—0.9V之间,在工作时每10秒钟内要有不少于8次的电压变化的时域值范围,且有0.1,0.9v的值域范围,一旦有较强的电磁干扰就会导致信号失准,这样发动机控制模块就通过时域值范围和值域范围未判别决定,是否让发动机故障灯报警。 故障总结:凡具有电感、电容性质的各种负载,其中也包括空调压缩机的电磁离合器,在工作切换时都会产生高频振荡电磁波。 因此防止电磁波干扰的措施也应作为我们维修人员所需了解的知识,尤其是有些车主需加装喇叭等大功率电器元件时,一定要考虑到其对发动机电控系统低电压传感器的干扰问题。 防止电磁波干扰主要采用阻尼、滤波、屏蔽、搭铁等四项常见措施。如点火系统中火花塞中心电极加入了3—5kΩ阻尼碳棒,高压线芯也应有一定电阻,在许多电感电路中多采用电感元件并联一个电容器或保护二极管的方法,削弱了高频振荡电磁波的产生,在发动机许多传感器的安装位置都经过师的精心考虑。尤其是输出电压小于1v的传感器。 具体的屏蔽措施,可以用金属罩遮盖传感器或将导线用金属丝缠绕。如点火高压线终端的金属罩(桑塔纳系列)、收音机的引入线及弱电传感器信号导线(氧传感器、爆震传感器、ABS系统的轮速传感器)。 综上所述在对汽车有关电器的故障进行分析排除时,不仅对电器本身要有所注重。对我们看不见的电磁波也应引起一定的重视。否则往往有些简单的故障变得复杂,其实是我们想到没想到而已,而不是我们会不会的问题。 四、丰田皇冠3.0L,发动机故障灯亮 故障现象:故障诊断接车后,先短接发动机室中诊断连接器TEl和E1端子,从发动机故障灯闪码,读取到55号故障码,其内容为2号爆震传感器故障。消除故障码后试车,故障重现,依然是55号故障码。因此怀疑爆震传感器坏了,在发动机运转中对其电压进行测量有小于0.5v的正常电压,但偶尔会突然增大到0.9v或减小到0.2v的现象,说明爆震传感器有故障。再测量屏蔽线发现已断路,接通后故障排除。交车时询问驾驶员得知,车在前段时间修理过缸盖总成。笔者据此推测估计是在维修作业中不小心将爆震传感器连线弄断,虽然把导线处理了但对其屏蔽线(在排气歧管下方有搭铁点)末作处理。因为爆震传感器属于一种低电压传感器,易受外界电磁波干扰,当产生干扰电磁波后报警。 measuring range of 1.5~2 times the maximum test pressure, essential ... Table 3-1 equipment based and location of allows deviation serial number project allows deviation mm 1 coordinates location (aspect axis) ? 20 2 different plane of elevation-20 3 shape size ? 20 4 convex stage plane shape size-20 5 concave points size +20 6 plane level (including to ping Shang need installation equipment of part each meters 5 full length 10 7 vertical degrees each meters 5 full length 10 8 reserved anchor bolt hole Center location ? 10 Depth of wall thickness of +20 10 9 vertical elevation of pre-embedded anchoring bolts (top) +20 Centre distance ? 2 3.5 Horn group Horn install location and quantity, the following requirements: 3.5.1 General on either side of the anchor bolt should be placed under a set of horns, and as close as possible to the bolt. The local bolt spacing is less than 300mm, and can be placed on the anchor bolts with side a set of horns, the spacing between two adjacent set of horns is generally 500mm around, should be based on loads distribution and structure of the base. Each group pad iron of location should according to equipment load by Xia type determine: a, ? Cx (Q1+Q2) x104/R A--pad iron area (mm2) Q1--due to equipment, of weight added in pad iron group Shang of load (n) Q2--due to anchor bolt twist tight by distribution in the pad iron group Shang of pressure (n), desirable bolt of Xu anti-stress R--based or to ping of units area compressive strength (MPa), desirable concrete design strength C--safety, should be take 1.5~3 a, value calculation out Hou, Can be selected according to the data in the table 3-2. Table tilting pad Teppei 3-2 Horn area cm2 code l a l b material material code a b c helical-1100 1100 50 ? 5 4 ordinary carbon steel 50 ordinary carbon steel 50 oblique 2,120 60 ? 5 6 draw oblique All filled up. 3.7.2.3 second Grouting should be located outside the template, templates are removed, the surface should be flat, and surface treatment. 3.8 the installation quality of the installed pump pump equipment, is very important to the stable 故障排除:使2号爆震传感器屏蔽线搭铁后,故障排除。 故障总结:对上述故障进行分析,在点火系统的高压电路中,由于承受的工作电压最高可达10kV以上(而电喷发动机的点火系统高压电路电压可达35kV),但电流很小。为了减小高压辐射能量,多采用高阻尼点火高压线,点火高压线线芯多用玻璃纤维浸渍石墨或浸炭粉,外包橡胶体制成的。或采用玻璃纤维线芯,外面螺旋缠绕0.lmm直径的镍、铬、铝等合金线,外罩用橡胶绝缘体制成,成为具有电感、电容、电阻的复合体,相当于一个电抗整流元件的“滤波器”,其抑制效果比集中型的电阻阻尼效果好。用来削弱和抑制电磁产生的高频振荡,阻尼值越大阻尼效果越好,但过大会影响火花塞电极间的火花能量,故其阻值多在3—10kΩ。而化油器发动机点火高压线电阻值多在0.6—7.4kΩ之间。 由于高压线电阻为0,故在点火系统工作时会产生高频电磁振荡。另外,机油压力低压开关导线距离分电器很近。当加速或转向时,由于点火系统高压部分的电磁振荡使机油压力低压开关导线产生电流,从而导致机油压力报警灯忽亮忽灭。且由于2号爆震传感器屏蔽线断路,当有电磁干扰时,在2号爆震传感器的屏蔽线上产生的弱电信号不能消除,使爆震传感器上输出不正常信号导致报警。 专家点评:通过以上两例故障,对电磁波的干扰与防治总结出以下几点: 1.干扰电磁波主要来自点火系统,因为点火系统是由电感(L)、电阻(R)、电容(c)组成的振荡电路。 点火区:产生高压电火花塞间隙被击穿,电压高达10kV以上(电喷发动机点火电压高达35kV)。燃烧区火花塞放电,混合气燃烧,点火电压随之下降。 振荡区:点火线圈的残余能量以阻尼振荡的形式消耗。 闭合区:点火电路闭合后,初级线圈产生自感电动势,使次级线圈产生振荡。在点火系统中,尤其是火花塞产生的电火花形成陡峭的冲击电压,激励了其附属电路振荡,并由其导线辐射到周围。当发动机转速为3000r,min时,一个火花塞lmin跳火1500次,1s跳火达25次,极易引起高频放电干扰。缸体本身是个屏蔽体对放电干扰有一定的抑制作用。 2.干扰电磁波另一个来源是交流发电机,交流发电机及其激磁电流输入采用碳刷和滑环。旋转的瞬间接触状态稍有改变也会产生干扰电磁波。在上例的故障排除后,用一个数字式万用表在发动机加速的状态下,测量蓄电池电压时,专门把万用表放在发电机上方来回移动,结果万用表数字显示变化频繁。不能正确指示蓄电池电压。从电磁原理亦可解释为什么在维修发动机时,不允许在发动机工作状态下,断开电器负载。因为这样往往会导致蓄电池端电压瞬时升高有的可达100V以上,虽持续时间较短但对敏感电气元件会导致损坏。从理论上分析蓄电池不仅向用电设备供电,而且还是全车电路的一个反向电压缓冲器。 3.喇叭及其触点高速开闭的干扰,喇叭及其继电器的触点在工作中不断地高速开闭,工作电流较大,可达10—20A,在高速状态下,电路中产生高频振荡,也形成较强的电磁波辐射,振荡峰值电压较高。笔者曾经在维修作业中遇到过由干加装大功率喇叭,过于靠近车轮,导致喇叭工作时,ABS系统报警的故障。其原因是由于电磁干扰对转速传感器的影响。在寻找这类故障时往往会导致维修人员迷惑,只有总结出按下喇叭时会报警的规律才能明白其中的原因。 五、报警灯忽亮忽灭 车型:1999款桑塔纳轿车。 故障现象:车辆在急加速或拐弯行驶时发动机机油压力报警灯忽亮忽灭。 故障诊断:据车主讲,该车已经过多家修理厂检修,未能解决该故障,期间更换过仪表总成、机油高低压力开关。并清洗过发动机润滑系油道,只剩下机油泵没有更换,接车后笔者试车发现,故障正如车主所言。 根据该发动机机油压力报警原理可知,当启动发动机时,机油压力大于180kPa时,仪表中的机油压力报警灯即自动熄灭。当发动机在低速运转机油压力低于90kPa时机油压力报警灯即亮。当发动机转速超过2150r,min时,如果机油压力达不到180kPa则高压开关触点断开,机油压力报警灯闪亮且警报蜂鸣器也开始报警,发动机正常的工作机油压力(80?时)在发动机转速为800r/min时应大于90kPa,在发动机转速超过2000r/min时应大于200kPa。经笔者用机油压力表测试,正在运转的发动机 measuring range of 1.5~2 times the maximum test pressure, essential ... Table 3-1 equipment based and location of allows deviation serial number project allows deviation mm 1 coordinates location (aspect axis) ? 20 2 different plane of elevation-20 3 shape size ? 20 4 convex stage plane shape size-20 5 concave points size +20 6 plane level (including to ping Shang need installation equipment of part each meters 5 full length 10 7 vertical degrees each meters 5 full length 10 8 reserved anchor bolt hole Center location ? 10 Depth of wall thickness of +20 10 9 vertical elevation of pre-embedded anchoring bolts (top) +20 Centre distance ? 2 3.5 Horn group Horn install location and quantity, the following requirements: 3.5.1 General on either side of the anchor bolt should be placed under a set of horns, and as close as possible to the bolt. The local bolt spacing is less than 300mm, and can be placed on the anchor bolts with side a set of horns, the spacing between two adjacent set of horns is generally 500mm around, should be based on loads distribution and structure of the base. Each group pad iron of location should according to equipment load by Xia type determine: a, ? Cx (Q1+Q2) x104/R A--pad iron area (mm2) Q1--due to equipment, of weight added in pad iron group Shang of load (n) Q2--due to anchor bolt twist tight by distribution in the pad iron group Shang of pressure (n), desirable bolt of Xu anti-stress R--based or to ping of units area compressive strength (MPa), desirable concrete design strength C--safety, should be take 1.5~3 a, value calculation out Hou, Can be selected according to the data in the table 3-2. Table tilting pad Teppei 3-2 Horn area cm2 code l a l b material material code a b c helical-1100 1100 50 ? 5 4 ordinary carbon steel 50 ordinary carbon steel 50 oblique 2,120 60 ? 5 6 draw oblique All filled up. 3.7.2.3 second Grouting should be located outside the template, templates are removed, the surface should be flat, and surface treatment. 3.8 the installation quality of the installed pump pump equipment, is very important to the stable 高压开关处压力达到210kPa,怠速时低压开关处压力达到96kPa。这一系列数据说明发动机机油压力达到工作要求。另外,由于该发动机自从故障现象出现一直运转良好,如果压力达不到或机油粘度不够。液力挺杆就会有噪声发出,而该发动机在各工况下运转平稳有力并无异常,所以可以排除由于机油压力达不到或油道脏堵造成故障的可能性。既然仪表已经多次更换,故其发生故障的可能也先不作考虑! 从已检查的内容及根据故障现象分析判断,故障多发生在机油压力开关到仪表总成电路上。启动发 min左右查找线路是否有无明显破损的地方。在检查从低压开关到防火墙动机把转速稳定在3000r, 的一段时发现故障现象频繁出现,尤其是往上拉动靠近低压开关处的导线时报警灯忽闪忽灭的频率加快。但是仔细检查该导线并无破损的地方,在拉动靠近分电器总成处的导线时,机油压力报警灯忽闪忽灭频率加快。这时才明白了故障原因:由于点火系统的电磁波干扰影响,机油压力报警灯才会发生忽闪忽灭的现象。根据电磁基本原理,当有导体通过磁场时,导体中便有电流产生。这就可以解释为什么该车有如此奇怪的故障!那为什么其他车没有出现类似故障呢,拆下点火高压线及中央高压线测其电阻值,发现全部为0Ω,而高压线印制的电阻标准值全为5kΩ,故障检查到此,原因便水落石出。 故障排除:更换一组该车专用的标准点火高压线圈。试车,故障排除。 六、2000款广州本田发动机故障灯常亮 故障现象:车主反映,早上行驶时车辆没什么问题。行驶几小时后发动机故障灯就亮了,近几周此现象比较频繁。 故障分析:该车故障灯常亮,应首先检查故障码,然后再根据故障码进行相关的检查,注意,除了检查相关的线路及传感器本身外,还有与传感器相关的机械部分的检查。再对ECU电脑线路及自身进行检查,最后要对引起电磁干扰的部件进行检查,如高压线和发电机等。 故障诊断流程: measuring range of 1.5~2 times the maximum test pressure, essential ... Table 3-1 equipment based and location of allows deviation serial number project allows deviation mm 1 coordinates location (aspect axis) ? 20 2 different plane of elevation-20 3 shape size ? 20 4 convex stage plane shape size-20 5 concave points size +20 6 plane level (including to ping Shang need installation equipment of part each meters 5 full length 10 7 vertical degrees each meters 5 full length 10 8 reserved anchor bolt hole Center location ? 10 Depth of wall thickness of +20 10 9 vertical elevation of pre-embedded anchoring bolts (top) +20 Centre distance ? 2 3.5 Horn group Horn install location and quantity, the following requirements: 3.5.1 General on either side of the anchor bolt should be placed under a set of horns, and as close as possible to the bolt. The local bolt spacing is less than 300mm, and can be placed on the anchor bolts with side a set of horns, the spacing between two adjacent set of horns is generally 500mm around, should be based on loads distribution and structure of the base. Each group pad iron of location should according to equipment load by Xia type determine: a, ? Cx (Q1+Q2) x104/R A--pad iron area (mm2) Q1--due to equipment, of weight added in pad iron group Shang of load (n) Q2--due to anchor bolt twist tight by distribution in the pad iron group Shang of pressure (n), desirable bolt of Xu anti-stress R--based or to ping of units area compressive strength (MPa), desirable concrete design strength C--safety, should be take 1.5~3 a, value calculation out Hou, Can be selected according to the data in the table 3-2. Table tilting pad Teppei 3-2 Horn area cm2 code l a l b material material code a b c helical-1100 1100 50 ? 5 4 ordinary carbon steel 50 ordinary carbon steel 50 oblique 2,120 60 ? 5 6 draw oblique All filled up. 3.7.2.3 second Grouting should be located outside the template, templates are removed, the surface should be flat, and surface treatment. 3.8 the installation quality of the installed pump pump equipment, is very important to the stable 故障排除:试车发现,冷车时一切正常,怠速热机后也无问题。行驶1—2h发动机故障灯亮,停车,再启动发动机过一会儿故障灯又亮了。用HDS诊断仪检测故障码为9号码(1号汽缸位置(CYP)传感器短路、断路故障)。CYP传感器检测1号汽缸的位置以电压方式传送给控制模块,控制模块指示按顺序为各个汽缸喷射燃油。CYP传感器内置于分电器。1.先用HDS诊断仪对车辆控制模块重新设置再调故障码,无码,重新试车,故障灯亮,故障码为9号码。2.检查高压线及CYP传感器电阻, Ω。3.电阻在正常范围(清理端子锈蚀点,点火高压线的阻值小于25kΩ。CYP传感器电阻800—1500测量分电器、控制模块电源电压及搭铁情况,正常。4.测量分电器至控制模块之间的线路导通情况,正常。 考虑更换控制模块,但费用太高及此车冷车一切正常,控制模块损坏的可能性较小。先把高压线、分电器、火花塞一起与一辆事故车的配件调换,再试车,2h后发动机故障灯又亮了。回厂后再拆事故车的控制模块更换,试车后故障灯还是亮。经过一天的维修,实在找不出维修的办法。 重新整理思路,此车冷车一切正常,热车后发动机故障灯亮,相关线路已全部检查(相关电器元件工作正常,是否是温度传感器引起控制模块故障呢,用HDS诊断仪重新检测数据流。未发现有异常情况。检查水温传感器、进气温度传感器以及相关的插接件,一切正常。在一切都用原车的配件后重新试车,在故障灯亮时发现除发动机有轻微抖动外。无其他异常情况,再加速感觉轻微不顺,也就是说此车除了发动机故障灯亮外没有其他相关异常情况出现,这也证明了分电器的CYP传感器是正常的,而发动机控制模块总成因为已经互换,也可以证明是好的。这只有一个可能,那就是其他相关零部件影响了CYP传感器的正常工作,且控制模块接收到不正常信息,使它做出错误故障判断储存9号故障码。 当时更换高压线、火花塞也是考虑到工作时会产生干扰电磁波,再想轿车中产生电磁波干扰源较多,比如喇叭、发电机等,但检查喇叭正常,而且试车时根本就没使用喇叭,这就可以排除喇叭;检查发电机在启动后的发电量13.86V,打开所有的用电器电压12.10V。偶尔为11.86V,检查蓄电池电压12.56V。都在正常范围。为了安全起见,再次试车,等到故障灯亮时再熄火,再启动发动机并加速致使发动机故障灯又亮了。再熄火并启动发动机。不加速故障灯也亮了。既然怀疑发电机有故障就先让发电机不工作,再启动车辆,发动机故障灯不亮了。行驶一段路再停下使发电机工作,启动后发动机故障灯又亮了,问题找到。使用事故车发电机,更换后试车。发动机故障灯一直未亮,证明发电机有故障。拆检发电机发现发电机被维修过,已更换过发电机轴承及碳刷,因在操作时损坏安装轴承位置,碳刷磨损不均造成长时间工作后产生电磁波干扰。 故障总结:通过这个案例的维修使自己对电磁波干扰有了比较清晰的了解。交流发电机其激磁电流输入通过采用碳刷与滑环相接触。旋转的瞬间如有跳动不平等,都可能产生强电磁波,影响电器正常工作。 measuring range of 1.5~2 times the maximum test pressure, essential ... Table 3-1 equipment based and location of allows deviation serial number project allows deviation mm 1 coordinates location (aspect axis) ? 20 2 different plane of elevation-20 3 shape size ? 20 4 convex stage plane shape size-20 5 concave points size +20 6 plane level (including to ping Shang need installation equipment of part each meters 5 full length 10 7 vertical degrees each meters 5 full length 10 8 reserved anchor bolt hole Center location ? 10 Depth of wall thickness of +20 10 9 vertical elevation of pre-embedded anchoring bolts (top) +20 Centre distance ? 2 3.5 Horn group Horn install location and quantity, the following requirements: 3.5.1 General on either side of the anchor bolt should be placed under a set of horns, and as close as possible to the bolt. The local bolt spacing is less than 300mm, and can be placed on the anchor bolts with side a set of horns, the spacing between two adjacent set of horns is generally 500mm around, should be based on loads distribution and structure of the base. Each group pad iron of location should according to equipment load by Xia type determine: a, ? Cx (Q1+Q2) x104/R A--pad iron area (mm2) Q1--due to equipment, of weight added in pad iron group Shang of load (n) Q2--due to anchor bolt twist tight by distribution in the pad iron group Shang of pressure (n), desirable bolt of Xu anti-stress R--based or to ping of units area compressive strength (MPa), desirable concrete design strength C--safety, should be take 1.5~3 a, value calculation out Hou, Can be selected according to the data in the table 3-2. Table tilting pad Teppei 3-2 Horn area cm2 code l a l b material material code a b c helical-1100 1100 50 ? 5 4 ordinary carbon steel 50 ordinary carbon steel 50 oblique 2,120 60 ? 5 6 draw oblique All filled up. 3.7.2.3 second Grouting should be located outside the template, templates are removed, the surface should be flat, and surface treatment. 3.8 the installation quality of the installed pump pump equipment, is very important to the stable
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