0805 阅读 sat 真题

0805 阅读 sat 真题 (A) personal anecdote (B) direct quotation 0805短双响尾蛇 (C) figurative language (D) explicit comparison Passage 1 (E) historical citation Kneeling motionless on the ground. I watched as a husky eastern diamondback rattlesnake slid from my 3. In line 22, “carried” most nearly means 5-gallon can into winter home, a dark gopher tortoise burrow. "See you soon," I whispered, expecting to (A) supported recapture this and eight other rattlesnakes I had (B) transmitted recently caught, marked and released in the open pine (C) extended forests of northern Florida. When I began my research, (D) expressed I was amazed at the dearth of scientific information on (E) bore eastern diamond hacks. I have subsequently filled in many details of the life history of the species. I have 4. Unlike the author of Passage 1, the author of discovered that this creature, long despised by people, Passage 2 acknowledges that is highly evolved, incredibly complex, and surprisingly gentle. (A) scientists have long studied rattlesnakes (B) many people have had a great appreciation for Passage 2 rattlesnakes Rattlesnake have long held a mingled dread and (C) rattlesnakes are extremely difficult to track and fascination for Americans. In the Eastern part of the study United States many American Indian tribes venerated (D) scientific studies of rattlesnakes are prevalent in them, referring to rattlesnakes as "Grandfather" and the Eastern United States treating them with respect. The Colonists did not (E) Americans fear rattlesnakes more than any other follow suit. The "belled viper" was one of the more type of snake sensational finds in the New World, and almost everyone agreed that the serpents were unspeakably evil, and should be killed on sight. Benjamin Franklin called rattlesnakes "Felons... from the Beginning of the World." but several Revolutionary War flags carried rattlers, including the famous Gadsden flag with its "Don't Tread on Me" warning to Great Britain. 1. Compared to Passage 1, Passage 2 is more concerned with (A) advocating change (B) providing historical perspective (C)identifying similarities between cultures (D) pointing out potential dangers (E) judging the accuracy of certain views 2. Unlike Passage 2, Passage 1 makes use of come to an end: researchers from several countries 0805长单V湖 have started lobbying their governments for a multimillion dollar， long-term effort to fathom The following passage, adapted from an article Vostok's depths. If the multinational teams of scientists published in 2000, focuses on a prehistoric lake that get their way, the exploration of Lake Vostok --- exists deep beneath the American ice cap. In 2006, the perhaps the most ambitious and complex scientific drilling project mentioned in the passage was resumed. undertaking Antarctica has yet seen --- could begin in less man five years. New bases will be built, some To imagine Lake Vostok, you must first envision a temporary, some permanent; new logistical great lake in a living landscape, a week's walk from infrastructures will be created to serve them; fleets of end to end, too wide to see across from the highest aircraft will transport thousands of gallons of fuel oil. hills on its flanks. Now simplify. Erase the surrounding (It takes a hellish amount of energy to get through 2 5 woods and fields; hide the encircling hills. Remove the mile of ice) Tele-operated and autonomous deep-diving changing seasons and the replenishing rain. Shut nut robot will bunch themselves from the boreholes into the sky. Leave only the waters, the minerals, the the great lake's waters, and then sink through the muddy depths. Thou trap, squeeze, and estrange them blackness in the silent ooze below, Long-dark Vostok from everything that lives and dies, from your creation will be pried open for inspection --- a process that, emerges a simple world that hungers for more. however carefully undertaken, runs the risk of changing the lake forever and destroying what has To scientists, Lake Vostok, beneath 2.5 miles of made it unique. solid ice, is unbearably attractive. If it ever had a direct link with the air above it, that connection ended some Why take that chance? Some believe Vostok millions of years ago. Its sediments contain a unique should he left alone because exploration might record of Antarctica's climate that could revolutionize permanently damage its pristine ecosystem. But the science of the frozen continent. There could he proponents of drilling believe Vostok could provide prehistoric life in its waters, an indigenous ecosystem new insights into young Earth's spectacular ecological surviving with few resources—no sunlight, the tiniest crises, during which the whole planet was frozen solid, of fresh-food inputs— and spurring adaptations never its oceans reduced to the very brink of lifelessness. seen before. Were Lake Vostok open to the rest of the And it could illuminate the possibilities of life farther world, its faint records and fragile life-forms would off—in a vast ocean on Europa, Jupiter's fourth-largest have been overwritten long ago. moon, 483 million miles from the Sun and, along with Mars, the most likely prospect for evidence of life Vostok's existence was unknown until 30 years beyond Earth. Isolated from light, warmed only from ago, when radar and seismographs allowed scientists to below, starved of nutrients, the life-forms of Vostok piece together a map. The first hints of water under the could teach scientists how life might persist in ice were detected in the 1970s; much later, in the early Europa's frigid climate, where temperatures average 1990s, satellites and dam from earlier seismic surveys minus 250 degrees Fahrenheit. It would certainty show revealed Lake Vostok's full extent, In 1995, a borehole them how to look for it there: exploring Vostok would was drilled from Russia's Vostok station quite by be the nearest thing to a space mission without leaving chance. King before anyone suspected something the planet. important might be below. The borehole came within 400 feet of entering the lake, but drillers stopped short 1. The primary purpose of the passage is to of breaking through to the waters beneath. (A) encourage further exploration of Antarctica Soon, however, millions of years of isolation may (B) describe how an Antarctic lake was discovered (C) examine theories about the possibility of life 5. in context, the comment in lines 34-35 (“Soon beyond Earth end”)serves to (D) discuss the significance and the fragility of an Antarctic lake (A) challenge a past approach (E) compare life forms on Earth to those on Jupiter's (B) shift the focus of the discussion moon Europa (C) substantiate the previous claim (D) provide a brief aside 2. The opening sentence of the passage (lines 1-3) (E) qualify a complex position emphasizes Lake Vostok's 6. The author most likely includes the list in lines 41 (A) isolation (“New ... below”) m order to (B) vastness (C) beauty (A) emphasize the enormity of a proposed undertaking (D) diversity (B) highlight the cost of doing scientific research (E) depth (C) point out the importance of robots in certain experiments 3. In line 9, “simple'' (D) convey the scientists' excitement about a new development (A) naive (E) indicate the difficulty of successfully complains a (B) demure project (C)fundamental (D) common 7. The-author's attitude in lines 49-52 (“Long-dark …. (E) unconditional unique”) is best described as one of 4. In lines 14-19 (“Its sediments ... before”), the author (A) restraint does which of the following? (B) ambivalence (C) concern (A) Speculates about a possibility. (D) bewilderment (B) Describes an actual place. (E) outrage (C) Cites a known authority. (D) Discusses an important experiment. 8. In the final paragraph, the author indicates all of the (E) Questions a new hypothesis. following EXCEPT: 5. From the point of view of those who wish to keep (A) Studying Vostok may provide information about Lake Vostok pristine, the outcome of the incident the possibility of life beyond Earth. described in lines 31-33 (“The borehole ... beneath”) (B) Exploring Vostok would be a way of learning how was to explore certain celestial bodies. (C) Understanding Vostok could help shed light oil (A) foreseeable Earth's early planetary development. (B) fortuitous (D) Vostok may have had more direct exposure to (C) preventable sunlight than was previously thought. (D) disappointing (E) Vostok may have some similarities to oceans on (E) catastrophic distant celestial bodies. man, because they advertised in that way: and I have 0805长双石头上打广告 read articles about it in the papers; but I don’s see where the joke comes in, exactly. So long as the people Passage 1 is adapted from a 1998 essay. Passage 2, that own the barns and fences don’t object, I don’t see adapted from an 1885 novel, is about a self-made what the public has got to do with it. And I never saw businessman named Lapham, who manufactures house anything so very sacred about a big rock, along a river paint. In the passage, Lapham is being interviewed by or in a pasture, that it wouldn’t do to put mineral paint Bartley, ajournalist. on it in three colors. I wish some of the people that talk about the landscape, and WRITE about it, had to bust Passage 1 one of them rocks OUT of the landscape with powder, Although I refer to a conifer guide when I'm or dig a hole to bury it in, as we used to have to do up cross-country skiing, I am still not trustworthy on the on the farm; I guess they’d sing a little different tune difference between a spruce and a fir. But let the about the profanation of scenery. There arn’t any man smallest piece of commercial-packaging trash appear enjoys a slightly bit of nature—a smooth piece of along the trail and I can give you the species, genus, interval with half a dozen good-sized wine-glass elms and phylum every time. in it—more than I do. But I ain’t a-going to stand up for every big ugly rock I come across, as if we were all Much of the litter we bring with us into the a set of dumn Druids. I say the landscape was made for wilderness is of the mental variety: past a certain point, man, and not man for the landscape.” our minds really cannot grasp places that are completely trash-free. The grape-soda can drawing “Yes,” said Bartley carelessly; “it was made for bees in the middle of a supposedly pristine wilderness the stove-polish man and the kidney-cure man.” campsite provokes our outrage and disgust, of course. But underneath those feelings, and less comfortable to “It was made for any man that knows how to use admit, is a small amount of recognition and even relief. it,” Lapham returned, insensible to Bartley’s irony. The soda can is us, after all. In the nineteenth century, when the cult of the Scenic * had just begun, *The nineteenth-century fascination with picturesque advertisers (especially in New England) took to natural scenes. plastering giant advertising slogans on the scenery itself. Hikers who reached lofty lookout points in the 1. The statement “The soda can is us, after all” (line 13, Adirondacks or the Berkshires would see the words Passage 1) can best be understood to mean that WISIT OAK HALL on a rock face in the prospect before them. (Oak Hall was Boston clothing store.) (A) trash is commonly found in the wilderness Even more remarkable is how few of them seem to (B) trash makes the wilderness feel less alien have complained. (C) trash can make the wilderness more picturesque (D) many people enjoy consumer goods like soda Passage 2 (E) many hikers bring consumer goods with them "In less’n six months there wasn't a board-fence, nor a bridge girder, nor a dead wall, nor a ham, nor a 2. The “cult of the Scenic”.(line 14, Passage 1) is best face of rock in that whole region that didn't have represented by which of the following “Lapham's Mineral Paint-Specimen' on it in the three in Passage 2 ? colors we begun by making." (A) “Lapham” (line 27) Lapham continued. "I've heard a good deal of talk (B) The “people” (line 31) about that stove-blacking man and the kidney-cure (C) The “'people” (line 36) beenhanced by its location (D) “any man”(line 40) (E) That people identify with the consumer goods (E) The “stove-polish man” (line 48) thatthey produce 3. What do the advertisements “VISIT OAK HALL” (line 18, Passage 1) and “Lapham's Mineral Paint— Specimen“ (lines 24-25, Passage 2) have in common? (A) Both were painted in three colors. (B) Both were easily accessible. (C) Both were visible in the Adirondacks. (D) Both appeared on rocks. (E) Both advertised paint. 4. In contrast to the “Hikers” dine 16, Passage 1), the '“people”' (line 36, Passage 2) are (A) publicly hostile to the defacing of the landscape (B) openly amused by seeing stove-polish ads on rocks (C) exasperated by the public's disregard of their editorials (D) understanding of the advertisers' need to promote their products (E) unaware of the revenue that advertising generates 5. Lapham's observations in Passage 2 compared with the author's observations in Passage 1 are (A) less sarcastic (B) less evenhanded (C) less accusatory (D) more resigned (E) more circumspect 6. Which is a belief expressed by Lapham in Passage 2that is NOT expressed by the author of Passage 1 ? (A) That humans occupy a privileged position in thenatural world (B) That humans are only marginally concerned withpreserving nature (C) That one can love natural beauty and still beinfluenced by billboards (D) That the effectiveness of advertising can 0805短单电视评论家 As a professional television critic, I have had to endure a forced, contractual separation from the discriminating TV viewer's favorite phrase: "You couldn't pay me to watch that." Hut that's how I feel about in miseries. To me, they are beach reading with nut the heath, airport reading with the airport. They last just die wrong amount of time --- they don't have the compressed energy of n short story, and they're not expansive and open-ended, like a regular series or a novel. A miniseries is like an infomercial --- by the time you decide whether you want to buy the product, you've logged too many hours in front of the television. 1. The statement in lines 4-6 (“To me serves to airport”) (A) advance an opinion through a comical story (B) justify a criticism by citing evidence (C) express a negative sentiment in humorous terms (D) analyze a theory by citing everyday examples (E) note a pressing problem by describing its consequences 2. In lines 9-11'(“A miniseries ... television”), the author makes use of which of the following? (A) Allusion (B) Analogy (C) Understatement (D) Personification (E) Euphemism 0805短单马戏团 From the start, Cirque du Sulcil was hardly a conventional circus. It had outrageous costumes, original music, and clever performers --- but no animal. Despite the dearth of beasts, it was a rousing success. Those initial decisions were brilliant, since they essentially redefined die genre. By not featuring animals. Cirque eliminated one of the most costly and controversial parts of any circus. And by shifting the focus from an event geared to kids to one designed for adults. Cirque pulled in an audience the traditional circus had never seen: adult theatergoers accustomed to paying steeper ticket prices. 1. The passage focuses primarily on which characteristic of the founders of Cirque du Soleil? (A) Their innovativeness (B) Their impracticality (C) Their perseverance (D) Their interest in the performing arts (E) Their disdain for training animals 2. Why does the author consider Cirque du Soleil a success? (A) It survived a series of nearly devastating challenges. (B) It provided a new source of entertainment for parents. (C) It was an outlet for the designers' creative impulses. (D) It made a number of shrewd financial decisions. (E) It rescued an obsolete genre from near oblivion" of creation we used to mold the ordinary into the 0805长单may离开家去上学找到magical. On the grounds, we unearthed wild artichokes and ate them raw, while they were still wet from the 自我 morning dew. We little girls lay in the dirt on our bellies and ate raspberries and blackberries and This passage is adapted from a novel based on the life strawberries off the vine until our faces dripped purple of Dr. May Chinn, a medical pioneer in Harlem during with juice. the 1920s. Here the protagonist relates several of her childhood experiences. In the woods along the railroad tracks that ran beside the river, there had once been a vineyard. It had The summer I turned five, Mama decided she'd long since grown over with thickets. We waded in had enough of die Lower East Side. At least for me. among the brambles to pick grapes, fat Mice marbles She hadn't told Papa, or anyone, hut she'd been saving and big as an eyeball, so dense and juicy they looked money since before we came to New York. And she almost black. We steadily ignored the snakes, beetles, never touched it, not for food or fuel or clothes. That and all other manner of creatures that were supposed to money was mine. She took the money she'd saved, send our little-girl selves off screaming --- but never paid off a full year of tuition, and bought a train ticket did. for me to the Bur demo w n School, a lop primary school for Block children in the East, tucked away into Of the academics I don i recall much except that I sleepy Horde Mown. New Jersey, about one hundred got a copy of a book by Charles Kingsley called Water miles south of New York. Babies as a reward for high scholarship I hat delicious woman Miss Morrison handed me the book and said. It was my first tune away from home, the first "May, you know you're smart. We know you're smart time in my life that I was to spend even a night We're not going to let you hack away from that" And separated from my mother. I cried bitterly the entire then I was dismissed, left alone with a pride swelling trip. But when I arrived at the school grates, almost in my chest so big and tight dial I couldn't speak, I just immediately, all of my little-girl fears evaporated. sat with my book, with my feeling, and coddled it silently, dreaming of growing up so 1 could be a A gorgeous chocolate-skinned woman named teacher too, and stay at school with Miss Morrison Miss Morrison showed me up to the second-floor forever. dormitory. There I saw the most amazing thing: an entire roomful of fidgeting, giggling, pouncing little In this way, I began to discover myself, to girls just like me. 1 had never been around children my understand the fact that I existed apart from mother, own age, and they seem to me to be almost fantastic, father, teacher. It dawned within me that I was more like the little elves and fairies that my father made up than a thought that smiled when someone else smiled stories about, I believed then, in my truest heart, that and walked with an outstretched hand. I wouldn't ever they'd been made and set down in this pi see vanish because my mother turned out a light and specifically for me. walked away a long distance, off by herself. Those days at Bordentown were some of the best Upon learning this about myself, mirrors became of my childhood. Being the youngest children at the attractive to mc tor the first time in my life. Reflecting school, my class of five year olds wasn't as strictly pools, the headmaster's teapot --- anything that showed monitored as die others were. So we spent much of our my face. The lamp beside my bed slaved on during the time in devilish pursuits, wandering the fields and night because the glimmering light dropped a curtain at gardens surrounding the school, searching for the spark the window, erasing fields, oak branches, and the Right 3. The second paragraph (lines 11-15) focuses and full circle of the Moon. Only my face remained. primarily on I found that I could make mirrors out of anything. (A) the excitement of going on a trip Inside, outside, anywhere. It gave mc magic. And, as (B) a stirring account of an escape it's in the nature of children to draw as close to magic (C) an intense emotional transition as possible and adore it, the other children begun to (D) the reasons for Mama's decision love me. Little girls followed me and fought over who (E) May's defiance of her mother's wishes could hold my hand next. Little boys got quiet when I passed and made small circles in the din with their toes. 4. In line 21. “fantastic” most nearly means The leathers hugged and cuddled me, engulfing me in scents of cinnamon and lavender. And I don't think (A) grotesque they even knew why. But I did. I understood exactly (B) agitating why. Because shortly after Miss Morrison gave me (C) eccentric Water Babies. I'd taken it under my bed and, with a (D) superb large quill pen, written on the inside coven (E) fanciful 5. The narrator's statement in lines 22-24 (“I believed ... This is May's. me”) primarily serves to 1. Lines 2-5 (“She hadn't ... mine”) emphasize that (A) foreshadow a later disappointment Mama (B) emphasize the origin of a misconception (C) reveal the strength of a conviction (A) was planning to move away from New York (D) confess a level of self-absorption (B) had never wanted to live m the city (E) explain an alarming perception (C) put her daughter's education above basic necessities 6. In line 29, “pursuits” most nearly means (D) was concerned about not being able to pay the bills (E) was impatient with her daughter's behavior (A) studies (B) activities 2. The narrator's description of the Bordentown School (C) vocations in lines 8-10 (“tucked ... New York”) suggests that (D) hobbies (E) chases (A) the town in which the school was located had little appeal for May 7. Lines 30-31 (“searching ... magical”) primarily (B) the town of Bordentown was unknown outside of suggest that the children were New Jersey (C) the school was much smaller than other schools in (A) hoping to discover new species of plants and the town animals (D) the school was situated in a quiet and secluded (B) seeking to understand how living things grow location (C) trying to find answers to their questions about (E) the school had little connection to the town of nature Bordentown (D) using their imaginations to perceive the world differently (E) escaping from an oppressive classroom routine (B) was uncomfortable with her classmates „attention (C) used her new popularity to make others do her 8. Which statement best describes the way the little bidding girls responded the “creatures” (line 43) outdoors? (D) encouraged people to make a fuss over her (E) radiated a sureness and poise that appealed to (A) They were unfazed by their encounters with them. everyone (B) They enjoyed playing with them. (C) They did everything they could to avoid contact 13. The narrative point of view in the passage is that of with them. (D) They pretended to be terrified of them. (A) a doctor explaining why she chose medicine as a (E) They reacted to them in a predictable fashion. career (B) a child announcing an important realization 9. The description in lines 50-53 (“And then ... attained while living away from home silently”) suggests that May experienced a new sense (C) a mother describing her daughter's experiences at of school (D) an objective narrator presenting multiple (A) self-esteem perspectives within a story (B) duty (E) an adult reflecting on certain memorable childhood (C) impassivity events (D) nervousness (E) pressure 10. Lines 58-62 (“It dawned ... herself') suggest that May came to recognize that she (A) was not the person other people thought she was (B) existed as an independent person (C) did not have to pretend to be cheerful when she was not (D) no longer needed the guidance of adults (E) could withstand being rejected by other people 11. In context, the references to “mirrors” (lines 63 and 70) suggest that May was feeling (A) self-confident and autonomous (B) self-aggrandizing and shrewd (C) self-possessed and calm (D) self-conscious and embarrassed (E) self-effacing and humble 12. It can be inferred from the discussion of “magic” beginning in line 71 that May (A) was mystified by her classmates' attraction to her 0805长单sublime But why the pleasure? Why seek out this feeling of weakness --- delight in it even? Why leave the In this 2002 passage, the author discusses the feeling comforts of home, join a group of desert devotees and known as “the subline”, which he experiences while walk for miles with a heavy pack, all to reach a place traveling in the Sinai desert. The definition of “the of rocks and silence where one must shelter from the subline” has been the subject of much discussion and sun like a Fugitive in the scam shadow of giant debate. boulders? Why exhilarate in such an environment, rather than despair? In my backpack I am carrying a flashlight, a sun hat and Edmund Burke In 1757, at the age of One answer is that not everything that is more twenty-four and after giving up his legal studies in powerful than us must always be hateful to us. What London. Burke composed A Philosophical Enquiry defies our will can provoke anger and resentment, but into the Orient of Our Ideas of the Sublime and it may also arouse awe and respect. It depends on Beautiful. He was categorical --- sublimity had to do whether the obstacle appears noble in us defiance or with a feeling of weakness. Many landscapes were squalid and insolent. We begrudge the defiance of a beautiful—meadows in spring, soft valleys, oak trees, cocky acquaintance even as we honor that of the banks of flowers (daisies especially) --- but they were mist-shrouded mountain. We are humiliated by what is not sublime. The ideas of the sublime and beautiful are powerful and mean but awed by what is powerful and frequently confounded." he complained. "Both are noble. To extend Burke's animal terminology, a bull indiscriminately applied to things greatly differing and may arouse a feeling of the sublime, whereas a piranha sometimes of natures directly opposite" --- a trace of cannot. It seems a matter of motives: we interpret the Irritation on the purl of the young philosopher with piranha's power as being vicious and predatory, and the those who gasped at a stream and called that sublime. bull's as guileless and impersonal. A landscape could arouse the sublime only when it suggested power --- a power greater than that of Even when we are not in deserts, the behavior of humans, and threatening to them. Sublime places others and our own flaws are prone to leave us feeling embodied a defiance to human will. Burke illustrated small, Humiliation is a perpetual risk in the human his argument with an analogy about oxen and bulls: world. It is not unusual for our will to be defied and "An ox is a creature of vast strength: but he is an our wishes frustrated. Sublime landscapes do not innocent creature, extremely serviceable, and not at all therefore introduce us to our inadequacy; rather, to dangerous: for which reason the idea of an on is by no touch on the crux of their appeal, they allow us to means grand. A bull is strong too; but his strength it or conceive of a familiar inadequacy in a new and more another kind; often very destructive. The idea of a bull helpful way. Sublime places repeal in grand terms a is therefore great, and it has frequently a place in lesson that ordinary life typically introduces viciously: sublime descriptions, and elevating comparisons" that the universe is mightier than we are, that we are frail and temporary and have no alternative but to There were oxlike landscapes, innocent and "not accept limitations on our will, that we must bow to at all dangerous," pliable to human will: landscape of necessities greater than ourselves. farms, orchards, hedge, rivers and gardens. Then there were bull-like landscapes. The essayist enumerated This is the lesson written into the (tones of the their qualities; they were vast, empty, often dark and desert and the ice fields of the poles. So grandly is it apparently infinite because of the uniformity and written there that we may come away from such places succession of their elements. The Sinai was among not crushed but inspired by what lies beyond us, them. privileged to be subject to such majestic necessities. (A) has an unattractive appearance 1. The first two paragraphs (lines 1-31) serve primarily (B) demonstrates unusual power to (C) thrives in cultivated regions (D) lives harmoniously with humans (A) weigh the relative merits of two distinctly different (E) reminds observers of themselves systems of thought (B) I explore the distinction between two easily 7. The criteria listed in lines 25-31 indicate that which confused concepts of the following would best fit Burke's idea of a (C) discuss the contemporary relevance of two ancient sublime landscape? ideas about an (D) differentiate between the nineteenth-century and (A) An oasis within a large desert the more recent definitions of a term (B) An immense expanse of open sea (E) explain one set of views and then dismiss them in (C) A boulder carved intricately by the wind favor of another set (D) A silent and snow-covered village at dawn (E) A rich pasture grazed by healthy farm animals 2. The statements in lines 5-8 (“He was ... not sublime”) indicate that, for Burke, the “beautiful” sights did NOT 8. The statement in line 31 (“The Sinai was among them”) functions as a transition in the passage from (A) create pleasant emotions (B) inspire feelings of weakness (A) a discussion of the history of Burke's writings to a (C) lead to vivid memories consideration of the contemporary relevance of those (D) suggest melancholy thoughts writings (E) justify extended travel to see them (B) a narrative about a specific event in the author's life to a meditation on that event's broader significance 4. In line 10, “confounded” most nearly means (C) a consideration of the merits of Burke's ideas to a discussion of the limitations of those ideas (A) refuted (D) an explication of Burke's views on a subject to the (B) frustrated author's own reflections on that same subject (C) shamed (E) a tribute to the originality of Burke's thought to a (D) cursed dismissal of the ideas of many of the author's (E) confused contemporaries 5 Lines 14-16 (“A landscape ... them”) indicate that a 9. The questions in lines 32-38 (“But... despair”) serve sublime landscape is primarily to (A) overwhelming and intimidating (A) advance alternative explanations (B) gloomy and melancholy (B) simulate some stressful experiences (C) vast and airy (C) call attention to paradoxical behavior (D) remote and desolate (D) evoke a hypothetical situation (E) stark and hideous (E) discredit a flawed argument 6. Lines 16-21 (“Sublime . , . grand”) suggest that an 10. The author suggests that people do not “despair” ox would not be sublime because it (line 38) in sublime landscapes because such places (A) inspire wonder (B) encourage optimism (C) offer entertainment (D) reward perseverance (E) instill perfectionism 11. The statements in lines 43-46 (“We begrudge ... noble”) are based on which assumption? (A) Adults and children view each other similarly. (B) All people react similarly to certain phenomena. (C) Individuals often have superficial responses to landscapes. (D) Tourists and local residents appreciate landscapes differently from each other. (E) Explorers and those who follow see landscapes differently from each other. 12. In line 46, “mean” most nearly means (A) base (B) dull (C) average (D) humble (E) stingy 13. Lines 52-53 (“Even when ... small”) introduce the idea that (A) sublime landscapes create both alarm and admiration (B) human relationships are as complex as any sublime landscape (C) sublime landscapes are not unique in producing a sense of insignificance (D) a fear of inadequacy impairs one's enjoyment of the sublime (E) a desire to experience the sublime might appear foolish to many people"