误工费赔偿标准

误工费赔偿标准 误工费 一、误工费 误工费是指赔偿义务人应当向赔偿权利人支付的受害人从遭受伤害到完全治愈这一期间(误工时间)内，因无法从事正常工作而实际减少的收入。 二、误工费特点 1(受害人的收入能力和水平差异较大。 客观存在的差异性，决定了不同的受害人在遭受损害后，其损失的误工收入会因人而异。 2(计算的依据各不相同。 因行业和岗位的不同，以及受害人是否就业的不同，收入方式的不同，对于误工费计算的依据，也是因人而异。 3(具有一定的推绎性。 一般而言，应当以受害人在遭受损害前某一时段，能够正常工作、劳动可能取得收入作为参照或者依据。而对于该时段的可能收入，也只能根据一定客观数据，在排除对其收入产生不利或者有利影响因素的情况下，进行推算。 三、误工时间的计算 1、非持续性的误工 这种误工的时间根据受害人接受治疗的医疗机构出具的证明确定。 2、受害人因伤致残持续误工 这种误工的时间从受到伤害耽搁工作之日计算至定残之日的前一天。 3、受害人因伤害死亡的 从侵权行为开始计算，至受害人死亡之时止(或有的因受害人死亡不计算误工费，因死亡赔偿金已补偿预期收入)。 四、误工费计算其他注意事项 1、误工费包括:工资、资金、津贴、课酬等。 2、误工费包含全日制工作收入和兼职工作收入。 3、须以“实际减少”的收入赔偿依据(差额赔偿原则)。 如:受害人为某些单位人员时，其因受伤而误工时，单位并不一定会扣发部分或全部收入。 should be planted immediately after watering. Plant engineering can regulate the function of human life and the natural environment, which is the main part in Garden engineering, plays a beautiful and pleasant role. The object of the project is a plant, and construction of our professional and technical staff should be carefully studied, first planting season about plant materials, the different characteristics of the plant, the relationship between plants and soil, as well as the corresponding technical measures to prevent plant tree wilt and die. Plant engineering integrated construction project of a closeout nature, in the management of the entire project, including quality management, doing well at the same time, make sure the completion. The primary considerations in the construction are as follows: (1) be familiar with the design intent and design drawings, confirmed the construction site. (2) based on various conditions, preparation of project schedule planting project master plan. (3) the trees and use materials for quality management. (4) check the distribution plant operation results of construction technology management. In the actual construction, which operate according to the following specifications: ? point, line a, fixed line use tools: tools, portable tape, flowers, small stakes, stakes and ropes. Position b, the pegged after clear signs, trees draw the range of Lime Wire, stakes on the nails in a coil, clearly state the species, quantity, pit (point), and then use Visual methods to fix individual dots, dots indicate. C, the number of species and site and must conform to the design requirements of the drawing. D, tree location and configuration attention levels, avoid stiff, wish to edge away from the Center or from low high tilt canopy line, nearby trees not into mechanical geometry drawings or a straight line. E, Lone Tree point and line planting trees 4、受害人为企业经营者时不包括其所丧失的企业经营利益损失。 因为企业经营利益并非单纯企业经营者劳动所创造，其还包括资金、设备、组织管理、知识产权等多种因素综合作用的结果。但企业经营者在其不能工作的时间内雇佣与自己具有相同能力的人管理企业或财产的费用则应作误工费予以赔偿。 五、计算公式 1、有固定收入的: 误工费=误工收入(天/月/年)*误工时间 注:对有固定收入的，应当按照其实际减少的损失计算误工费损失赔偿。至于受害人是否能够负担得起，则是执行的问。 2、无固定收入的: 2.1受害人能证明其最近三年的平均收入状况的: 误工费=误工时间(天)*最近三年的平均收入水平(天/元) 注:收入状况的证明包括纳税凭证、单位出具的证明等。 2.2受害人不能证明其最近三年的平均收入状况的(定型化标准): 误工费=误工时间(天)*相通、相近行业的上一年职工平均工资(天/元) 注:“相通相近行业”判断标准: ?产业分类标准; ?同一产业内的社会评价标准。 ?以省、自治区、直辖市为判断标准(区别于民诉法上“受诉法院所在地”)。 (实践中一般以(每年5月份左右)各省、自治区、直辖市高级法院会对本辖区相关数据作出的统计(引用统计部门)为依据，以江西为例，如《江西省人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释中赔偿项目参照指标》(四、相关法规 1、《中华人民共和国民法通则》 第119条 侵害公民身体造成伤害的，应当赔偿医疗费、因误工减少的收入、残废者生活补助费等费用;造成死亡的，并应当支付丧葬费、死者生前扶养的人必要的生活费等费用。 2、《最高人民法院关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》 第17条第1款 受害人遭受人身损害，因就医治疗支出的各项费用以及因误工减少的收入，包括医疗费、误工费、护理费、交通费、住宿费、住院伙食补助费、必要的营养费，赔偿义务人应当予以赔偿。 第20条 误工费根据受害人的误工时间和收入状况确定。 误工时间根据受害人接受治疗的医疗机构出具的证明确定。受害人因伤致残持续误工的，误工时间可以计算至定残日前一天。 受害人有固定收入的，误工费按照实际减少的收入计算。受害人无固定收入的，按照其最近三年的平均收入计算;受害人不能举证证明其最近三年的平均收入状况的，可以参照受诉法院所在地相同或者相近行业上一年度职工的平均工资计算。 3、《最高人民法院关于贯彻执行<中华人民共和国民法通则>若干问题的意见(试should be planted immediately after watering. Plant engineering can regulate the function of human life and the natural environment, which is the main part in Garden engineering, plays a beautiful and pleasant role. The object of the project is a plant, and construction of our professional and technical staff should be carefully studied, first planting season about plant materials, the different characteristics of the plant, the relationship between plants and soil, as well as the corresponding technical measures to prevent plant tree wilt and die. Plant engineering integrated construction project of a closeout nature, in the management of the entire project, including quality management, doing well at the same time, make sure the completion. The primary considerations in the construction are as follows: (1) be familiar with the design intent and design drawings, confirmed the construction site. (2) based on various conditions, preparation of project schedule planting project master plan. (3) the trees and use materials for quality management. (4) check the distribution plant operation results of construction technology management. In the actual construction, which operate according to the following specifications: ? point, line a, fixed line use tools: tools, portable tape, flowers, small stakes, stakes and ropes. Position b, the pegged after clear signs, trees draw the range of Lime Wire, stakes on the nails in a coil, clearly state the species, quantity, pit (point), and then use Visual methods to fix individual dots, dots indicate. C, the number of species and site and must conform to the design requirements of the drawing. D, tree location and configuration attention levels, avoid stiff, wish to edge away from the Center or from low high tilt canopy line, nearby trees not into mechanical geometry drawings or a straight line. E, Lone Tree point and line planting trees 行)》 第143条 受害人的误工日期，应当按其实际损害程度、恢复状况并参照治疗医院出具的证明或者法医鉴定等认定。赔偿费用的标准，可以按照受害人的工资标准或者实际收入的数额计算 受害人是承包户或者个体工商户的，其误工费的计算标准，可以参照受害人一定期限内的平均收入酌定。如果受害人承包经营的种植、养殖业季节性很强。不及时经营会造成更大损失的，除受害人应当采取措施防止损失扩大外，还可以裁定侵害人采取措施防止扩大损失。 4、《医疗事故处理条例》 第50条第2项 误工费:患者有固定收入的，按照本人因误工减少的固定收入计算，对收入高于医疗事故发生地上一年度职工年平均工资3倍以上的，按照3倍计算;无固定收入，按照医疗事故发生地上一年度职工年平均工资计算。 第50条 参加医疗事故处理的患者近亲属所需交通费、误工费、住宿费，参照本条例第五十条的有关规定计算，计算费用的人数不超过,人。 医疗事故造成患者死亡的，参加丧葬活动的患者的配偶和直系亲属所需交通费、误工费、住宿费，参照本条例第五十条的有关规定计算，计算费用的人数不超过,人。 5、《最高人民法院关于审理触电人身损害赔偿案件若干问题的解释》 第4条第2项 误工费:有固定收入的，按实际减少的收入计算。没有固定收入或者无收入的，按事故发生地上年度职工平均年工资标准计算。误工时间可以按照医疗机构的证明或者法医鉴定确定;依此无法确定的，可以根据受害人的实际损害程度和恢复状况等确定。 (一)误工费的概念和特征 误工费是指赔偿义务人向赔偿权利人支付的从受害人遭受损害到恢复治愈能参加正常工作、劳动这一段时间内，因无法从事正常工作或劳动而失去或减少的工作、劳动收入。是对受害人所失利益的赔偿。由于受害人无法从事正常工作或劳动而失去收入的损失，与加害人的不法加害行为之间具有相当因果关系，因此加害人及其他赔偿义务人自然应当赔偿受害人的误工损失。 在人身损害赔偿案件中，误工费往往成为当事人争议的焦点和人民法院处理案件的难点问题之一。这既有法律规定不明确，理论依据不统一的原因，也有误工费本身的特征和性质的原因。误工费有以下几点特征: 1.受害人的收入能力和水平差异较大。由于各个人的能力、环境、职业以及所处地区的不同，受害人的收入能力和水平相差悬殊。这一客观存在的差异性，决定了不同的受害人在遭受损害后，其损失的误工收入是不同的，是因人而异的。 should be planted immediately after watering. Plant engineering can regulate the function of human life and the natural environment, which is the main part in Garden engineering, plays a beautiful and pleasant role. The object of the project is a plant, and construction of our professional and technical staff should be carefully studied, first planting season about plant materials, the different characteristics of the plant, the relationship between plants and soil, as well as the corresponding technical measures to prevent plant tree wilt and die. Plant engineering integrated construction project of a closeout nature, in the management of the entire project, including quality management, doing well at the same time, make sure the completion. The primary considerations in the construction are as follows: (1) be familiar with the design intent and design drawings, confirmed the construction site. (2) based on various conditions, preparation of project schedule planting project master plan. (3) the trees and use materials for quality management. (4) check the distribution plant operation results of construction technology management. In the actual construction, which operate according to the following specifications: ? point, line a, fixed line use tools: tools, portable tape, flowers, small stakes, stakes and ropes. Position b, the pegged after clear signs, trees draw the range of Lime Wire, stakes on the nails in a coil, clearly state the species, quantity, pit (point), and then use Visual methods to fix individual dots, dots indicate. C, the number of species and site and must conform to the design requirements of the drawing. D, tree location and configuration attention levels, avoid stiff, wish to edge away from the Center or from low high tilt canopy line, nearby trees not into mechanical geometry drawings or a straight line. E, Lone Tree point and line planting trees 2.计算的依据各不相同。由于在现实生活中，因行业和岗位的不同，以及受害人是否就业的不同，收入方式的不同，对于误工费计算的依据，也是因人而异，各不相同。 3.具有一定的推绎性。由于误工费是用以填补假设受害人未遭受损害所应取得的收入，这种假设条件下的数额计算，必须要有一个相应的、较为客观、易于计算的参照标准。一般而言，应当以受害人在遭受损害前某一时段，能够正常工作、劳动可能取得收入作为参照或者依据。而对于该时段的可能收入，也只能根据一定客观数据，在排除对其收入产生不利或者有利影响因素的情况下，进行推算。 由于以上特征，误工费在司法实践中往往争议较大，难以确定。在目前法律规定较为疏漏的情况下，尤其需要通过司法解释加以明确，统一其赔偿原则、计算标准和计算方法。 (二)误工费的赔偿原则 人身损害赔偿的功能在于对受害人的损失进行法律上的补救。因此，对受害人这种误工损失通过误工费的形式进行赔偿，是人身损害赔偿的功能之所在。对于人身损害赔偿金的计算，本司法解释确立了全面赔偿原则、差额赔偿与定型化赔偿相结合的原则和主观计算与客观计算相结合的原则。误工费的赔偿当然也要遵循此三项原则。 误工费属于受害人如未遭受损害则本应获得却因不法侵害而无法获得或者无法完满得到的利益。在学理上可归为消极损失，或间接损失。从另一个角度说，误工费是可以根据受害人的具体情况和特点等主观利益损失量化计算的损失，因此，也是属于具体损失。误工费是受害人实际发生的损失，但依据受害人是否具有固定收入的不同，宜采取区分的赔偿标准和计算方法。受害人有固定收入的，应以发生损害前后，受害人财产减少的差额作为计算标准，此即差额赔偿原则。受害人无固定收入的，自然无法确切计算其误工损失的算术差额。只能从赔偿的社会妥当性和社会公正性出发，确定一个相当固定的标准。即定型化标准。在计算方法上，前者为主观计算，后者为客观计算。 (三)误工时间的确定 误工时间是计算误工费的一个重要要件，关系到误工费的多少，涉及到人身损害赔偿关系中有关当事人的利益，对此应当明确界定。 根据人身损害赔偿司法解释的规定，误工时间分为两种，一种为非持续性的误工，这种误工的时间根据受害人接受治疗的医疗机构出具的证明确定，必须是受害人接受治疗的医疗机构出具的证明，不能是其他的医疗机构;另一种为受害人因伤致残持续误工，这种误工的时间可以计算至定残日前一天，即从受到伤害耽搁工作之日计算至定残之日的前一天，定残之后赔偿残疾赔偿金，不再赔偿误工费。受害人因伤害死亡的，也要对实际的误工费进行赔偿，误工费的计算，从should be planted immediately after watering. Plant engineering can regulate the function of human life and the natural environment, which is the main part in Garden engineering, plays a beautiful and pleasant role. The object of the project is a plant, and construction of our professional and technical staff should be carefully studied, first planting season about plant materials, the different characteristics of the plant, the relationship between plants and soil, as well as the corresponding technical measures to prevent plant tree wilt and die. Plant engineering integrated construction project of a closeout nature, in the management of the entire project, including quality management, doing well at the same time, make sure the completion. The primary considerations in the construction are as follows: (1) be familiar with the design intent and design drawings, confirmed the construction site. (2) based on various conditions, preparation of project schedule planting project master plan. (3) the trees and use materials for quality management. (4) check the distribution plant operation results of construction technology management. In the actual construction, which operate according to the following specifications: ? point, line a, fixed line use tools: tools, portable tape, flowers, small stakes, stakes and ropes. Position b, the pegged after clear signs, trees draw the range of Lime Wire, stakes on the nails in a coil, clearly state the species, quantity, pit (point), and then use Visual methods to fix individual dots, dots indicate. C, the number of species and site and must conform to the design requirements of the drawing. D, tree location and configuration attention levels, avoid stiff, wish to edge away from the Center or from low high tilt canopy line, nearby trees not into mechanical geometry drawings or a straight line. E, Lone Tree point and line planting trees 侵权行为开始计算，至受害人死亡之时止。不过人身损害赔偿司法解释未对此予以明确，在司法实践中应当注意。 (四)误工费赔偿的标准和计算 误工费赔偿的标准之一，就是按受害人平时的平均工资或实际收入的数额计算。在审判实践中，比较难处理的问题是怎样确定误工工资的赔偿数额，因为受害人在受到损害前，有的有固定收入，有的没有固定收入，因而应当分为两个标准。其一，对有固定收入的，受害人受到损害后，应当按照其实际减少的损失计算误工费损失赔偿。固定收入在实际生活中有很大差异，例如，一般的工薪阶层，收入相对均衡;但对于高收入阶层者而言，则很悬殊。在《国家赔偿法》中，对误工实际损失规定了一个上限，即超过全国年平均工资5倍的，只赔偿5倍。这种做法有的法院效仿过，但这种赔偿限制是不对的。因为误工损失就是实际损失，实际造成了多大的损失就是多大的损失，赔偿就应当按照这样的范围确定。至于受害人是否能够负担得起，则是执行的问题。其二，对受害人无固定收入的，按照其最近三年的平均收入计算;受害人不能举证证明其最近三年的平均收入状况的，可以参照受诉法院所在地相同或者相近行业上一年度职工的平均工资计算。人身损害赔偿司法解释在计算误工费的误工损失的标准上分为有固定收入与无固定收入两种情形，这是非常科学合理的。在法院处理误工费赔偿的案件中，应当以该司法解释的规定为准。 根据人身损害赔偿司法解释的规定，误工费赔偿依据受害人的误工时间和收入状况确定，并据此来确定具体的误工费赔偿数额。其计算方法上，有固定收入的，按实际减少的收入计算，该实际减少的收入必须是实际丧失的收入，包括工资、奖金、津贴、课酬、合法的兼职收入等，但一般不应包括企业经营者作为受害者时所丧失的经营利润损失，因为经营利润是通过企业的资金、设备、人员组织等多种综合因素创造的，并非受害人一人的劳动所能创造的。无固定收入的，按照受害人最近三年的平均收入乘以误工时间计算，或受诉法院所在地相同或者相近行业上一年度职工的平均工资乘以误工时间。 2010年误工费赔偿标准 误工费基本解释误工费，是指道路交通事故发生后，遭受人身损害的受害人需要接受诊治以恢复健康，以及当事人的相关亲属需要参加交通事故的处理，无法正常参加工作或者从事 日常的经营活动，should be planted immediately after watering. Plant engineering can regulate the function of human life and the natural environment, which is the main part in Garden engineering, plays a beautiful and pleasant role. The object of the project is a plant, and construction of our professional and technical staff should be carefully studied, first planting season about plant materials, the different characteristics of the plant, the relationship between plants and soil, as well as the corresponding technical measures to prevent plant tree wilt and die. Plant engineering integrated construction project of a closeout nature, in the management of the entire project, including quality management, doing well at the same time, make sure the completion. The primary considerations in the construction are as follows: (1) be familiar with the design intent and design drawings, confirmed the construction site. (2) based on various conditions, preparation of project schedule planting project master plan. (3) the trees and use materials for quality management. (4) check the distribution plant operation results of construction technology management. In the actual construction, which operate according to the following specifications: ? point, line a, fixed line use tools: tools, portable tape, flowers, small stakes, stakes and ropes. Position b, the pegged after clear signs, trees draw the range of Lime Wire, stakes on the nails in a coil, clearly state the species, quantity, pit (point), and then use Visual methods to fix individual dots, dots indicate. C, the number of species and site and must conform to the design requirements of the drawing. D, tree location and configuration attention levels, avoid stiff, wish to edge away from the Center or from low high tilt canopy line, nearby trees not into mechanical geometry drawings or a straight line. E, Lone Tree point and line planting trees 因此而造成经济收入的减少，由负有责任的一方按照一定的标准对该项减少的收人给予的赔偿。误工费的发生与交通事故之间存在直接的因果关 系，是事故责任人的责任之一，自然应当予以赔偿。误工费赔偿金额的计算公式《最高人民法院关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第20条规定，“误工费根据受害人的误工时间和收入状况确定。”“误工时间根 据受害人接受治疗的医疗机构出具的证明确定。受害人因伤致残持续误工的，误工时间可以计算至定残日前一天。”“受害人有固定收入的，误工费按照实际减少的 收入计算。受害人无固定收入的，按照其最后三年的平均收入计算;受害人不能举证证明其最近三年的平均收入状况的，可以参照受诉法院所在地相同或者相近行业 上一年度职工的平均工资计算。”根据这一规定，误工费赔偿金额的计算，其计算公式可以表述为:误工费赔偿金额 = 误工收入(天/月/年)× 误工时间其中，?关于“误工收入”的确定。因受害人工作情况的不同，收入的确定，又分成2种情况:一种是在有固定收入的情况下，如何确定因误工而减少的 收入;另一种是在无固定收入的情况下，如何确定其收入以及因误工而减少的收入。?关于“误工时间”的确定。误工时间根据受害人接受治疗的医疗机构出具的证 明确定;受害人因伤致残持续误工的，误工时间可以计算至定残日前一天收入。(一)受害人有固定收入的受害人有固定收入的，其误工费赔偿金额的计算，按照其实际减少的收入计算。其计算公式为:误工费赔偿金额 = 实际减少的收入 =受害人正常情况下的劳动(工作)收入 - 事故受伤后劳动(工作)收入上述计算公式也可以用相关符should be planted immediately after watering. Plant engineering can regulate the function of human life and the natural environment, which is the main part in Garden engineering, plays a beautiful and pleasant role. The object of the project is a plant, and construction of our professional and technical staff should be carefully studied, first planting season about plant materials, the different characteristics of the plant, the relationship between plants and soil, as well as the corresponding technical measures to prevent plant tree wilt and die. Plant engineering integrated construction project of a closeout nature, in the management of the entire project, including quality management, doing well at the same time, make sure the completion. The primary considerations in the construction are as follows: (1) be familiar with the design intent and design drawings, confirmed the construction site. (2) based on various conditions, preparation of project schedule planting project master plan. (3) the trees and use materials for quality management. (4) check the distribution plant operation results of construction technology management. In the actual construction, which operate according to the following specifications: ? point, line a, fixed line use tools: tools, portable tape, flowers, small stakes, stakes and ropes. Position b, the pegged after clear signs, trees draw the range of Lime Wire, stakes on the nails in a coil, clearly state the species, quantity, pit (point), and then use Visual methods to fix individual dots, dots indicate. C, the number of species and site and must conform to the design requirements of the drawing. D, tree location and configuration attention levels, avoid stiff, wish to edge away from the Center or from low high tilt canopy line, nearby trees not into mechanical geometry drawings or a straight line. E, Lone Tree point and line planting trees 号进行表述，如可表述为:P=A - B其中，P=误工费赔偿金额;A=受害人正常情况下的劳动(工作)收入;B=事故受伤后劳动(工作)收入。(二)受害人无固定收入的受害人无固定收入的，其误工费赔偿金额的计算，与受害人有固定收入的相比，在总的计算公式上是一样的，即:误工费赔偿金额=实际减少的收入=受害人正常情况下的劳动(工作)收入 - 事故受伤后劳动(工作)收入其中，“受害人正常情况下的劳动(工作)收入”的确定，则是计算受害人无固定收入的误工费赔偿金额的关键。“受害人正常情况下的劳动(工作)收入”的计算公式，按年计算，可以表述为:受害人正常情况下的劳动(工作)收入(年)=最后三年的平均收入/3如果按月计算受害人正常情况下的劳动(工作)收入，其计算公式可以表述为:受害人正常情况下的劳动(工作)收入(年)=最近三年的平均收入/361.《最高人民法院关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第17条第1款受害人遭受人身损害，因就医治疗支出的各项费用以及因误工减少的收入，包括医疗费、误工费、护理费、交通费、住宿费、住院伙食补助费、必要的营养费，赔偿义务人应当予以赔偿。第20条误工费根据受害人的误工时间和收入状况确定。误工时间根据受害人接受治疗的医疗机构出具的证明确定。受害人因伤致残持续误工的，误工时间可以计算至定残日前一天。受害人有固定收入的，误工费按照实际减少的收入计算。受害人无固定收入的，按照其最近三年的平均收入计算;受害人不能举证证明其最近三年的平均收入状况的，可以参照受诉法院所在地相同或者相近行业上一年度职工的平均工资计算。2.《最高人民法院关于贯彻执行若干should be planted immediately after watering. Plant engineering can regulate the function of human life and the natural environment, which is the main part in Garden engineering, plays a beautiful and pleasant role. The object of the project is a plant, and construction of our professional and technical staff should be carefully studied, first planting season about plant materials, the different characteristics of the plant, the relationship between plants and soil, as well as the corresponding technical measures to prevent plant tree wilt and die. Plant engineering integrated construction project of a closeout nature, in the management of the entire project, including quality management, doing well at the same time, make sure the completion. The primary considerations in the construction are as follows: (1) be familiar with the design intent and design drawings, confirmed the construction site. (2) based on various conditions, preparation of project schedule planting project master plan. (3) the trees and use materials for quality management. (4) check the distribution plant operation results of construction technology management. In the actual construction, which operate according to the following specifications: ? point, line a, fixed line use tools: tools, portable tape, flowers, small stakes, stakes and ropes. Position b, the pegged after clear signs, trees draw the range of Lime Wire, stakes on the nails in a coil, clearly state the species, quantity, pit (point), and then use Visual methods to fix individual dots, dots indicate. C, the number of species and site and must conform to the design requirements of the drawing. D, tree location and configuration attention levels, avoid stiff, wish to edge away from the Center or from low high tilt canopy line, nearby trees not into mechanical geometry drawings or a straight line. E, Lone Tree point and line planting trees 问题的意见(试行)》第143条受害人的误工日期，应当按其实际损害程度、恢复状况并参照治疗医院出具的证明或者法医鉴定等认定。赔偿费用的标准，可以按照受害人的工资标准或者实际收入的数额计算。受害人是承包经营户或者个体工商户的，其误工费的计算标准，可以参照受害人一定期限内的平均收入酌定。如果受害人承包经营的种植、养殖业季节性很强。不及时经营会造成更大损失的，除受害人应当采取措施防止损失扩大外，还可以裁定侵害人采取措施防止扩大损失。3.《医疗事故处理条例》第50条第2项误工费:患者有固定收入的，按照本人因误工减少的固定收入计算，对收入高于医疗事故发生地上一年度职工年平均工资3倍以上的，按照3倍计算;无固定收入的，按照医疗事故发生地上一年度职工年平均工资计算。4.《最高人民法院关于审理触电人身损害赔偿案件若干问题的解释》第4条第2项误工费:有固定收入的，按实际减少的收入计算。没有固定收入或者无收入的，按事故发生地上年度职工平均年工资标准计算。误工时间可以按照医疗机构的证明或者法医鉴定确定;依此无法确定的，可以根据受害人的实际损害程度和恢复状况等确定 最高人民法院关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释 第二十条 误工费根据受害人的误工时间和收入状况确定。 误工时间根据受害人接受治疗的医疗机构出具的证明确定。受害人因伤致残持续误工的，误工时间可以计算至定残日前一天。 受害人有固定收入的，误工费按照实际减少的收入计算。受害人无固定收入的，按照其最近三年的平均收入计算;受害人不能举证证明其最近三年的平均收入状况的，可以参照受诉法院所在地相同或者相近行业上一年度职工的平均工资计算。 2010 河南省周口市中级人民法院关于《侵权责任法》实施中若干问题的座谈会纪要 should be planted immediately after watering. Plant engineering can regulate the function of human life and the natural environment, which is the main part in Garden engineering, plays a beautiful and pleasant role. The object of the project is a plant, and construction of our professional and technical staff should be carefully studied, first planting season about plant materials, the different characteristics of the plant, the relationship between plants and soil, as well as the corresponding technical measures to prevent plant tree wilt and die. Plant engineering integrated construction project of a closeout nature, in the management of the entire project, including quality management, doing well at the same time, make sure the completion. The primary considerations in the construction are as follows: (1) be familiar with the design intent and design drawings, confirmed the construction site. (2) based on various conditions, preparation of project schedule planting project master plan. (3) the trees and use materials for quality management. (4) check the distribution plant operation results of construction technology management. In the actual construction, which operate according to the following specifications: ? point, line a, fixed line use tools: tools, portable tape, flowers, small stakes, stakes and ropes. Position b, the pegged after clear signs, trees draw the range of Lime Wire, stakes on the nails in a coil, clearly state the species, quantity, pit (point), and then use Visual methods to fix individual dots, dots indicate. C, the number of species and site and must conform to the design requirements of the drawing. D, tree location and configuration attention levels, avoid stiff, wish to edge away from the Center or from low high tilt canopy line, nearby trees not into mechanical geometry drawings or a straight line. E, Lone Tree point and line planting trees (2)误工费以受害人实际减少的收入来计算。受害人无固定收入且不能提供证据证明实际减少的收入数额，可以按照上年度城镇居民人均可支配性收入或者农村居民人均纯收入标准计算。因伤残致持续误工的，误工时间可以计算至定残日前一天。受害人有条件进行伤残评定而无正当理由拖延伤残评定的期间内，可以不计算误工费。 2010 盐城市中级人民法院当前审理交通事故损害赔偿案件人身损害赔偿案件有关业务问题的意见(试行) 6、关于误工费。误工费根据受害人的误工时间和收入状况确定。误工时间根据受害人按受治疗的医疗机构出据的证明确定。受害人因伤致残持续误工的，误工时间可以计算至定残日前一天。受害人有固定收入的，误工费按实际减少的收入计算，不受平均收入三倍的限制。受害人没有收入，又不能举证证明其最近三年的平均收入状况的，参照江苏省相同或相近行业上一年度职工的平均工资计算。 2008 杭州市中级人民法院关于道路交通事故损害赔偿纠纷案件相关问题的处理意见 3、定残后的误工费问题。 误工费根据受害人的误工时间和收入状况确定。误工费的赔偿是对受害人因交通事故丧失劳动机会和劳动报酬的赔偿，被告若确有证据证明受害人在定残后仍从事一定工作的，可以相应折抵误工费的赔偿数额。 2003 吉林省高级人民法院关于审理道路交通事故损害赔偿案件若干问题的的会议纪要 (2)误工费的赔偿，应当根据受害人的实际收入，按照误工时间计算。误工时间一般应当参照受害人接受治疗的医疗机构出具的证明或者法医鉴定予以认定，也可以按照受害人的实际损害程度、恢复状况等情况来确定。 受害人有固定收入的，按照本人因误工减少的固定收入计算，对收入高于交通事故发生地平均生活水平三倍以上的，按照三倍计算;无固定收入的，按照交通事故发生地国营同行业的平均收入计算。 济南市中级人民法院关于当前民商事审判若干法律适用问题的解答(五) (十)关于受害人、护理人员系享受年薪制或按效益领取工资、奖金的的人员，对其举证证明的误工费、护理费如何认定的问题 我们认为，关于误工费，《最高人民法院关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》采取了积极损害与消极损害全额赔偿相结合、差额赔偿与定性化赔偿相结合以及主观计算(具体计算)与客观计算(抽象结算)相结合的原则。第二十条规定:“误工费根据受害人的误工时间和收入状况确定。……受害人有固定收入的，误工费按照实际减少的收入计算。受害人无固定的收入的，按照其最近三年的平均收入计算，受害人不能举证证明其最近三年的平均收入状况的，可以参照受诉法院所在地相同或者相近行业上一年度职工的平均工资计算。”据此，首先应对何为“固定收入”作出界定。固定收入视非农业户口、农业户口而各有不同。非农业户口中“有固定收入的”是指在国家机关、企业事业组织、社会团体等单位工作按期得到收入的人，范围包括固定职工、制职工、临时职工、计划外职工、季节工、轮换工等;按期包括按日、月、季、年，也包括计时。但在计算误工费时应当换算成月工资收入。受害人的工资收入情况应由其所在单位的劳资部门出具。 关于受害人主张误工费的，如其享受年薪制或按效益领取工资、奖金，只要侵权人的侵害行为导致其无法继续获得或者全部获得该收入，就已经构成了实际损害。考虑到受害人的收入在一定时期内、一定程度上系相对固定，其应提供如下证据:?该收入的合法证明;?该收入因受到人身损害已经实际减少的证明;should be planted immediately after watering. Plant engineering can regulate the function of human life and the natural environment, which is the main part in Garden engineering, plays a beautiful and pleasant role. The object of the project is a plant, and construction of our professional and technical staff should be carefully studied, first planting season about plant materials, the different characteristics of the plant, the relationship between plants and soil, as well as the corresponding technical measures to prevent plant tree wilt and die. Plant engineering integrated construction project of a closeout nature, in the management of the entire project, including quality management, doing well at the same time, make sure the completion. The primary considerations in the construction are as follows: (1) be familiar with the design intent and design drawings, confirmed the construction site. (2) based on various conditions, preparation of project schedule planting project master plan. (3) the trees and use materials for quality management. (4) check the distribution plant operation results of construction technology management. In the actual construction, which operate according to the following specifications: ? point, line a, fixed line use tools: tools, portable tape, flowers, small stakes, stakes and ropes. Position b, the pegged after clear signs, trees draw the range of Lime Wire, stakes on the nails in a coil, clearly state the species, quantity, pit (point), and then use Visual methods to fix individual dots, dots indicate. C, the number of species and site and must conform to the design requirements of the drawing. D, tree location and configuration attention levels, avoid stiff, wish to edge away from the Center or from low high tilt canopy line, nearby trees not into mechanical geometry drawings or a straight line. E, Lone Tree point and line planting trees ?如与单位建立劳动关系还应提供。经法院审查后，按实际减少的收入计算受害人的误工费，原则上不应超过受诉法院所在地相同或者相近行业上一年度职工平均工资的五倍。 关于受害人主张护理费的，一般情况下应参照误工费的规定计算。《最高人民法院关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第二十一条规定:“护理费根据护理人员的收入状况和护理人数、护理期限确定。护理人员有收入的，参照误工费的规定计算;护理人员没有收入或者雇佣护工的，参照当地护工从事同等级别的劳务报酬标准计算。……”。但对于享受年薪制或按效益领取工资、奖金人员的护理费，属于特殊情况，在计算时应考虑如何选择更适当的护理人员，以确保护理费支出的合理性，避免损失扩大等因素，不宜直接参照误工费，可参照当地护工从事同等级别的劳务报酬标准计算护理费。 2003 河南省高级人民法院民事审判第一庭关于当前民事审判若干问题的指导意见 第二十二条误工费是指受害人因身体受到伤害不能正常工作所减少的正当收入。计算误工费应考虑误工时间和受害人的正当收入标准: (一)误工时间。指受害人因受伤害而耽误工作的时间量。误工时间一般应当参照受害人接受治疗的医疗机构出具的证明或者法医鉴定予以认定，也可以按照受害人的实际损害程度、恢复状况等情况来确定。 受害人伤情显著轻微不影响正常工作的，仅计算就诊、换药当日的误工费; 受害人伤情轻微无须住院治疗的，误工时间自因伤情停止工作之日起至实际痊愈之日计算; 受害人出院时伤情仍末痊愈的。误工时间自因伤情停止工作之日起至伤情实际痊愈之日计算。 受害人受伤致残的，误工时间一般自因伤情停止工作之日起至定残之日止计算。 受害人因受害经医疗无效死亡的，误工时间自因伤停止工作，之日起至死亡之甘止计算 (二)受害人的正当收入标准受害人有固定收入的，按实际丧失的田定收入额计算;但实际收入超过受诉法院所在地上年度职工平均工资五倍以上的，按五倍计算。 受害人无固定收入或除固定收入外还有其他不固定正当收入的，应参照受害前一年至三年的平均收入计算。 受害人不能举证证明其最近一年至三年的平均收入的，参照受诉法院所在地同行业或相近行业同等劳动力上一年度的平均收入计算。 受害人因没有工作或因离退休而主要从事家庭劳动的，参照当地县(市)级统计部门公布的上年度居民平均收入计算。 从事农业生产因伤害导致农忙期间误工的，其误工费参照当地县(市)级统计部门公布的上年度农村居民平均收入的两倍计算。 2005 深圳市罗湖区人民法院处理道路交通事故赔偿纠纷案件实施意见 2、误工费:当事人有固定收入的，按照本人因误工减少的固定收入计算，对收入高于交通事故发生地平均生活费三倍以上的，按照三倍计算;无固定收入的，按照交通事故发生地国营同行业的平均收入计算。 should be planted immediately after watering. Plant engineering can regulate the function of human life and the natural environment, which is the main part in Garden engineering, plays a beautiful and pleasant role. The object of the project is a plant, and construction of our professional and technical staff should be carefully studied, first planting season about plant materials, the different characteristics of the plant, the relationship between plants and soil, as well as the corresponding technical measures to prevent plant tree wilt and die. Plant engineering integrated construction project of a closeout nature, in the management of the entire project, including quality management, doing well at the same time, make sure the completion. The primary considerations in the construction are as follows: (1) be familiar with the design intent and design drawings, confirmed the construction site. (2) based on various conditions, preparation of project schedule planting project master plan. (3) the trees and use materials for quality management. (4) check the distribution plant operation results of construction technology management. In the actual construction, which operate according to the following specifications: ? point, line a, fixed line use tools: tools, portable tape, flowers, small stakes, stakes and ropes. Position b, the pegged after clear signs, trees draw the range of Lime Wire, stakes on the nails in a coil, clearly state the species, quantity, pit (point), and then use Visual methods to fix individual dots, dots indicate. C, the number of species and site and must conform to the design requirements of the drawing. D, tree location and configuration attention levels, avoid stiff, wish to edge away from the Center or from low high tilt canopy line, nearby trees not into mechanical geometry drawings or a straight line. E, Lone Tree point and line planting trees