高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义5.doc

高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义5.doc 公共英语3级精讲班第5讲讲义 Dialogue Dialogue : Matt Taylor is talking with one of his viewers about his job as a television weather forecaster Language points: 1. weather forecaster 天气预报员 2. I joined the BBC Weather Centre in June 1992 and did my first live broadcast about six months later. 我1992年进入BBC天气预报中心， 六个月以后进行我第一次的现场播报。 live: transmitted while actually happening, not recorded or edited. live football game a live recording made at the concert 3. I am passionate about the weather. 我对天气非常有热情。 be passionate about 对某方面有热情 4. I do exercises to calm myself down 多做一些练习使自己镇静下来。 calm down 5. It’s important to know what elements of the forecast are subject to error. 知道预报的哪部分容易出错是重要的。 be subject to : often having, suffering or undergoing sth; liable to sth 常有、常患或遭受某事物、倾向某事物 Are you subject to colds? Trains are subject to delay after the heavy snowfalls. The timetable is subject to alternation. Monologue Monologue 1: thThis is a summary of the BBC live broadcast by Jay Wynne for the U.K. on September 16, 2004 th1. Overnight into the 16 September 2004 we saw the winds strengthen over the northwest of the U.K. Those mighty winds pulled in a bank of cloud and some patchy rain through the small hours and into the first part of the morning. 2004年9月16日英国西北部风力加强， 风带来了大片的云彩，早晨上半时有短时零星小雨。 a bank of cloud: flat topped mass of cloud, snow, etc, formed by the wind 顶部平坦的云堆，雪堆等(主要是由风构成的) The sun went behind a bank of clouds. 2. For the bulk of the day, England and Wales were dry and bright with the early sunshine giving way to a bit more cloud through the afternoon as the winds picked up a little. 一天的大部分时间，英格兰与威尔士天气晴朗阳光充沛，下午多云有风。 the bulk of main part of sth 某事物的大部分 The bulk of the work has been done. The eldest son inherited the bulk of the estate. 3. Most places had a fine day with some sunshine with Norfolk seeing the lion’s share with 11 full hours worth. 大多数地区都有阳光充沛的好天气， 诺福得地区天气最好，一天有11个小时的阳光。 1)the lion’s share 得到最好的一份 2) worth: the amount of sth that will last for a specified length of time 某物能持续某段时间的量 a day’s worth of fuel 能用一天的燃料 two weeks’ worth of supplies 能维持两个星期的供应品 4. Through the evening the rain cleared away from Northern Ireland and most of Scotland and the winds began to ease. 夜晚北爱尔兰和苏格兰大部的雨逐渐减小，风逐渐停止。 1)clear away 减小 2)ease 减轻 Monologue 2: Helen Taylor is a radio weather forecast and the following is her summary of the weather conditions thfor the U.K. on Monday, the 13 of September 2004. 1. During the early hours a band of showery rain swept across the U.K. and the clearing skies meant a cold start to the day for Northern Ireland which saw temperatures fall back to 6 Celsius. 上午瓢泼大雨席卷英国，北爱尔兰温度骤降到六摄氏度。 1) a band of showery rain a band of 一群、一伙、一帮 2) sweep across: move quickly over an area 扫过，掠过 The fire swept rapidly across the wooded countryside. 2. However it did leave behind a legacy of blustery showers. 然而它留下了大风与暴雨。 1)leave behind 留下 2)a legacy of blustery showers a legacy of 先人或过去遗留下来的东西 Monologue 3: The following is a news report about climate and economy. 1. Where the climate is too inhospitable to grow much food. 这些地区天气不适合种许多的谷物。 be inhospitable to 不适合的，不好客的 It is inhospitable of you not to offer her a drink. 2. We hear about natural disasters and “acts of God” which wipe out crops, sometimes entire harvests, and cause millions of pounds of damage 我们听说过自然灾害和“无法抵御的自然力量”, 它们摧毁谷物，甚至是整个丰收，导致上百英镑的损失。 wipe out: destroy sth completely彻底消灭或摧毁某事物 Whole villages were wiped out in the bombing raids. 3. Insurance companies may suffer losses of billions of pounds, also destabilizing certain industries as their losses and premium mount up. 保险公司可能遭受几十亿财产的损失，随着损失和保险金的增长也会动摇某些产业。 mount up:increase in amount or intensity 增加、上升 The death toll mounted up to 100. Passage Passage: Scientists have different points of view. Some think that human activities have altered the earth’s climate. Others argue that this temperature trend is a natural variation. Background knowledge: 1.Greenhouse Effect: the heat-trapping capacity of the atmosphere 温室效应 2.Global Warming: 全球变暖 Language Points: 1.Indeed, were it not for the heat-trapping action of clouds, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases, the earth’s natural climate would be about 33?C cooler than it is. 确实，如果不是云水蒸汽、二氧化碳和其余气体的吸热作用， 地球的自然温度将比现在低33摄氏度。 Were it not for ------ If it were not for ------ 虚拟语气if省略的倒装形式 2. But others have pointed out that carbon dioxide increases and a warming climate could encourage the spread of destructive pests, including weeds and disease-carrying insects. 但是有人指出二氧化碳增加和气候变暖能够鼓励害虫、野草和传播疾病的昆虫的的传播。 1) point out: direct attention to sth 使注意某事物 point out a mistake I must point out that further delay would be unwise. 2) including prep. having sth as a part 包括 The band played many songs, including some of my favorites. Sales up to and including last month amounted to $ 100.000. Exercises Exercises: Use of English Words: acclimatization 动植物适应环境 indigenous 土生土长的 physiology 生理学 allege 陈述、宣称 perspire 流汗 altitude 海拔 hormone 激素、荷尔蒙 主要考察对全文的理解及词汇量 2. moderate温和的, extreme极度的、极端的, apparent明显的, present当前的 3. construction建筑, building建筑, structure结构, frame 框架 5. instances例子, circumstances环境、情形, substances物质, reluctances不愿意做某事 7. procedures程序, expenses花费, processes过程, environment环境 8. temporary短期的, tremendous巨大的, tropical热带的, temperate温和的, 9. undertake承担, undergo经历，经受, underestimate过分低估某事 14. unaided没有帮助的, unannoyed不生气的, unchecked没被检查的, uncounted无法计算的 15. measured可测量的, monopolized垄断的, mediated调解的, modified缓和、改善的 19. fundamental基本的, practical实际的, essential基本的，本质的 Reading Comprehension Part A Talk about the history of meteorology. How did the weather forecast come into being? 1. 第一段第二句“It surely would not have taken early man long to realize that the dark streaks in the sky moving his way meant that he was going to get wet.”。 2. 第二段最后一句“Regular forecasts to the press began in 1879”。 3. 第五段第二句“The BBC’s then Director General, Sir Ian Jacob, noted that ‘a young but highly professional meteorologist who was in the party’ had made the point that it would be better if, instead of just weather maps and charts, the forecaster himself appeared on the screen.”。 th4. 第三段“with the first regular weather broadcasts on the BBC starting on March 26, 1923.”。 5. 第七段第二句“The change is designed to stress the continuity of the reports provided.”。 Part B 6. Judy Mata: Bush and his colleagues should realize that without clean air and the right temperature to support life at all level, a healthy economy won’t be possible. 7. Joy Lathers: Perhaps these alarmists should ponder the idea that global climatic fluctuations are out of our control and that the God who has created the earth will also nourish it and sustain it. 8. Alan McDonald: Global warming is a theory based, at this point, on speculative science, imprecise computer models and a lot of doom-and-gloom rhetoric. 9. Robert Peterson: we don’t need to sit around and wait to see ---. We are all responsible for what happens to our environment. The time to act is now. 10. Paul Marcus: Most of the temperature increases in the past century occurred when America was still mostly a rural economy. With the rise of our industrial might, temperatures haven’t risen at all. 情态动词 1. had better had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。 had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. She'd better not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。 You had better have come earlier. 2. would rather would rather do would rather not do would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿。 还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。 If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 典型例题 ----Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which ___ do? A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather 答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句，would 提前， 所以选B。 3. 情态动词的回答方式 问句 肯定回答 否定回答 Need you…? Yes, I must. No,I needn't Must you…? /don't have to. 典型例题 1)---Could I borrow your dictionary? ---Yes, of course, you____. A. might B. will C. can D. should 答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习: will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。 2)---Shall I tell John about it? ---No, you ___. I've told him already. A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。 3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ---______. A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't 答案B. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选B。 4. 带to的情态动词 带to 的情态动词有四个:ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意: Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month? She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen. You ought not to have told her all about it. Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.? ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。 典型例题 Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A.have told B.tell C.be telling D. having told 答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have。 2. need 与dare 这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。 1) 实义动词: need (需要, 要求) need + n. / to do sth 2) 情态动词: need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。 Need you go yet? Yes, I must. / No, I needn't. 3) need 的被动含义:need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动: need doing = need to be done