高中英语必修一语法知识点与语法整理

高中英语必修一语法知识点与语法整理 高中英语语法知识点与语法整理 必修一------刘丽芳 Unit 1 Friendship 一、知识点与语法 1.be good to … 2.add up / add up to加起来/合计，总计。 3.not…until直到。。。才。。。 4.get sth done 5.calm…down平息 6.be concerned about关心，挂念 7.go on / be on 8.当while,when,before,after等引导时间状语从句的主语与主句一致时，可将从句的主语和be动词省略。 9.take one’s end-of-term exam参加期末考试。 10.非限制性定语从句。 11.make a list of 列举。。。。。。 12.go through遭遇，经历，经过，通过，用光，获准。 13.hide away躲藏 14.in order to 为了。。。。。。 15.happen to sb/do sth某人发生某事/某人碰巧做某事。 16.it is/was the first…that…(现在完成时/过去完成时) 17.in one’s power处于。。。。。。的控制之中。 18.suffer from…遭受。 19.with作伴随状语。 20.have some trouble with sb/sth在。。。。。。上遇到了麻烦。 21.get along…with与某人相处怎么样/，某事进展如何, 22.make sb/sth+adj.使某人，某物。。。 23.be doing示将来。(重点) 24.直接引语和间接引语。(重点) Direct and Indirect Speech Direct Speech Indirect Speech simple present simple past He said, ―I go to school every He said (that) he went to school every day.‖ day. simple past past perfect He said, ―I went to school every He said (that) he had gone to school day.‖ every day. present perfect past perfect He said, ―I have gone to school He said (that) he had gone to school every day.‖ every day. present progressive past progressive He said, ―I am going to school He said (that) he was going to school every day.‖ every day. past progressive perfect progressive He said, ―I was going to school He said (that) he had been going to every day.‖ school every day, future (will) would + verb name He said, ―I will go to school He said (that) he would go to school every day.‖ every day. future (going to) present progressive He said, ―I am going to school He said (that) he is going to school every day.‖ every day. past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day Direct Speech Indirect Speech auxiliary + verb name simple past He said, ―Do you go to school He asked me if I went to school every every day?‖ day.* He said, ―Where do you go to He asked me where I went to school. school?‖ imperative infinitive He said, ―Go to school every He said to go to school every day. day.‖ Direct Speech Indirect Speech simple present + simple present simple present + simple present He says, “I go to school every He says (that) he goes to school every day.” day. present perfect + simple present present perfect + simple present He has said, “I go to school He has said (that) he goes to school every day.” every day. past progressive + simple past past progressive + simple past He was saying, “I went to school He was saying (that) he went to school every day.” every day. past progressive + past perfect He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day. Direct Speech Indirect Speech can could He said, ―I can go to school every He said (that) he could go to school day.‖ every day. may might He said, ―I may go to school every He said (that) he might go to school day.‖ every day. might He said, ―I might go to school every day.‖ must had to He said, ―I must go to school He said (that) he had to go to school every day.‖ every day. have to He said, ―I have to go to school every day.‖ should should He said, ―I should go to school He said (that) he should go to school every day.‖ every day. ought to ought to He said, ―I ought to go to school He said (that) he ought to go to every day.‖ school every day. Unit 2 English around the world 1. at the end of…在。。。末端 2. because of…由于。。。 3. even if引导的让步状语从句。 4. come up…走近，走上前来，发生，出现 5. be different from/in…与。。。同/在。。。不同 6. be based on以。。。为基础 7. at present目前 8. make use of 利用 9. such as例如 10. turn of/on/up/down 11. hold on坚持住，不挂断 12. play a role in…在。。。中起作用/担任什么角色 13. the same…as…和。。。一样 14. at the top/bottom of 在。。。顶上/在。。。底部 15. build up建立，积累，增强 16. be satisfied with对什么感到满意 17. at sea/on the sea/over the sea在海上/在海上/在海外。 18. according to…按照 19. 直接引语和间接引语。(参考上一单元) UNIT 3 Travel journal 一、知识点与语法 1.advantages and disadvantages 优劣 2.How do they make use of it in their daily life? 在日常生活中他们是如何利用它的 3.flow through 流过，流经 4.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 从高中起，我姐姐王维和我就一直梦想做一次伟大的自行车旅行。 连词since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，介词since 与表示过去某一点时间的词语连用，副词since 后不用从句或词语。 It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延续)自从……至今已经多久了。 since then 自从那时至今 ever since 从那以后一直 5.persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to. 即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。 6.grow up in western Yunnan 在云南西部长大 7.After graduating fro college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。 8.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。 强调句型It is/was…that/who 的用法归纳如下: 强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who;如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。 强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。 含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型: ? 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为:Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分, ? 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为:特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分, 9.schedual for the trip 旅行计划 10.be fond of 喜欢，喜爱 Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。 (注意1:Although conj. ―尽管，虽然‖，引导让步状语从句。拓展: ? although 从句多在句首， though 从句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 可以作副词用于句末，作―但是，不过‖讲，而although 无此用法。 ? although 用来陈述事实而不用于假设，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，尽管)中不能用although。 ? though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(将表语、状语、情态动词后的动词原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。注意2:insist 在这里的意思是―坚持‖后面的that从句用虚拟语气;如果insist 意为―强调，坚持认为‖的时候，从句可以用任何所需要的时态。例如:She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她强调她没撒谎。另外，还可以用insist on doing sth/ sth. 一定要、坚持主张，如:She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly她老是一大早起来把收音机音量开大。) 11.care about details 考虑细节 (The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一在乎的就是金钱。 care for 喜欢，照料，照顾 I don’t really care for red wine. 我其实并不喜欢红葡萄酒。 Who will care for your child if you are out? 如果你外出了，谁来照顾你的孩子, 12.give me a determined look给了我一个坚定的眼神 13.change one’s mind 改变主意 14.she seemed to be excited about it. 似乎显得兴奋 15.an interesting experience一次有趣的经历 16.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最 后，我只好让步了。Once 可作为从属连词，作―一(旦)……就……‖ 解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完 成时表将来。 如:Once you have begin you must continue. Once printed，the book will be very popular。 17.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across wetern Yunnan Province. 它穿过深谷时就变成 了急流，流经云南西部。 18.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. 河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长 稻谷的平原。 19.He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything. 他太固执，没有一人能劝动他做事。 20.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. 不论工作多难，一个坚决的人总是努力地去 完成它。 21.My grandapa is fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the river. 我爷爷喜欢钓鱼，有时他整天在河边钓鱼。 22.I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.我喜欢那件红色的衣服不喜欢那件绿色的，因为红色的更合我 的身。 23.The concert went like clockwork because Li Pei organized it so well.音乐会顺利地进行，因为李佩组织地相当好。 24.I wanted to pay the train fare, but my friend insisted. Finally I gave in.我想付火车票费用，但我朋友坚持他付。最后我让步了。 25.She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking the bus.她说服了我们不做公共汽车而是骑车去工作。 26.As neither of them would give in, no decision was taken that day.由于双方都不让步，那天没有形成决议。 27.The task was difficult, but Helen’s determined expression let me know that she would not give up.虽然工作很难，但海伦的 坚定神情使我知道她不会放弃。 28.How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the stars up close. 我多么希望我能够进行太空旅行，近距离地看看星 星啊。 29.The very first time that Joe saw the film ―ET‖ directed by Steven Spieberg, he made up his mind to become a director too.第一次看Steven Spieberg执导的电影―ET‖时，他就下定决心 也要当一名导演。 30.a large parcel of 一大包 31.We are taking out insurance to cover any problems.我们要 投保给一切问题保险。 32.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.我们的腿又冷又沉，感觉就像大冰块。 33.Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看我们。 34.However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。 35.as usual 像往常一样 36.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds. 在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿 佛骑车穿越云层。 37.We saw many sheep eating green grass. 我们看到羊群在吃 草。 38.make camp宿营 39.put up our tent 搭帐篷 40.stay awake 睡不着，醒着 41.at midnight 在半夜 42.for company 做伴 43.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下 44.We can hardly wait to see them.我们迫不及待地想要见到他 们。 45.Good luck on your journey. 祝你旅途愉快 46.When you go on a journey, why not keep a travel journey? 当你出游的时候问什么不记旅行日记呢, 47.see the world through somebody else’s eyes 通过别人的眼睛看世界 48.go in the right direction 走正确的方向 49.The tortoise moves at a very slow pace.乌龟以很慢的速度行进。If you pace yourself, you will be able to work efficiently. 如果你为自己定好了速度，你就会高效地工作。 50.be similar to 类似于 51.afford to do sth 付得起，能承担 52.be tired from 因……而疲劳 be tired of 对……厌倦 53.be in high spirits 喜气洋洋，兴高采烈 54.come true 实现，成真 55.Ask them to give you some advice on improving it. 要他们就如何改进提一些建议。 56.a guide to… 的指南 57.on a tour 在游览中，在巡演中 58.in detail 59prefer prefer doing to talking 喜欢做而不喜欢说 Which of these two dresses do you prefer? 这两套衣服你喜欢哪一套, I prerer to go to America for my fruther study. 我更愿意选择去美国进修学习。 Anne prefers me to replace her at the meeting. 安妮更愿意我代替她去参加会议。 60.祈使句:祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语 当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时，其常用结构为―ask,request,tell,order sb(not)to do sth‖。如: ―Speak loudly，please!‖ the teacher said to me((,The teacher asked me to speak loudly() ―Don’t smoke in the meeting room!‖ he said to Tom((,He told Tom not to smoke in the meeting room() Unit 4Earthquakes 1( 定语的用法:定语起限定和修饰的作用。单个词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时放于被修饰词的后面。 2( 定语从句:关系词(关系代词，关系副词)定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。 限定性定语从句 a. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作―不及物动词，介词‖的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 b. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 c. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 d who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 e. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 f. when引导定语从句表示时间 g. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分 的前置所有格 h. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或 nothing时，常用there is来引导 3.right away/now 4.rise/raise 5.burst into+n. 6.burst out+doing 7.it seemed… 8.as if 9.all…not…=not all… 10.定语从句(that，who，which，whose) Unit 5 Nelson Mandela – a modern hero 1、A great person is someone who devotes his /her life to helping others. 一个伟大的人就是一个把一生用于帮助别人的人。 devote… to… 献身于… The old man has devoted all his life to teaching. 那位老 人把一生献给了教育事业。 She devotes all her spare time to looking after her sick mother. 她把所有的空余时间都花在照顾生病的母亲上。 特别提示: devote… to…句型中的宾语多用 (all) one’s life; (all) one’s time; one’s effort / efforts。 即时活用: 1、Although the working mother is very busy, she still _____a lot of time to her children. A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides 答案:A 2、_____ two years to ________after the sick woman, she badly needed a holiday. A. Devoting herself; look B. Devoted; looking C. Devoting; looking D. Devoted; looked 答案:B 2、He fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War II. 第二次世界大战中，他反对德国纳粹和日本侵略者。 fight vt.& vi. 战斗 用法归纳: (1)fight with.. 和…并肩作战 We fought with the Soviet Red Army during World War II. 第二次世界大战期间我们和苏联红军并肩战斗。 (2)fight against 反对; 和…作斗争 Every one should fight against pollution. 每个人都应该和 污染作斗争。 (3)fight for…为…而战 Nelson Mandela fought for the equal rights of the black people in South Africa. 纳尔逊曼德拉为了南非黑人的平等权利而战。 (4)fight back 还击;还手 If you beat me again, I will fight back. 如果你再打我，我就 还手了。 即时活用: England fought ______ Germany in the war of 1914—1918. A. against B. with C. for D. to 答案:A 3、He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. 他为贫穷的黑人群众提供法律引导。 offer vt. 提供 用法归纳: (1) 主动提出做某事 My daughter offered to clean the room yesterday. 女儿昨 天主动提出打扫房间。 特别提示: offer表示―主动提出做某事‖时，后面一般跟动词不定式。 (2)主动给与 They offered me a cup of tea when I arrived. 我到的时候 他们给我了一杯茶。 (3)出价 How much do you offer for my car? 我的车你给多少钱, 特别提示: offer表示―出价‖时，一般用 ― offer some money for sth.‖ 句型。 联想扩展: (1)―要价;索价‖用 ― charge some money for sth.‖ 句型。 I charge 100,000 Yuan for this car. 这辆车我要十万块钱。 (2)offer还可以作名词，表示―提供;报价‖。 He didn’t accept my offer. 他没有接受我的报价。 即时活用: 1、 —Why are you looking pleased ? —Oh , I’ve just had a job _____. A(offered B(offering C(to offer D(being offered 答案:A 2、– How much do you _____ mending a pair of shoes? -- $ 15. A. ask B. spend for C. charge for D. pay 答案:C 3、The missing boy was last seen ______ near the river. A. to be playing B. play C. playing D. having played 答案:C 4、– How much do you _____ mending a pair of shoes? -- $ 15. A. ask B. spend for C. charge for D. pay 答案:C 4、The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去三十年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡我们 的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 see + O + OC 用法归纳: (1)see sb. / sth. do 看到过某人做某事 Did you see anyone go into the building? 你看到有人进 这栋大楼吗, 特别提示: 在see sb. / sth. do句型中，do表示动作的全过程，即动作 已经结束。被动句中，作宾语补足语的不定式要带to。 (2)see sb. / sth. doing 看到某人 /某物正在做… I can see some boys playing basketball on the playground. 我看到一群男孩在操场上大篮球。 (3)see sb. / sth. done 看到某人/某物被… Looking up I saw his eyes fixed on me in curoisity. 一抬 头我看到他双眼好奇的看着我。 (4) see sb. / sth + adj. It was the first time the students had ever seen the teacher really angry. 这是第一次学生们看到老师真的生气了。 (5)see sb. / sth +介词短语 Seeing me in need of money, my father gave me some. 看到我需要钱，我爸爸就给了我一些。 联想扩展: see about 负责处理 see after 照顾 see…off 送别 see through 看穿;识破 see to 处理; 修理 即时活用: 1、The ______ boy was last seen ____ near the East Lake . A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 答案:A 2、– Have you seen Mary today? --- Yes, I ________a minute ago. A. see her come in B. have seen her to come in C. saw her come in D. see her coming in 答案:C 3、A man was seen _______ to break into the house. A. try B. trying C. tried D. to try 答案:B 4、I thought I saw Professor Davis ______ in the library last night. A. working B. to work C. worked D. works 答案:A 5、The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去三十年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡我们 的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 progress / advance 进步 Scientists have made much progress in medicine these years. 这些年科学家们在医学方面取得了很多进步。 特别提示: (1) progress是不可数名词;advance是可数名词。 (2)―取得进步‖用 make progress / make advance 6、The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去三十年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡我们 的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 at all 用法归纳: (1)用于疑问句，表示―到底;根本‖。 What do you want to say at all ? 你到底想说什么, (2)用于否定句，表示―一点也不;根本不‖。 I don’t want to learn English at all. 我根本不想学英语。 (3)用于条件句，表示―真的‖。 If it rains tomorrow at all, we will put off the sports meet. 如果明天真的下雨，我们就把运动会推迟。 (4)用于陈述句，表示―确实‖。 It took me a long time to write an answer to your letter at all. 给你写回信确实花了我很长时间。 特别提示: at all用在句子里都是为了加强语气。 联想扩展: (1)in all 总计;合计 There are over 2000 students in this school in all. 这个学校总共有两千多学生。 (2)after all 毕竟;终究;别忘了 The little boy can’t lift the heavy box, after all, he is only five. 小男孩提不起那个重箱子，毕竟，他只有五岁。 (3)above all 最重要的是 When you are studying English, you should remember the new words, learn some grammar, above all, you should study hard. 学英语时，你要记单词，学语法，最重要的是，你要努力学习。 即时活用: 1、I thought I was going to fail the exam, but I succeeded _______. A.first all B.in all C.at all D.after all 答案:D 2、I would like to rent a flat, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet environment. A. after all B. at all C. in all D. above all 答案:D 3、______, you must tell us the truth, then we will find a way to help you to get out of the trouble. A. After all B. In all C. At all D. First of all 答案:D 4、Children need many things, _______, they need love. A. after all B. first of all C. last of all D. at last 答案:B 7、When this was not allowed… only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 当这一点不被允许…只有这个时候我们才决定以武力对武力。 allow vt. 允许;同意 用法归纳; (1)+ n. Most teachers don’t allow noise in their classes. 大部分老 师不允许上课时有声音。 (2)+doing We don’t allow smoking in offices. 我们不允许在办公室吸 烟。 (3)allow sb. to do sth. Does your English teacher allow you to speak Chinese in his class? 你们英语老师允许你们在英语课上说汉语吗, 特别提示: (1)forbid―禁止‖和allow 意思完全相反，但用法完全相同。 (2)千万记住，没有 agree sb. to do sth. 句型。 即时活用: blow one’s own horn 自吹自擂 blow one’s top 怒发冲冠 blow over 被淡忘 blow out 熄火;爆裂 8、You can’t imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. 你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。 imagine vt.想象;设想 用法归纳: (1)+n. Some people always imagine illnesses that don’t exist. 有些人总是现象得了根本没有的疾病。 (2)+从句 As I lie in bed I like to imagine that I am a student in the classroom. 躺在床上我总是喜欢想象我是一个学生，正在教室上课。 I can’t imagine why they are against him. 我不能想象他们为什么反对他。 (3)+ doing I can’t imagine living without electricity. 我不敢想象如果没电该怎么生活。 (4)imagine + O + doing The fans can’t imagine Hou Yaohua lying on TV. 粉丝们不能想象侯耀华在电视上说假话。 联想扩展 inagination n. 想象力 易混辨析: imaginary 和imaginative 两个词都是形容词，但imaginary表示―想象出来的;虚构的‖。而imaginative表示―有想象力的‖。 Ghosts are imaginary. 鬼怪是想象出来的。 His imaginative writing made him a great writer. 他富有想象力的写作使他成为了一个伟大的作家。 即时活用: I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 答案:B 9、However, the police found out and told my boss that I hade been in prison for blowing up government buildings. 但是，警察发现了我的事情并且告诉了我的老板，由于炸毁了一 些政府大楼我曾经坐过牢。 find out 发现;了解 用法归纳: (1)+ 名词或代词 We must find out the truth of the matter. 我们应该了解事情 的真相。 You will be sorry if we find out the secret. 如果我们发现那 个秘密你会很不好看的。 (2)+连接代词或连接副词+to do If you keep on practising, you will soon find out how to drive a car. 如果你不停的练习，你很快就会发现怎么开车的。 (3)+ that从句 How did you find out that he had had an H1N1 flu? 你是怎 么发现他得甲流的, (4)+连接代词或连接副词引导的从句 I haven’t found out who broke the window. 我还没有了解 到是谁把窗子打破的。 特别提示: (1)find 和find out都能表示―发现‖，但find表示结果;find out表示过程。 (2)find有find + O + OC句型;find out没有这个句型。 即时活用: 1、---Mark, I failed in the exam again. I’m so upset. ---Don’t worry. I think the first thing ______ is ______your weak points. A. to do, find out B. being done, to find out C. to do, to hold out D. being done, hold out 答案:A 2、– When will the plane arrive? --- I will tell you when __________. A. I have been finding out B. I find out C. I am finding out D. I will find out 答案:B 3、Tom is badly ill in hospital. The doctors are trying their best to______ what’s the matter with him. A. find out B. find C. invent D. discover 答案:A 4、– When will the plane arrive? --- I will tell you when __________. A. I have been finding out B. I find out C. I am finding out D. I will find out 答案:B 10、They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 他们说新南非政府给我的工作和工资是对我一生致力于为黑 人平等权利而工作的奖赏。 易混辨析: award , prize , reward 奖 award ―奖，奖品‖。对于优异成绩获卓越贡献经过评定后正式授 予的奖励。奖励可以是精神的，也可以是物质的。其获得这并不一定 参加某种竞赛，但其成绩却达到获奖水平。 prize ―奖赏，奖品‖。确认某人在竞赛中取得优异成绩并给与特 殊奖励。含有优胜者几经拼搏，胜利来之不易的意思。广义指极好的 东西，珍品。 reward ―报答，酬劳‖不指荣誉，指应得的报酬。 即时活用: It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _____. A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results 答案:A 11、 We were surprised when he left University to set up his own company ―Microsoft‖ and make his own software. 当他离开大学建立自己的公司―微软‖并且制造软件时我们都感到惊奇。 易混辨析: set up; build; found; put up 建立 set up ―开办;建立‖。常和表示组织、机构、团体等意义的名词连用;与found基本相同，但found更着重打基础。 build ―建成;建设‖。常指建造较大物体。在表示建立一个商店、企业时多用start或open。 found 指建立国家、政权、组织。 put up 指―临时搭建‖。着重指建造或搭起具有高度的具体的物体。 联想扩展: set about 开始;散布 set back 往回拨;推迟 set aside 挑出;不顾;不理会 set apart 使分离;留出 set forth 动身;启程;阐明 set off 动身;出发;引爆 set oneself against 坚决反对 set out 动身;开始;装饰;摆放 set out to do sth 着手做 set about doing sth着手做 即时活用: 1、________in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States . A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 答案:C 2、It’s ten years since the scientist _____ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical. A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up 答案:B 3、Having decided to rent a flat, we _____ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. A. set about B. set down C. set out D. set up 答案:A 4、Rita ______ two hours every Sunday afternoon to spend with her son. A. set out B. set away C. set aside D. set off 答案:C 5、The funny story ____ a loud laugh in the classroom. A. got off B. set off C. took off D. turned out 答案:C 12、Even the government is against him and has tried to break his company into two parts. 甚至连政府都反对他，并且试图把他的公司一分为二。 against prep. 反对 用法归纳: (1)be against A. 反对 Who is really against you? 谁真正的反对你, B. 与…不利 Everything here is against me. 这里的一切都与我不利。 (2)go against A. 与…不利 = be against B. 违背;违反 Students’ smoking goes against the school rules. 学生吸 烟是违反校规的。 特别提示: against 作介词表示―反对‖时，翻译比较灵活。 Don’t kick the ball against the wall. 别对着墙踢球。 We wen home against the wind yesterday. 昨天我们逆着 风回家。 即时活用: The boy was late. He tried to enter the classroom without being noticed by the teacher, but luck______ him. A. went with B. went against C. went along D. went over 答案:B 13、Choose the words or expressions from the brackets to complete the passage below. 从括号中选词或短语完成下面短文。 complete 用法归纳: (1)作形容词 A. 完全的;完整的 This is a complete story. 这是一个完整的故事。 You are completely wrong. 你完全错了。 B. 完成 The building is complete now. 大楼建成了。 (2)做及物动词 A. 完成 =finish The building has been completed. 大楼已经建成了。 B. 使…完整或完善 I want to buy two more books to complete my set. 我想再买两本书使我的那套书完整。 易混辨析: achieve, complete, finish 和accomplish 完成 achieve 指完成伟大事业。 complete 强调使某物完善完整。 finish 强调事情的终结。 accomplish 指成功地完成预期的计划、任务等。 即时活用: 1、When____, the museum will be open to the public next year. A.completing B.completed C.being completed D.to be completed 答案: B 2、I need one more stamp before my collection ______. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completing 答案:C 3、I have ______ works of Shakespeare. I have spent $ 300. A. completed B. a complete C. finished D. a completed 答案:B 4、I need one more _______ my collection of Bird stamp. A. to complete B. to have completed C. finishing D. to have finished 答案:A 5、I have ______ works of Shakespeare. I have spent $ 300. A. completed B. a complete C. finished D. a completed 答案:B 定语从句:(where，when，why) 介词+which/whom