大学英语六级翻译技巧

大学英语六级翻译技巧 大学英语六级翻译技巧 1)分句法 把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子.使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子 如:八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作 译: It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句) 2)合句法 把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。 例:她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。 译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句) 3)正译法 就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。 例:我们强烈反对公司的新政策 译: We strongly object the company's new policy. 4)反译法 就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语. 例:酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走 译文:Only five consumers remained in the bar. 5)顺序法 顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序.不会影明对原文内容的理解. 例:即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时，电仍然为我们工作:开动电冰箱，把水加热或使室内空调机继续运转。 Even when we tum off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 在句子中.句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句,后半句的"开动"，"加热"，"使„„运转"都是"电在为我们工作"的具体内容。因而在译文中，译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing形式。 补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思.采用顺序法翻译，达到了“精确，通顺”的目的 6〕逆序法 逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力，按原文语序反向翻译.以便更好地传达原文的内容。 例:他经常做礼拜的时候.总坐在固定的座位上.可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。 They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship. 7增词法 译文中添加一些原文没有的词句，表面上看似不忠实于原文，但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有，而是隐含在原文中的。要知道，从一种语言文字向另一种语言文字转换,有时可以找到一种语言文字在另一种语言文字中的对等词,然而要想全部依赖对等词的转换来达到翻译的目的是几乎不可能的。不同语言文字所持有的习惯仍决定了必须根据其中一种语言文字的习惯来适当地增词(或减词)达到多语言交际的目的。如果机械地按照字面意义直译，不仅不能表达原文的思想、精神与形象，而且还会使译文前 后矛盾，闹出笑话。试想，如把“七擒孟获”机械译成:to catch /capture MengHuo for 7 times，不同文化背景的外国读者就很难真正理解这个典故的内涵。 例:听到你平安的消息，非常高兴 译文:I was very glad on hearing that you were in safety!(增补主语) 除了在翻译时要注意及时增补语法功能词之外，有时还需要增补与汉语文化内涵相关的信息。如:“三个臭皮匠，抵个诸葛亮”应当译文:Three cobblers with their wits combined equal ZhuGeLiang,the master mind.译文里the master mind就是个增补注释性表达，否则外国人不可能知道ZhuGeLiang是谁. 8)减词法 减词是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语，避免拖泥带水。如“他们开始研究近况, 分析近况”中的两个‘近况”可以省略一个,只译成They began to study and analyze the recent situation.因为原汉语句中的两个近况是为了强调，但英文里如果也译成两个the recentsituation,不仅显得罗嗦，也不符合英文表达习惯。 例:这种制度，条件成熟的可以实行，条件不成熟的不要实行 译文:This system can be adopted where conditions are ripe and not otherwise.(省略原文中重复 出现的词语) 9)词性转换 词性转换不仅是重要的译词手段.也是常用的句法转换变通手段.是一种常用的翻译技巧。 说白了，就是在必要的时候，将原文中的某个词的词性在译文里用其他词性表达出来。这 却能更准确传达出原文内涵。本部种转换会使译文更加灵活变通，不必拘泥于原文形式， 分内容主要从汉译英入手。从四个方面加以说明。 1、汉语动词的转换 汉语动词的使用频率远远高于英语，这是因为按照英语句法，受主谓关系的限制，一个简单 句或分句大多只有一个谓语动词。而且，英语还可以通过谓语动词以外各种词性的词来体现 动词意义。因此将汉语句子里的动词转换为英语里其他词性的词是翻译中的常用技巧之一。 例:这本反映了30年代的中国社会 译文:The book is a reflection of Chinese society in the 1930s(将汉语动词转换为英语名词) 2、汉语名词的转换 英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的副词、形容词等。在汉译英时，汉语中 的名词常常可以产生一些转换,从而更简洁有力地表达原文。 例:他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员 译文:They did their best to help the sick and the wounded(汉语名词转换为英语副词) 3、汉语形容词的转换 在汉译英时，汉语的形容词往往可以译成英语中的名词或副词，这些名词或副词通常具有抽 象意义，而且往往由某些形容词派生而来。 例:我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是困难的 译文:We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.(汉语形容词转换为英语名词) 4、汉语副词的转换 有时出于修辞和句法结构的需要，往往把汉语中的副词用英语其他词性的词来表达，这也是翻译中的一个常用技巧 例:独立思考对学习是绝对必须的 译文:Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.(汉语副词转换为英语名词) 10)综合法 有些句子单独使用一种翻译是很难翻译好的，需要用几种方法进行综合处理，然后再按照时间顺序，主从结构或逻辑关系等重新排列，即进行句子重组。 例 :除了服务于说本族语者的需要外，英语也是科学、技术和其他领域一些重要著作编撰时所使用的语言，这些著作并非总是由以英语为母语的人所编撰的. 译文:English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology and other fields are being produced,not always by native speakers,besides serving the needs of its native speakers. 由英文转换到中文的例子: 例 The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance,because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. 译文:对人们来说，知识的技能及其应用是同样必不可少的，并且也是至关重要的，因为它们也有助于对人类本身下定义，同时允许人类追求日益真实的人的生活。 必背翻译句型 1.All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. 2.After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test. 3.Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them. 4.They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning. 5.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, which, of course, made the others jealous. 6.No matter how frequently performed, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. 7.Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests. 8.The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain. 9.Your hair wants cutting,. You’d better have it done tomorrow. 10.Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. 11.Homework done on time will lead to better grades. 12.Had it not been for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. 13.Realizing that he hadn’t enough money and not wanting to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch. 14.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now. 15.Published as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. 16.I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. 17.Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. 18.As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. 9.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys being encouraged to go to school. 20.You see the lightning the instant it happens, but you hear the thunder later. 精选英语翻译题集训 1.I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.(跟得上班上的其他同学) 2(___________(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital. 3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,________________(正如预料的那样). 4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much__________(是一门科学，也是一门艺术). 5. Some women ___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family. 6(Over a third of the population was estimated_________(无法获得) to the health service. 7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.8 3(. The price of beer____________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season. 9.We'd like __________________(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this evening. 10. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means____________(想找麻烦). 11. It may be necessary to stop__________________________(每隔...时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons. 12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______________(伤害自己). 13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_______________(忙着准备) her examination. 14. The ship's generator broke down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically. 15. Why didn't you tell me you could me the money? I___________________________ (本来不必从银行借钱的) 16(By the time you get to New York, I____________(已经动身去) London. 17. Buying clothes______________________(是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her. 18. It's time_____________________(采取) about the traffic problem downtown. 19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon______________(克服了这种心理). 20. Please don't stand in the kitchen, you're________________(挡路了). 197 21(There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ____________(打扰我) that evening. 22._____________________(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation. 23.When I __________________(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.2 4. The manager would rather his daughter__________________(不在一个办公室内工作). 25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_______________(最终因天气不好而取消了). 173 26(I__________________(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon. 27. How close parents are to their children_________________ __(有很强的影响) the character of the children. 28. But for his help, I _____________________(我不可能这么早完成). 29. His remarks left me ____________________________(想知道他的真实目的).3 4(. Mark often____________________________(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 31(If this can't be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to______________(诉助武力). 32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________(肯定没打扫过). 33. Everybody knows he____________________________(受到了冤枉指控). 34. He wears a pair of sunglasses________________________(惟恐被别人认出来). 35. She never dreams of _______________________(被派到国外). 124 36. If you won't agree to our plan,_____________________(他们也不会同意). 37. I should say Henry is _______________________(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter. 38. _____________________(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles. 39. If you don't like to swim, you ____________(不妨待在家里). 40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you____________________(弄脏了新地毯). 100 41(Frankly speaking, I'd rather you ________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being. 42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children. 43. John seems a nice person, ___________________(即使这样), I don't trust him. 44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________(正在研制) and perfected now. 45. What a lovely party! It's worth_________________(牢记一生). 76 46(Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________(失去联系) the outside world. 47. Cancer is _________________(仅次于) heart disease as a cause of death. 48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have ______________(这么好的天气) .49. I would ______________(不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadn't been so desperate. 50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _________________(更不用说出国了). 51(I don't mind your_____________(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late. 52. I suggested he ____________________(使自己适应)his new conditions. 53. I have no objection_______________________(再听听你的故事). 54. This popular sports car___________________(正在生产出来)out at the rate of a thous and a week. 55. _____________________________ (请你找张空白纸)and write your name at the top? 参考答案: experiment 1. keeping up with the rest of the 27. has a strong influence on class. 28. would not have finished so early 2. none of us expected the chairman 29. wondering about his real purpose to turn up 30. attempts to escape being fined 3. as was to be expected 31. resort to force 4. an art as it is a science32. can't have been cleaned 5. could have made a good salary. 33. was wrongly accused/charged 6. to have no access 34. for fear that he should be 7. to students' being late for recognized 8. ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4 35. being sent abroad 9. to reserve a table for 36. neither will they 10. to make trouble 37. not so much a writer 11. at intervals 38. Believe it or not 12. injure himself 39. may just as well stay at home 13. busy preparing for 40. stain the new carpet 14. had to be operated manually 41. didn't do anything 15. needn't have borrowed it from the 42. play indispensable roles bank. 43. Even so 16. shall have left for 44. are being developed 17. is often a very time-consuming job 45. remembering all my life 18. something was done/some measures 46. lose contact with were taken 47. second only to 19. overcame it/got over it 48. such fine weather 20. in the way 49. have never resorted to 21. had interrupted me 50. not to speak of/not to mention/let 22. it is because she is too alone going abroad inexperienced 51. delaying making 23. caught him cheating me 52. should adapt himself to 53. 24. did not work in the same office to hearing your story again 25. was finally called off/cancelled 54. is now being turned because of the bad weather 55. Could you take a blank sheet of paper? 26. will be doing/conducting the