高考基本能力体育知识点总结

高考基本能力体育知识点总结 第一章 启动积极的运动方程式 课标 1. 了解常见的运动项目。 2. 明确准备活动与整理活动的好处。 3. 明确易发生的运动损伤及其防治。 4. 锻炼计划(运动处方)的制定。 课标解读 1. 从1896年首届现代奥运会的9大项到2008年北京奥运会的28大项、302小项，我们足以对运动项目的阵容窥见一斑。 2. 准备活动与整理活动是安全锻炼、科学健身不可缺少的两个环节，他们可以使运动的整个过程首尾呼应，相得益彰。 3. 运动损伤是体育运动中经常发生的事情，掌握运动损伤的防治知识是运动过程中必备的锦囊。 4. 运动处方是指针对个人的身体状况，采用处方的形式规定健身者锻炼的内容和运动量的方法。其特点是因人而异，对"症"下药。 基础归纳 一、 启动积极的运动方程式 1、现代奥运会项目 夏季奥运会:28大项--田径、水上项目、举重、自行车、射箭、射击、篮球、排球、足球、手球、乒乓球、网球、羽毛球、棒球、曲棍球、垒球、体操、击剑、摔跤、柔道、跆拳道、拳击、赛艇、皮划艇、帆船、马术、现代五项(射击、击剑、游泳、马术、越野跑)、 铁人三项(游泳、自行车、长跑)。 冬季奥运会:6大项--滑雪、滑冰、冰球、雪橇、冰舞、现代冬季两项(越野滑雪和射击相结合的雪上运动项目)。 2、运动之母--田径运动 田径运动是一切运动的基石，被称为运动之母。国际业余田径联合会章程对田径运动下的定义是:田赛和径赛 、公路赛、竞走和越野赛。以时间计算成绩的竞走和跑的项目，叫"径赛"。以高度和远度计算成绩的跳跃、投掷项目叫"田赛"。 径赛类 径赛类项目以决赛成绩判定该项目最终名次，而不以预、次、复赛的成绩判定最终名次。名次的判定以运动员躯干(不 包括头、颈、四肢)的任何部分抵达终点线后沿垂直面的先后顺序为主。 400米以下各项，运动员应采用蹲距式起跑(正式比赛必须使用起跑器)，对运动员第一次起跑犯规给予警告，对第二次犯规的任一运动员取消其比赛规格。 接力跑时，运动员应手持接力棒跑完全程，如发生掉棒，需由掉棒人拾起，如在拾起过程中缩短比赛距离或侵犯其他队员则取消其比赛资格。所有交接棒的过程均必须在接力区内完成。传接棒方法:"上挑式"、"下压式"、"混合式"。 跨栏时，运动员必须跨越10个栏架，除故意用手推或用脚踢倒栏架外，其他部位碰倒栏架不算犯规。跨栏跑比赛项目男子有110M栏和400M栏，女子有100M栏和400M栏。 田赛类 * 跳高 跳高有跨越式，剪式，滚式，俯卧式，背越式5种姿势。任何高度上只要连续3次试跳失败，即失去继续比赛资格。 * 撑杆跳高 运动员双手握住一根特制的杆子，经过快速助跑后，借助杆子的反弹力量，使身体腾起，跃过横杆。运动员一般都自带撑竿参加比赛。比赛时，运动员必须将撑竿插在插斗内起跳;起跳离地后，握竿的手不得向上移动。 * 跳远 跳远的3种姿势:蹲踞式、挺身式和走步式。 丈量试跳成绩时，应以身体任何部分在着地区表面留下的痕迹，与起跳线或其延长线间的最短距离为准。其名次由全部试跳中(包含预决赛)最好的一次试跳成绩来判定。 * 三级跳远 三级跳远是助跑之后连续进行3次跳跃。第一跳为单足跳，用起跳腿落地;第二跳为跨步跳，用摆动腿落地;第三跳为跳跃，必须用双脚落入沙坑 * 铅球 正式比赛男子铅球为7.26 公斤;女子铅球的重量为4公斤。推铅球技术分为原地投掷、侧身滑步投掷、背向滑步投掷、旋转投掷。 出球角度:38?,42? 。斜抛运动:利用力学原理S,V02sin a /g。 * 铁饼 运动员应该在直径2.50米的圈内将饼掷出，铁饼必须落在40度的角度线内方为有效 * 标枪 掷标枪时，不得抛甩，只有标枪枪尖先于标枪的其他部位触地，且标枪必须完全落在角度线内沿以内方有效。开始试掷后，如果身体任何部位触及投掷弧、助跑道标志线及以外地面，均判试掷失败。 * 链球 3、力与美的结合--体操类项目 按照教科中的分类，体操包括竞技体操、艺术体操、蹦床、健美操、技巧5个竞技型项目。目前，竞技体操、艺术体操、蹦床同属奥运会体操项目，艺术体操是奥运会女子比赛项目。艺术体操、自由体操必须有音乐伴奏。 竞技体操比赛男子项目有:自由体操、鞍马、吊环、跳马、双杠、单杠;女子项目为:跳马、高低杠、平衡木、自由体操。 4、水上运动 泳姿介绍:世界正规游泳比赛是四种泳姿，分为蝶泳,仰泳,蛙泳和自由泳。 花样游泳:是女子体育项目。20世纪20年代起源于德国、英国等欧洲国家，原为游泳比赛间歇时的水中表演项目，由游泳、技巧、舞蹈和音乐编排而成，有"水中芭蕾"之称。 5、冰雪运动 冰雪运动包括短道速滑、高山滑雪、冰球运动、冬季两项、花样滑冰等，其中花样滑冰是运动与艺术的结合。 6、 民族民间体育活动 * 蒙古族的摔跤、赛马叼羊 * 回族的踢毽、拔河 * 藏族的大象拔河、赛牦牛 * 壮族:抢花炮、板鞋 * 朝鲜族的跳板、秋千 7、新兴体育运动 峡谷漂流、滑板、轮滑、攀岩、蹦极、定向运动、小轮车等。 二、 准备活动与整理活动 1、准备活动: 指进行较剧烈运动前所做的一系列低负荷的伸展性身体练习。 准备活动的好处:可以逐渐提高中枢神经系统的兴奋性，克服机体的生理惰性;作为剧烈运动前的预热，可以增强机体的新陈代谢，保证体能的正常发挥;有助于改变血流方向，在正式运动时使更多的血液流向肌肉，为肌肉输送更多的养料和氧气;可以提高肌肉和关节韧带的弹性，降低粘滞性，使关节腔内滑液增多，预防肌肉和韧带拉伤。准备活动的时间越短，遭遇运动损伤的几率越大，准备活动时间一般为3---5分钟。 2、 整理活动: 指较剧烈的体育运动结束时所做的放松练习。整理活动的量不可过大，要通过强度递减的运动方式逐渐结束运动，而非突然停顿下来，立刻坐下或马上淋浴。 整理活动的好处:有助于血液返回心脏，促进运动中代谢物的排出，加速运动后的体力恢复。通过舒展肌肉群，可以有效的防止肌肉痉挛，缓解运动后的肌肉酸痛。 3、运动损伤 运动过程中发生的各种损伤称为运动损伤。 关节扭伤: 内因:技术掌握不好、协调性差，关节周围肌肉力量小、生理结构不佳、疲劳产生、体力差。 外因:准备活动不够、场地滑、器材使用不当、内容不好(动作速度快、转、跳多)。 预防:准备活动充分、了解设备使用、循序渐进、自己速度放慢。 处理:24小时前为急性期 方法:停止运动、冷敷、包扎、抬高受伤部位。 24小时后为恢复期:可采用伤药，配合按摩、理疗、热敷等。 运动腹痛: 原因1:肝脾淤血，慢性腹部疾病。 原因2:呼吸肌痉挛(准备活动不够，肺透气低，运动与呼吸不协调)。 原因3:胃肠痉挛(运动前吃得过饱、饭后过早运动，空腹或喝水太多)。 预防:运动前健康检查，合理安排运动饮食，不空腹、喝水太多运动。 处理:减慢运动速度、加深呼吸、调整运动呼吸节奏、手按疼痛部位，严重时可停止运动，口服减痉挛药物(阿托品、十滴水)。 三、 锻炼计划的制定(运动处方) 锻炼计划构成要素 制定锻炼计划的要求 田径耐久跑锻炼计划案例 锻炼项目 可根据锻炼目的，有针对性的选择锻炼项目。例如:为了改善心肺功能，宜选择以有氧代谢为主的走、慢跑、游泳、自行车等。为了强壮肌肉宜选择力量性项目。为了放松心情宜选择太极拳、散步、放松操等。 1、跑走交替(1000-1200米):一般适合刚刚参加耐久跑锻炼的人。2、定时匀速跑(8-12分钟)或定距离匀速跑(1000---1600米):适合有一定锻炼基础的人。3、变速跑(1200-1600米):适合心肺耐力较好的人。4、自然环境跑或越野跑(一般采用定时跑方式15-20分钟)。 锻炼强度 锻炼强度可用最大吸氧量百分比、心率等表示。一般来说，中等强度对人体的身心健康最为有利。 根据自身心肺耐力水平确定锻炼强度，建议将锻炼时的有效心率控制在120-140次/分钟，或最大吸氧量的50-85%。 锻炼频率 锻炼间隔时间过长或过短都会影响锻炼的效果，锻炼频率一般保持每周在3次以上。 每周3-4次，且隔日锻炼效果最佳。 锻炼时间 每次锻炼持续时间的长短应该根据个人情况，医学检查，锻炼频率大小而定，但每次锻炼时间应在30分钟以上。 每次锻炼持续30-40分钟。 附:计算最大心率:220-年龄 测定安静心率:至少静坐15分钟-25分钟后测得的心率 计算心率储备:最大心率-安静心率 计算目标心率(靶心率):心率储备(50-85%)+安静心率 (当人体在靶心率范围内时，一般都能收到最佳的锻炼效果，并保证锻炼的安全性。) 难点突破 例题分析 由于人们生活水平的提高，再加上运动量减少，白领阶层中的"胖子"越来越多了。身体肥胖不仅给行动带来不便，更对身体健康造成很大危害。24岁白领张丽身高160CM，体重80KG。由于超体重的肥胖给张丽工作、生活带来了不便，更是对健康构成很大的危害，减肥问题已经引起张丽的高度重视。尽管对人们减肥有多种多样的说法和做法，但张丽调查研究发现:减肥的关键在于运动。目前，专家们认为，要减肥一是节制饮食，二是加强运动，即减少摄入的热量或者努力消耗体内的热量。所以说值得大力提倡的是两个方面:一是平衡膳食，另一个就是运动。美国专家的调查表明，要使减肥持久支持下去，除了有节制地减少摄入的热量外，必须增加运动量。 那么请你给张丽制定一个科学有效的锻炼计划。 解析: 1.运动项目: 长跑、步行、游泳、划船、爬山等，也可练习有氧体操。 2.运动强度: 一般运动强度，可达本人最大吸氧量的50-85%。 3.运动频率: 由于青年肥胖者多有减肥的主观愿望，自觉性较强，为提高减肥效果，运动频率可适当增大，一般每周锻炼3--4次为宜。 4.运动时间: 每次运动时间不少于40分钟，持续时间可视减肥要求而定。晚饭前两小时运动最佳。 第二章 强身健体 课标要求 1. 明确体能的构成。 2. 获得健康体能和运动体能方面的基本知识。 3. 正确划分有氧运动与无氧运动。 课标解读 体能即机体适应环境的能力，具体地说就是当一个人能安全有效地应付日常生活中各种需求而无过度疲劳感，并且仍 有剩余精力从事闲暇和娱乐活动时，可以称他是一个体能好的人。体能分成与健康有关的体能和与运动技能有关体能两大 类。 基础归纳: 一、体能的构成 体能 健康的体能 运动体能 成分 1、心肺耐力 2、肌肉力量和肌肉耐力 3、柔韧性 4、身体成分 1、速度 2、爆发力 3、灵敏性 4、平衡性 5、协调性 6、反应时 目的 1、保持身体健康 2、提高生活质量 1、提高运动技能水平 2、增大比赛中获胜的几率 二、与健康有关的体能 1、心肺耐力:是指呼吸及循环系统在活动时提供氧气及营养，以满足长时间身体活动身体所需要的能力，是评定人体健康体能的重要指标之一。 适宜的项目:选择中低强度、持续时间长的运动比较适宜，如步行、慢跑、有氧操、游泳、越野滑雪、球类、跳绳、骑自行车、登山等有氧运动， 有氧运动的目的在于增强心肺耐力。 有氧运动是指人体在氧气充分供应的情况下进行的体育锻炼。也就是说，在运动过程中，人体吸入的氧气与需求相等，达到生理上的平衡状态。简单来说,是指任何富韵律性的运动,其 运动时间较长(约15分钟或以上),运动强度在中等或中上的程度(最大心率之75%至85%)。是不是"有氧运动"。衡量的标准是心率，它的特点是强度低，有节奏，持续时间较长。 2、肌肉力量和肌肉耐力:肌肉所能发挥的最大力量即肌肉力量;肌肉耐力指肌肉持续工作的能力。 适宜的项目:田径运动是发展肌肉力量和肌肉耐力的有效途径。 无氧运动是指肌肉在"缺氧"的状态下高速剧烈的运动。无氧运动大部分是负荷强度高、瞬间性强的运动，所以很难持续长时间，而且疲劳消除的时间也慢。无氧运动的最大特征是:运动时氧气的摄取量非常低。由于速度过快及爆发力过猛，人体内的糖分来不及经过氧气分解，而不得不依靠"无氧供能"。这种运动会在体内产生过多的乳酸，运动后感到肌肉酸痛，呼吸急促。要是想让自己的身体更强壮一些，可以到健身房去参加无氧运动。常见的无氧运动项目有:如赛跑、举重、投掷、跳高、跳远、拔河、肌力训练等。 3、柔韧性:指身体某关节的活动幅度以及跨过该关节的肌肉、韧带、肌腱、皮肤等组织的弹性和伸展能力。 适宜的项目:徒手的身体练习，如压腿。体操、武术等项目也是发展柔韧性的可取方式。 4、身体成分:身体成分由你身体中的脂肪成分和非脂肪成分两部分组成。 糖、脂肪、蛋白质被称为人体细胞的"燃料"，其中脂肪是人体最大的燃料库。经常参加慢跑、游泳等时间较长(至少30分钟)、强度较小的运动可以防止脂肪在体内过多储存，是使fat变fit的有效途径。 三、与运动有关的体能 1、速度:是指身体或身体某部分在短时间内快速运动的能力。速度在物理学上是指单位时间内的位移。 影响跑速的因素 通过跑步发展速度的方式有小步跑变加速跑、高抬腿跑变加速跑、后蹬跑变加速跑、车轮跑变加速跑、放松大步跑等。 2、爆发力:在最短时间内，以最大的加速度克服一定阻力的能力就是爆发力。 影响爆发力的因素有力量、距离和时间等。 排球运动中的扣球，田径运动中的铅球和标枪的投掷都是发展爆发力的有效途径。 3、灵敏性:是指人体迅速改变体位、转换动作和随机应变的能力，是运动者各种运动技能和体能在运动中的综合表现。 灵敏性可以提高大脑皮层神经传导过程的灵活性，能发展快速反应的能力，可以提高速度和动作的准确性、协调性，能更快地掌握多种多样的动作技能。 灵敏性可以通过健美操、体育舞蹈、武术、体操、篮球等项目改善。 4、协调性:是指身体各部分在时间和空间上相互配合，准确、合理、有效地完成动作的能力，主要反映一个人的视觉、听觉、平衡觉与运动技能相结合的能力。 田径运动中的跨栏跑是集速度、爆发力、灵敏性、协调性、平衡性等诸多体能于一身的运动形式，对发展协调性更有难以取代的作用。 四、《学生体质健康标准》 1、《学生体质健康标准》要求中学生测试哪些项目, 根据《学生体质健康标准》的要求，中学生需要完成六项测试，分别是身高、体重、肺活量、台阶试验或耐力跑、50米跑或立定跳远、握力或仰卧起坐(女生)或坐位体前屈。 2、为什么要选择这些测试项目,《学生体质健康标准》中所选择的测试项目，突出了发展和改善身体健康素质的内容要素，旨在促进对学生健康有直接影响且关系密切的身体成分、心血管系统的功能、肌肉的力量和耐力以及柔韧性的改善、发展与提高。 3、为什么要设立选测项目, 选测项目的设立旨在引导学生全面地锻炼身体;减轻学生、教师和学校测试工作的负担;强调全面锻炼身体的过程;实现教学内容和测试项目分开，克服考什么学什么、测什么练什么的应试教育弊端， 保证体育与健康课教学活动的正常进行。 4、身高标准体重有何意义, 身高标准体重是指身高与体重两者的比例应在正常的范围。它通过身高与体重一定的比例关系，反映人体的围度、宽度和厚度以及人体的密度。是评价人体形态发育水平和营养状况及身体匀称度的重要指标。 5、台阶试验指数是高好还是低好, 台阶试验指数是反映人体心血管系统机能状况的重要指数。台阶试验指数值越大，则反映你心血管系统的机能水平越高;反之亦然。经常参加有氧代谢运动，可提高你心血管系统的机能水平。 6、为什么要进行耐力跑测试, 耐力跑是国内外评价心血管系统机能水平最简便的方法之一。心血管机能水平高的人在跑相同距离时所用的时间相对要少。因此，如果你的心血管系统机能较强，就能在耐力测试中取得好成绩。 7、为什么采用肺活量体重指数进行评价, 肺活量是评价人体呼吸系统机能状况的一个重要指标。由于肺活量的大小，与体重、身高、胸围等因素有着密切的关系。因此，为了将学生身体发育的不同步因素在肺脏机能的评价中得以体现，所以 选用了肺活量体重指数。 8、50米跑测试有何意义, 虽然50米跑动作结构简单，但它可反映你神经过程的灵活性、身体的协调性、关节和肌肉的柔韧性以及肌肉的力量和耐力。 9、握力体重指数的含义是什么, 握力主要反映了你前臂和手部肌肉的力量，同时也与其他肌群的力量有关，而且还是反映肌肉总体力量的一个很好的指标。握力体重指数反映的是你肌肉的相对力量，即每公斤体重的握力。 10、仰卧起坐的测试目的是什么, 仰卧起坐测试是评价肌肉力量和耐力的方法之一，由于它能比较安全的测试肌肉的力量和耐力，所以受到广泛的欢迎和应用。在做仰卧起坐时，主要是腹肌在起作用，髋部肌肉也参与了工作，因此这种测试既评价了你腹肌的耐力，也反映了你髋部肌肉的耐力。由于女生这两部分肌肉的力量和耐力与其某些生理功能有密切的联系，因此将仰卧起坐单独列为女生的一个选测项目。 11、立定跳远是测量腿部肌肉的力量吗, 立足跳远主要是测量你向前跳跃时下肢肌肉的爆发力。腿部的爆发力是以腿部的力量为基础。 12、坐位体前屈测试与健康有关吗, 坐位体前屈测试反映的是关节和肌肉的柔韧性。柔韧性差意味着相应的关节和肌肉缺乏运动。 难点突破 例题分析 (07年高考样题)运动员在进行不同项目运动时，机体供能方式不同。对三种运动员项目的机体总需氧量、实际摄入氧量和血液中乳酸增加量进行测定，结果如下表。请在下表中"运动项目"一列填入正确的选项。 A(1000m跑 B(100m跑 C(马拉松跑 运动项目 总需氧量/L 实际摄入氧量/L 血液乳酸增加量 ?,,,,,, 8 0 未见增加 ?,,,,,, 16 2 显著增加 ?,,,,,, 600 589 略有增加 解析:?B ?A ?C 第三章 健身益心 课标要求 1. 了解体育锻炼怎样增强自我价值感(六点半疗法)。 2. 明确不同的体育锻炼能培养人不同的意志品质。 课标解读 规律的体育活动可以增强人的体质，促进身体的健康，预防和治疗心血管疾病、糖尿病、关节炎和骨质疏松等生理疾病。同时，体育活动还有助于增进心理健康，如体育活动可以改善情绪状态，完善个性心理品质，帮助确立良好的自我概念，改善认知方式，还可以作为心理治疗的一种手段等。因此，认识体育锻炼对人们健康的重要作用，可以养成长期锻炼习惯以及为促进全面发展奠定基础。 基础归纳 一、 促进智力发展 1、 掀起你的右脑风暴 研究发现:大脑的右半球对形状知觉、空间知觉、音乐知觉起主要作用，是图形的优势半球。左半球对言语、逻辑分析推理以及对事物的细节知觉起主要作用，是言语优势半球，左脑还支配着人们的右手，相对于发达的左脑，右脑则成了一个未被发掘的“宝库” 体育锻炼是发掘右半球的重要手段，一方面，人的身体协调、形象记忆、空间感都属于右脑的辖区，体育锻炼可以直接使右脑的相应部位兴奋;另一方面，体育活动多是整个身体的运动，可以活动我们平时不常用的左侧身体，使右脑充分得到锻炼。 2、 运动是你的“健脑丸” 体育活动具有直观性的特点，参加者必须综合地运用相关的感觉器官。各种器官的灵活运用可以促进人体的感知能力发展，改善人体中枢神经系统，增强大脑皮层的分析和综合能力，提高大脑思维的灵活性、协调性、反应速度等。经常参加体育锻炼还能有效发展你的空间和运动感知能力。 3、 运动帮你消除脑疲劳 生理学研究表明，脑疲劳与缺氧有关。体育活动能促进新陈代谢，加速血液循环，改善大脑供血、供氧情况，从而使头脑清醒，思维敏捷，在学习中保持旺盛精力。体育活动还能使大脑皮层的兴奋性增强，神经调控过程中的均衡性与灵活性提高，并改善中枢神经系统的功能，增强中枢神经系统对身体各器官系统的调节作用。 二、 增强自我价值感 自我价值感就是指个体对自身的一种感受，即面对一项挑战性任务时，个体对自己行为能力的主观评价和能力趋向的评价。 1、 自卑 所谓自卑是一种性格上的缺陷，表现为对自己的能力和品德评价过低，并伴随着羞怯、畏缩，甚至心灰意冷的情绪体验。心理学上提出“六点半疗法”，他要求自卑者早晨六点半准时起床，然后进行体育锻炼，用体育锻炼来对抗因自卑产生的惰性，最终克服自卑。 2、 自信?自负 自信就是自己相信自己，自信是认知的结果，是主观的信念。自负的人常常把自己的长处看得十分突出，对自己的能力评价过高，对别人的能力则评价过低。体育锻炼有助于你形成正确的自我价值感，避免盲目自大。 三、 调控情绪 古人云:喜伤心，怒伤肝，思伤脾，忧伤肺，恐伤肾。 1、 走出情绪的低谷 当你突发震惊、恐惧、极度愤怒或过分激动时，可以选择自己喜欢或擅长的体育运动。因为身体的大幅度活动可以使高涨的心理压力排出体外，体内由不良情绪亢奋引起的能量也就是放出来了，从而有效的缓解不良情绪。 2、 打造心情的屏障 体育运动之后，睡眠更好，学习更有效率，精力更加充沛，更加自信。 四、 培养坚强的意志品质 坚强的意志品质既是在克服困难的过程中表现出来的，又是在此过程中培养起来的，具体包括目的性、独立性、果敢性、坚忍性和自制性等意志品质。 运动项目 主要品质 次要品质 更次要品质 跑、滑冰、滑雪、游泳、自行车、划船、帆船 坚忍性 自制性 果敢性、独立性 体操、艺术体操、举重、田径运动、花样滑冰、射击 坚忍性 自制性 果敢性 目的性、独立性 滑雪、跳水、跳伞、摩托车、登山、马术 果敢性 坚忍性、自制性 独立性 球类项目 独立性 果敢性 自制性 拳击、击剑、摔跤 独立性 果敢性 自制性、坚忍性 答案:一、1.目的性、独立性、果敢性、坚忍性、自制性 2.缺氧 3.优势 怒 忧 恐 增强(减少) 4.独立性 果敢性 自制性 5.六点半疗法 六点半 6.自我认识不足 挫折的影响 过低期望 正确表现自己 学会补偿 善于战胜自己 7.很少关心别人，与他人疏远。 固执己见 ，唯我独尊 过度防卫，有明显的嫉妒心 接受批评 与他人平等相处 8. 爆发力 柔韧性 心肺耐力 速度、反应时 二、选择题BDABC ADABC 三、简答题1.乒乓、击剑、网球、羽毛球、拳击 2..长跑、游泳、 溜 冰、拳击、摔跤 3.要求自卑者 六点半起床，以体育锻炼........ 第四章 健身交友 课标要求 1、 通过体育锻炼培养竞争与合作的精神。 2、 让体育运动增强你的社会责任感。 课标解读 体育活动对于发展学生的社会适应能力具有独特的作用，经常参与体育活动的学生，合作和竞争意识、交往能力、对 集体的关心程度都会得到提高，而且，学生在体育活动中所获得的合作与交往的能力能迁移到日常的学习和生活中去，从 而提高学生的适应能力。 基础归纳 一、 体育运动促进人际关系。 二、 体育锻炼培养竞争与合作的精神。 体育运动的两大特性:竞争性与合作性。 1、 竞争 长期参加体育运动，有助于你形成较强的竞争意识。 2、 合作 体育运动的宗旨:竞争、合作、友谊、和平 三、 体育运动增强社会责任感 1、 你既有参加体育运动的权利，也有相应的各种义务。 2、 我为人人，人人为我。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.