数学学习评价的目的

数学学习的目的 通过数学学习评价提高课堂效率 -----孙延华 面对新课程改革的挑战～教师必须转变教学观念～多动脑筋～ 多想办法～我们不仅要优化课堂教学结构～改进教学～从提 高教师自身素质做起～还要搭建师生情感的桥梁～刺激学生学习 的动力～让学生积极主动的投入到课堂中～分享学习的快乐。 今天我就从数学评价的角度来谈谈怎样提高课堂效率。 对学生数学学习的评价首先是一个有、有目的的过程。针对学生而言～评价表现为以下几个目的:反映学生数学学习的成就和进步～激励学生的数学学习,诊断学生在学习中存在的困难～及时调整和改善教学过程,全面了解学生数学学习的历程～帮助学生认识自己在解题策略、思维方法或学习习惯上的长处和不足,使学生形成正确的学习预期～形成对数学积极的态度、情感和价值观～帮助学生认识自我～树立信心。针对教师而言～评价表现为:用发展的眼光评价学生～树立长远的目标,了解学生学习的进展和遇到的问题,及时创新我们的教学～促进学生主动学习～用心的给予语言的评价～使学生亲进学习～更有利于学生发展。 关于数学学习评价我主要包从以下四个方面阐述: 一、用发展的眼光评价学生～树立长远的目标。 学生刚刚升入初一～在思维方式、学习方法、学习、生活方式都与小学有很大的不同～还没有适应中学的老师、中学的学coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 习时间、中学的学习要求～这时表现出来的学习品质不一定就是他最终的结果～所以我们老师这时不要过早的对学生进行定性的平价。譬如当学生作业不尽如意时、当学生回答的问题不是我们想要的答案时～当学生茅塞不开的时候、当学生上课没有投入的时候、当学生因为宿舍关系没有处理好影响上课效果的时候～我们不要轻易的说“你不行”、“你真差”“你肯定考不上”“你真是朽木不可雕” 这样的话说的多了学生会丧失学习的信心～如果领导天天评价我们不行～我们还有多少人会坚持热情的工作,因此老师们一定要用发展的眼光看学生。仔细观察他们在课堂及课下的表现～丛中挖掘他们的优点～善于发现学生的潜质～一块石头聚焦的光束多了也会闪闪发光的～所以我们要多关注学生～了解学生～从而给孩子确定发展目标～我们自己也要制定培养目标。譬如扬帆帆同学刚入校第一学期时数学常考60多分～我从她的眼神中看出她很难过～她做作业的态度很认真～不是一个不学习的孩子～我叫她到办公室告诉她:你不是一个不学习的孩子～你的学习态度很好～只是你的学习方法有问题。听了我的话她就哭了～之后我利用课间给她讲题～后来我发现她不光学习塌实～而且悟性也很好～再后来的学习中一直很轻松～在年级中很出色。 coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 二、收集有关资料～弥补和创新教师的教学 在教学过程中只要教师有意识地去收集学生的信息～作好教学反思～是很容易弥补和创新我们的教学。因为教师在每天的教学中～尤其是在新知识传授之后会很自然地提供一些需要学生解决的问题和任务。通过观察学生对这些问题和任务的解决和讨论～教师所获得的有关数据将会比通过一次正规的单元测试所获得的数据更丰富和更有用。它不仅能帮助教师看到学生可能在什么地方出错～在哪些地方还不清楚或没有牢固掌握～更重要的是它还能帮助教师发现导致错误答案背后的原因～找到解决学生学习困惑的症结所在～在错误被学生当成一个事实～或发展成一个习惯之前及时地弥补和调整自己的教学。因此可以这么说～要保证有效的教学～日常的对学生学习状况的评价是至关重要的。所以我对学生的作业每天进行评价和总结～开展创造性教学。在批阅作业时～不光要看作业的准确率～还要关注学生是否认真完成作业～是否深入思考～在作业中是否有创新～然后正确评价学生～创新我们的教学方法～比如在上完一元一次方程的应用题时我给学生留下了这样一道题:1个三位数～他的个位数字为a～十位数字比个位数字大3～百位数字是1。如果把它的十位数字作为百位数字～个位数字作为十位数字～百位数字作为个位数字～得到一个新的三位数～这个新三位数coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 比原来的三位数大666～那么原来的三位数是多少,我的解法是常规解法:将原来的三位数的各数位上的数字表示出来:百位:1 十位:,a+3, 个位:a 再将原来的三位数表示出来:1×100+,a+3,×10+a=11a+130 将新的三位数的各数位上的数字表示出来:百位:,a+3, 十位::a 个位1 再将新的三位数表示出来:,a+3,×100+ a×10+1=110a+301 根据新三位数比原来的三位数大666的方程: ,110a+301,,,11a+130,=666 解得:a=5 则a+3=8 原数为:185 而我班的林诒冰同学突破原来的思维模式～用一种创新思维方式解出了题目～使我眼前一亮: 林诒冰同学将原来的三位数的数码表示出来:百位:1 十位:,a+3, 个位:a 位数字 数原 新 数 百位 十位 个位 码 新数 ,a+3, a 1 原数 1 ,a+3, a coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 差 6 6 6 各个位数相减得6～但是可能会出现借位问题～所以应从个位做减法: 由a+3?9得a?6～ 另新数的个位减原数的个位是6～1-a=6～解得a=-5,不合题意～故要借位相减: 11-a=6～得a=5～a+3=8～原数为158。 在阅读了林诒冰同学的解法后～我深受启发～之后在讲解教材人教版七年级上册第85页第10题,2,:一个两位数个位上的数是1～十位上的数是x～把1和x对调～新两位数比原两位数小18～x应是哪一个方程的根,你能想出x是几吗,人教版七年级上册第77页第10题～我就采用林诒冰同学的解法～使解题方法化繁为简～举重若轻。 所以在在教学中～教师自身也在不断的发展～数学教学不仅促进学生的发展也造就了优秀的老师～ 三、对学生的心理价值取向进行评价。教师不仅要悉心研究自我的教学行为～而且还要悉心揣摩学生的心理价值取向。应该说～教师教学方法得以实施～与学生学习的积极性有很大的关联度,教师在课堂所有活动的取向性与学生在课堂教学活动的参与性也是相互coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 关联的。例如～我们发现几何证明的教学相对较难开展～学生配合性较差。但近两年～学生学习的积极性较以前有了很大的改善～其中的原因与我的作业评价有很大关系。每天课前我都会利用两三分钟的时间对前一天的作业进行评价。如:哪些同学作业书写工整～令人赏心悦目～哪些同学解题方法独特、新颖～如果时间容许我会让他,她,站在讲台上给大家讲解～让孩子的好方法的以推广～让孩子有成就感。哪些同学作业准确率高～哪些同学作业书写有进步～从以前会做一道题～到现在会做两道题～等一些积极的方法～而我每天的作业评价～就成了学生的一顿大餐～老师评的津津有味～学生听的积极向上～在我的课堂上～我会把课后的习题作为现场作业～然后让同学们评价～同学们评的非常仔细、认真、精彩～即发现了别人的优点也发现了别人的缺点～而且经过实践我发现学生很在乎同龄人对他,她,的评价～一些爱面子的同学也认真起来～成绩自然有所提高。作业本也可以成为师生交流平台～老师可以把自己想对学生说的话～学生可以把自己想对老师说的话写在作业后面～譬如:一次考试之后～一位同学考的不理想～我忙于日常工作～没有找她谈心～该生就在作业后面写道:老师我考得这么差～你没有批评我～是不是放弃我了～看到后给了我很大的启示～我疏忽了对孩子的关心～其实孩子很在乎老师～哪怕是对她的批评～我亡羊补牢～给孩子写下了“老师不会放弃任何一个学生～除非你自己放弃自coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 己”～通过观察我发现孩子脸上有了笑容～学习主动了许多。 四、对学生数学的成就和进步进行评价 学生们是通过大大小小的考试～来获得教师、家长有关学习标准的信息～学生有一个错误的信号就是～考试比数学学习本身及思维过程、分析和解决实际问题的能力更加重要。我们要转变这种忽视学生的发展～只追求分数的做法。通过合理的评价方式～使学生的思维过程、解题策略、学习态度～得以正确的评价～让学生感受的到即使没有考好依然得到了认可～依然有学习的愿望。所以在考试后进行评价时～我会把同学们解题方法逐一统计分析～给学生作好三年操行分积分表～只要有进步的、有独到思维见解的、被同学正面评价的～都给予表扬～并加操行分～正是因为在解题过程中表现出思维的某些合理性或创造性也能得到较高的评价～学习中付出的劳动得到认可时时～学生就会改变对数学学习、的认识～形成对数学学习的正确预期。 五、真诚的与学生分享学习的快乐～用心的给予语言的评价 我们如果不能用心的评价学生～就会出现学生伤心～教师失望～学海苦作舟的局面。所以在我们教学行为中～常常是见不得学生有一点点错～就随口批评～讽刺～挖苦起学生来滔滔不绝～甚至失去了理智和风度～而没有真诚的让学生意识到自己错了～一旦学生有进步和诚心悔改之时～却轻描淡写～吝啬赞益之词。所以我提倡在教学中应该真诚的与学生交流～让学生感受到”柔情。”,在此讲解coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave, 比如我班的朱博同学的教育过程,由此可以看出心所至则无所不能。教学需要情感辅助。 最后我提倡:给遇到困难的学生给与行动的帮助～不要只是口头安慰～否则我们只是敷衍～给取得进步的学生给一句肯定～制定下一个行为目标～把他纳入我们培养目标里～也许他会提高一个百分点～给自卑的学生一句赞扬～让他树立学习的信心～天生我才必有用。给颓废的学生一句真诚的批评～让他意识到自己行为不利于成长～给孤独的学生一句问候～感受到老师的阳光～…～即使是你讨厌的学生你也给他一个正确的评价吧: coupling Centre shall be checked, the second poured concrete strength of more than 70%. In the process of reaming or boring, apart from the special provisions in factory, does not allow any work that may affect the coupling Centre, such as irrigation, to cylinder connections to flood the condenser pipes and so on. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Mounting bolts should be added lubricants, typing gently with a small hammer, not too loose or too tight, packed the bolts with the corresponding seal screw hole should be marked. 6.4.5.4.2 coupling reamed and pairings is close to the diameter of bolt bearing good hinge holes, dressed with a good two coupling bolts before you can move the rotor, boring-reaming hole in turn. Coupling bolts must be tight coupling is symmetrical diameter, in boring, reaming, two bolts out. Well boring, hinge bolt hole flange with coupling of vertical, not oblique. Due to the coupling bolts in accordance with hinge holes corresponding to the diameter of the screw holes one by one after processing, processing back bolt installation location cannot be changed, so according to bolt after the actual weight difference of nut and lock washer to match. General requirements for coupling two symmetrical diameter bolt, nut and lock washer's total weight difference should not be greater than 10 g and knocks stamped mark. (See Figure 18) The coupling bolts apply lubricant, and then gently with copper home, not too loose or too tight. Bolt Assembly is finished, symmetrical tightening all bolts to 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% force, and check the coupling flutter and before connecting the circle gradually changes its value should be less than 0.02mm. Tightening torque of the coupling bolts shall comply with the technical requirements manufacturers drawings, with a dynamometric wrench or log tension tools. Three wheel rotor swing test coupling connections should be checked: taking leave,