湖南省八年级英语上册知识总结

湖南省八年级上期英语语法知识点总结 一、短语 1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a....,every...用一般现在时,第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形,第三人称单数后跟动词加's'/'es'。 2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment ....用现在进行时,结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing 3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next....用一般将来时,结构:will + v原\ be going to +v原(没有动词用be ) 4、如有yesterday, ......ago , last....just now.....用一般过去时动词加ed give sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物every day每天, write down 写下,记下write it (them) down everyday每天的,日常的, how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做....怎么样each other 互相. thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢 回答That's all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at all.Why don't you+V原...=why not+...V原为什么不 help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事 with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth.请自用食物 watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事,(现在没有做,做过) watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see, hear类似 remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事,未做事remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事welcome back欢迎回来, new term新学期 this term这学期, next term 下学学期, last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议, why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误, correct spelling正确的拼写, what else?=what other things? 还有什么 a piece of advice 一条建议, follow /take one's advice采用别人的建议, send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人send for派人去请/取 send up发射. all the time一直 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快 lots of =a lot of =many(可数)\much(不可数)许多, , spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事 sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事 Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物 Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物 Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱 pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱 Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间 ask for 请求,要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事a piece of一块 enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ing place sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在…里面 else常修饰不定代词,关系代词或副词,也可修饰all, much,little等,else要位于其后。所有格为else's. take a deep breath深呼吸, catch\hold one's breath屏住呼吸, out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事, the number of …的数目,后跟名词复数,动词用三单, a number of =many,大量,许多后跟名词复数,动词用复数形式。a large number of,a small number of , invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样 try to do sth.尽力做事try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try not to do sth .尽力不做某事try one's best尽某人最大的努力, a group of 一组,一群, borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物, lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物keep借一段时间 practice doing sth.,练习做做某事come from=be from来自, look for 寻找, look after=care for=take care of照顾 look up 向上看,查阅, look like看起来像, look at 看着, look on sb. as把某人看作, look forward to doing sth. 盼望,期待做某事look over检查,翻阅, look out当心,向外看, look through仔细查看, be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为…, be ready准备好, be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事,乐意做某事translate…into… 将…译成…, take a message捎个信,leave a message留个信, be good for 对…有好处,be good at =do well in擅长于… be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长… Think of 想起, think about想出,think over仔细考虑, else修饰不定代词 something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody, nobody和who, what,when,where时放后, 四说,1,speak说语言,2.say说内容,3,talk与谁说,4,tell 告诉,讲述, 四看,1,watch观看电视,比赛和表演,2,see看人,电影,医生,风景, 3,read看,报,4,look就看。看场电影要用see,读书看报用read 电视、戏剧、比赛,凡是表演用watch,observe细观察,一时注意用notice. make+宾语+补足语(形容词)使某人某物怎么样。 .make+宾语+do 让某人做某事 make+宾语+过去分词使某人被怎么样;make friends with sb.与某人交朋友, hear of听说,hear from收到某人的来信, be bad for对…有害,it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格,品质kind, good nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。 It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等 write to… 给…写信,next to 在…旁边, do some concerts办音乐会,speak to sb.和某人讲话, say hello to sb. 给某人问好,say bye to sb.向某人说再见, show sb. around somewhere带某人参观某地,learn sth from sb.向某人学习 choose the correct answers选择正确答案, correct the mistakes 改错, match …with…把…和…搭配起来 建议:1.why don't you do sth?=why not do sth? 2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth? 3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remember to do sth. 5.Don't forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ? 7.Let's do sth. 8.It'sa good idea to do 9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do 11.You'd better (not )do sth. 回答:That's a good idea.Thanks a lot. Great, OK. That's right. All right. Good idea. Sure. 二、句型 1. 疑问词how 的用法 (1) 怎样,用什么手段,方法/交通工具 How are you? / How is she? How did he do it? / I don't know how to swim. How do you come to school? (2) 情况如何(指身体健康状况) How are you? (3) how many,how much 表示"多少"其中how much 还可以表示钱数。 how many 后接可数名词复数,how much 接不可数名词。 How many times do you go to the park? How many pens do you want? How much water do we drink every day? How much are those pants? (4) how often 是对动作发生的“次数”提问,询问的是频率“多久一次” 回答可以是:Every day. / Once a week. / Three times a week. / Often. / … How often do you play tennis? How often do you surf the Internet? (5) How old …? 询问年龄How old are you? I am five. (6) How about …? ……如何?……怎么样? How about going to the movies? 2. time 表示不可数名词,意为“时间”。 表示可数名词,意为“次数,倍数” What time is it? I go to the movies three times a week. 注意“次数”的表达方法 一次once,两次twice,三次或三次以上用基数词加上times: three times, five times, one hundred times 表示“……几次”的表达方法是: once a day/ a week/ a month/ a year twice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year 2. exercise v./ n. shop v./ n. He often exercises on weekends. We often do / take exercise on weekends. We often shop on weekends. There are many shops in the neighborhood. 4. as for 意为“就……而论;至于” As for fruit,I eat it sometimes. As for him,I never want to see him here. 至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。 5. My mother wants me to drink it. 我妈妈想要我喝。 want to do sth. 想要做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事 Do you want to go to the movies with me? 你想和我一起去看电影吗? I want you to help me with my math. 我想要你帮我学数学。 有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语: ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 6. She says it's good for my health. 她说它对我的健康有意。 be goo d for … 表示“对……有益(有好处)” 其反义为:be bad for … 对……有害/无益 It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。 Drinking milk is good for your health. 喝牛奶对你的健康有益。 Reading English is goodfor studying English. 对英语对学习英语有益/有帮助。 Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。 7. usually when I come home from school 通常是在我从学校回家时 When + 从句当……时候 I often stay at home when it is rainy. 8. I try to eat a lot of vegetables. try to do sth. 尽量/尽力做某事 I'll try to learn English well. 我会尽量尝试学好英语的。 You must try to take more exercise. 你必须尽量多做运动。 9. I look after my health. look after 照顾 My brother is ill. I have to look after him today. 我的弟弟病了。我今天不得不照顾他。 All the students must look after the desks and chairs. 有的学生必须照看好课桌椅。 He often helps his mother look after his little sister. 他经常帮助他的妈妈照顾他的小弟弟。 10. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades. 我健康的生活方式帮助我取得好的成绩。 help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 She often helps me learn math. 她经常帮助我学数学。 11. Good food and exercise help me to study better. 好的食物和运动帮助我学习得更好。 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 12. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? = Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle? 她的生活方式和你的一样或是不同? be the same as … / be different from … 与……一样/与……不同 She looks the same as her sister. 她看起来跟她的妹妹很像。 This book is different from that one. 这本书跟那本书不一样。 13. I think I'm kind of unhealthy. 我想我有点不健康。 kind of = a little a kind of 一种 14. maybe (adv.) = perhaps 也许,可能Maybe he knows the answer. Maybe they'll go skateboarding. He may know the answer. 15. although = though 虽然Although he's ill, he goes to school on time. 虽然他生病了,但他还是准时上学。 She eats a lot of chocolate, although she is very fat. 虽然她很胖,但她却吃许多的巧克力。 16. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health. A lot of = lots of = many/ much 许多 keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy keep + 形容词表保持某种状态 Keep quiet! The baby is sleeping. 那婴儿正在睡觉,保持安静! We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持我们的教室干净。 17. 注意sometimes 与几个形似的词的区别。 (1) sometime 是副词,意为“在某个时候;某时” Will you come again sometime next week? 下周的某个时候你会再来吗? She was there sometime last year. 她去年某时去过那。 (2) some time 是名词词组,意为“一段时间”,做时间状语用 I will stay here for some time. 我将在这呆一段时间。 He worked for that company for some time. 他为那家电脑公司工作了一阵子。 (3) some times 是名词词组,意为“几次,几倍” I met him some times in the street last month. 上个月我在街上遇到他好几次了。 The factory is some times larger than that one. 这间工厂比那间大好几倍。 (4) sometimes 是频度副词,意为“有时” He sometimes goes skateboarding on weekends. 他有时周末去滑滑板。 18. That sounds interesting. 那听起来有趣。 look(看起来),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来), feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得) ,get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。 It tastes good. 这味道好。 The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。 一、短语 already早已,用于完成时的肯定,; yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问; just,用于完成时 just now=a moment ago用于过去时, arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达 bring,从外往里拿,take ,从里往外拿,carry无方向, fetch 往返拿, more than ,=over,多于less than,少于 alone,个体单独,独自; lonely,孤独,寂寞,也表示荒凉, most of.. ..的大多数, a visit to 对...的参观, on a visit to....,参观... for a visit 参观, pay a visit to ,拜访 as ...as....和....一样not as ...as..=not so ...as 不如, so ...that如此...以致于....如果that后是否定,就可以用too...to 转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth. be famous for 因...面著名(原因), be famous as以...身份或产地而著名 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜欢做某事, prefer to 更喜欢... prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事, return from a visit to 从...访问返回, be named after 以...的名字命名, be proud of 以....自豪, be up to sb.由某人决定, up to 从事于,忙于, space station在太空站, show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看, on business出差,因...公事, 在...的上面over,在..上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为under on 在...上面,贴着物表,反义beneath, above在..上方,高出,反义below in the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飞机, in the last three years在过去三年里,用于现在完成时, none 用于三个以上的全否定,反义为all;neither两个都不,反义为both, the lastest news,最新消息,share sth.with sb.与分享某物