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太原英语培训机构排名

2017-09-28 8页 doc 29KB 9阅读

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太原英语培训机构排名太原英语培训机构排名 Above about 5,200 metres, in the “death zone”, humans can only survive for couple of days, even with extra oxygen.When his father died in 1761, Banks was only eighteen years old. Many young men in his position would lead a cosy life, but young Banks had...
太原英语培训机构排名
太原英语机构排名 Above about 5,200 metres, in the “death zone”, humans can only survive for couple of days, even with extra oxygen.When his father died in 1761, Banks was only eighteen years old. Many young men in his position would lead a cosy life, but young Banks had an appetite for knowledge. Despite his wealth, he worked to make a career in science. He made a first journey to study wild plants in 1766. His next expedition was the great voyage with James Cook to Oceania. In 1768, the Royal Navy appointed James Cook as the commander of the Endeavour to take members of the Royal Society on an expedition to Tahiti. According to the instructions given to Captain Cook, the expedition had three goals. The primary goal was to study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun. This would give astronomers a change to calculate the distance between the earth and the sun. Secondly the purpose of the expedition was to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip. Thirdly, Captain Cook received secret instructions to search for an unknown southern continent. As astronomy was one of the most important branches of science, it was the British government that paid for all the equipment and expenses for that of the expedition. Since the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany, Joseph Banks, at the age of 25, had to supply about,10,000 of his own money to equip the expedition. On their three-year voyage, Joseph Banks did not only study and describe new plants he found, but also looked out new economic species: plans that could be grown in England or other parts of the world to produce crops that could be sold. Banks was the first to move crops from one continent to another on a large scale, helping to develop local economies with these new imports. Some plants that were spread over the globe in this way include cocoa, hemp and tea. The Endeavour, returned to England in 1771. The voyage had been a great success. Wonderful discoveries had been made of strange new lands, cultures, animals and plants. After that Captain Cook made two more voyages around the world, but Joseph Banks never undertook another. From behind his desk, however, he was involved in enterprises such as the exploration of Africa and the settlement of Australia. In 1778, Banks was elected president of the Royal Society, a position he held for 42 years. During these years Banks helped to develop the royal gardens at Kew into one of the greatest botanical gardens in the world. He accumulated a great deal of knowledge about plants and agriculture. In growing strawberries Banks went back to the abandoned practice of spreading straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering. He also built a greenhouse to experiment with growing pineapples. It was Joseph Banks who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research. INTEGRATING SKILLS Reading WILDLIEF AND GRARDEN ROSES In his youth Charles Darwin enjoyed all the freedom to experiment and do whatever he liked. The study of physics, chemistry, and later botany, was his hobby At the age of 22, Darwin was invited to join the scientific expedition on the Beagle. The Tibetans have lived in the Himalayas for centuries and have adjusted to the conditions at such a great height. To them, the mountains were sacred, and they would not climb them for that reason. When Westerners came to climb Mount Qomolangma, the Sherpas, who live in Tibet, northern India and Nepal,acted as guides. From the first British Qomolangma expedititon in 1921, Sherpa strength, skill, honesty and dedication have made them ideal companions on the mountain. Every Qomolangma expedition since them has relied on Sherpa support. One of the first foreign expeditions to climb Mount Qomolangma arrived in Tibet in 1921. They had no idea what they were up against. Two British expeditions made the attempt in 1992 and 1924, but failed to reach the top. The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed the strange bottles containing what the referred to as “English air”. In 1924 two British men were lost. When their oxygen ran out, they had no chance of surviving. After World War II, technological advances in clothing and equipment had been made, and more was known about the mountain itself, which by now had been flown over several times by aircraft. The New Zealander Edmund Hillary and the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, as members of British team, were the first to make it to the summit to Mount Qomolangma. They reached the top on May 29, 1953. In later years the question arose who was the first to reach the top. Wherever he was asked, Sherpa Tenzing Norgay’s answer was, “We climbed as a team, period.” Like winning in the Olympic Games, climbing a mountain such as Mount Qomolangma is a great personal achievement. Climbing the mountain is still one of man’s greatest challenges. After 1953 several hundred people have succeeded in climbing the mountain, some to be the first of their nation and many in attempts to climb the mountain over different slopes. The Chinese made their first successful attempt in 1960. On May 25 of that year, Gongbu, Wang Fuzhou and Qu Yinhua reached the summit of Mount Qomolangma. As it was dark and they were unable to take photos to prove that they had reached the top, they left iron container with the national flag and a portrait of Chairman Mao Zedong. At the age of 25, Qu Yinhua was the youngest ever to have reached the summit. On their return, they were praised as national heroes. On May 27, 1975, another Chinese team climbed Mount Qomolangma from its northern side. Over the past 40 years, 29 other Chinese people have climbed Mount Qomolangma successfully. Unit 2 INTEGRATING SKILLS Reading THE UNKNOWN SOUTHERN LAND The “unknown southern land”was in imaginary continent, appearing on European maps from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. It was first put there by a Greek map maker in the first century AD. He believed that south of the Indian Ocean a continent existed with a mild climate, where the people were very wealthy. However, he warned that it could not be reached because it was surrounded by a ring of fire. In the Middle Ages Western people rejected that theory because they believed that the world was flat, so there could not be continent on the other side of the world. If you were to sail across the ocean, you would fall off the earth. Besides, they argued that there could not be people beyond the ring of fire if all people came from Adam and Eve. Later European map makers copied this continent onto their maps again although nobody had every seen it. Scientists argued for its existence saying that there should be a continent in the south to balance that known continents in the north. Usually the land was shown as a continent around the South Pole, but much larger than Antarctica, as we know it now. Tasman sailed past Australia without seeing the continent, but discovered Tasmania and the west coast of New Zealand, which he thought was part of the southern continent. Around this time, the other European nations lost their interest in the search for “the unknown southern land” and concentrated on the Asian continent instead. For some time there were no voyages of to the region. The French were very active in the eighteenth century. One of the French sea captains reported that he had seen very short people. What he needed was a new pair of glasses, because what he had seen were not people but penguins. Another Frenchman reported that he that discovered paradise, but he was hanged for telling lies when he came back home. As late as 1767 an English scientist published a survey of all discoveries in the southern part of the Pacific Ocean up till then. He was positive about the existence of a large unknown continent, and believed its northern coast to be lying somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. Based on this report the English government decided to ask Captain Cook to go and look for this continent. James Cook traveled around the world making maps between 1768 and 1771 on his ship, the Endeavour. The English government also gave him secret instructions to search for the mysterious continent. After visiting Tahiti, Cook set sail to the south, where he expected to find land. Unable to find it, he decided to set sail for New Zealand, which had already been discovered by the Dutch. Passing between the North and the South Island Cook discovered the east coast of Australia more or less by accident. When Cook arrived back in England in 1771, he still could not answer the question whether there was an unknown southern continent or not. So, in 1772 the British government sent him on a second expedition to solve the problem of the southern continent once and for all. Cook sailed as far south as possible. On 10 December, 1772 he saw the first iceberg.
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