青春期女孩生理发育(图)

青春期女孩生理发育(图) 青春期女孩生理发育(图) 什么是青春期, 在我国，一般把12,18岁这一年龄段看作是青春期。青春期是人体生长发育的第二个高峰，生理上发生巨大变化，身高、体重迅速增长，各脏器如心、肺、肝脏功能日趋成熟，各项指标达到或接近成人标准。一般情况下，女孩青春期要早男孩一年左右，从乳房开始发育到月经初潮，大约需2,3年，继而腋毛、阴毛长出，骨盆变大，全身皮下脂肪增多(尤其胸部、肩部等)，形成女性丰满的体态。男孩胡须长出，喉结突出，声音低沉，肌肉骨骼发育坚实，形成男性的魁伟体格。 青春期是青少年生理发育和心理发展急剧变化的时期，是童年向成年过渡的时期，也是人生观和世界观逐步形成的关键时期。 首先是性的发育。包括性腺(卵巢)、内外生殖器官和第二性征的发育 当女孩,,岁左右时，卵巢逐渐长大，月经开始来潮。与之相应，子宫、阴道和外生殖器也逐渐长大、延长及成熟。上述这些变化，一般“不露声色”，往往不易引起人们的注意。 但是，作为女性外在变化的第二性征却比较引人注目:9-10岁时，乳房开始发育，这是少女第一次显示的第二性征，是青春期萌动的标志;11岁时，阴毛出现;12-13岁时，乳头乳晕继续增大，但仍与整个乳房轮廓浑然一体;阴毛继续增多，并向阴阜及腹壁中部发展，由细变粗，色素渐渐沉着。 女孩13岁以后(有的女孩较早)，月经初潮，但一般还不规律，在头一二年内，卵巢功能尚未完善或成熟到足以排卵的程度;与初潮同时或稍后，腋毛长出，阴毛呈现女性特有的倒三角形分布，底边与耻骨联合水平相平行;乳晕区腺体发育，在已丰满增大的乳房上形成第二次隆起;14-15岁时，可以呈现规律的排卵性月经;乳房发育成熟，乳头突出在轮廓鲜明的乳房上;16-17岁时，发育接近成熟，骨垢愈合，身高增长基本停顿。 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 卵子示意图 以上的性征发育，有着较明显的时间性和次序。如果出现时间性违背，如8岁前乳房发育，或9岁前月经来潮，则为性早熟;16岁以后开始发育，谓之青春发育延迟;18岁以后依然幼稚如故，可能为性发育不全。往往是特发性性早熟，或是脑部病变引起的真性性早熟，或是误服含雌激素的药物、食物以及卵巢肿瘤所致的假性性早熟，抑或是先天性疾患以及对促性腺激素延迟的卵巢功能低下等，都必须及时查治。 对性发育次序的紊乱更应予以关注，如月经抢先在乳房发育和阴毛长出之前来潮;或乳房尚未发育，过早地长出腋毛、阴毛，那肯定是不正常表现，应赶紧看医生。 其次是身体增长“加速” 身高增长的开始时间早于乳房发育，并且大多数在乳腺组织扩大到乳晕周围时，达到高峰速度。此时身高平均每年增长,厘米，甚者达,,,,,厘米;同时体重也相应增加,,,公斤，多者达,,公斤。此后，生长速度开始下降，月经初潮后继续长高的潜能有限，一般每年只有,,,厘米。从骤长开始到生长停止，女孩平均身高增长约,,厘米。因此，仅仅是几年的光景，原本纤弱稚气的黄毛丫头就已出落成一个窈窕水灵的大姑娘了。 性器官是人体诸器官中发育最晚者。一旦性器官发育成熟，就标志着体内各器官系统均已经成熟 性征的发育、身体的增长和各器官功能的完善和成熟，是受内分泌系统支配的。女孩子进入青春发动期后，脑垂体分泌的促性腺激素(黄体生成激素和卵泡刺激素)揭开了性发育的序幕，它促使卵巢发育长大，卵泡成熟，产生女性激素，一月一次地排卵，导演出一个又一个月经周期。促性腺激素若过早活动，会出现性早熟;若懈怠懒惰，则青春姗姗来迟。 脑垂体分泌的生长激素、肾上腺与卵巢分泌的性激素、甲状腺分泌的甲状腺激素等，都对骨骼的发育成熟和身高的增长，具有独特而又相互配合的作用。这些内分泌激素综合协调的结果，赋予了少女一副匀称的身材。 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 乳房、子宫、阴部的发育，骨盆软骨细胞的增殖，入口增宽，臀部变大，体内脂肪细胞增殖，皮下脂肪堆积等都是女性激素的作用。 女性体内也有少量的男性激素，主要来自肾上腺，少部分由卵巢分泌，它促进着腋毛、阴毛生长，阴部发育。脑垂体的活动还要受下丘脑与靶腺器官的影响。当然，脑垂体激素及靶腺激素的水平也反过来影响着下丘脑和垂体的分泌功能。下丘脑——垂体——靶腺(主要是卵巢)构成了青春期“十八变”的控制轴系，它们相互依赖、相互制约，使得女孩血中激素浓度保持相对稳定，恰当地满足“女大十八变”对激素的需要。 值得一提的是，高级神经活动影响着内分泌功能，对内分泌起着重要的调节作用。如改变环境、焦虑可引起闭经，感觉器官(嗅觉、视觉等)刺激可促进性腺活动，生殖道机械刺激可引起排卵等。还有，遗传因素、气候环境、文化教育、经济状况、青春期保健、健美锻炼等也影响内分泌进而影响青春期发育。 知晓了女孩子青春期发育的“秘密”，就有可能更有效、有针对性地使女孩青春发育期内“女大十八变”，越变越漂亮。、 女子青春期如何保护好性器官及处女膜(图) 女子青春期往往为“是非期”或“朦胧期”，对此，少女应特别注意生理和心理保健，保护好您的性器官。 保护好阴道 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 女子的外生殖器构造较为复杂，皮肤、黏膜皱褶较多，既有汗腺、皮脂腺，又有前庭大腺和宫颈、阴道之分泌物，还有月经来潮，且前有尿道口，后有肛门，再加上少女的会阴部屏障作用尚不完善，容易罹患阴道炎。因此，应注意以下保健: 其一，注意阴部卫生。少女进入青春期后，随着月经的来潮和白带的分泌，少女对于此往往茫茫然，一时不知所措，由此易患青春期阴道炎。因此，应注意经期卫生，正确使用消毒后的卫生纸巾，内裤要在日光下照晒，借以紫外线消毒;经常洗澡;睡前用温水清洗外阴，洗盆专用;大便后，手纸应由前向后擦，小便后用卫生纸擦干净。 其二，防止罹患“时装性阴道炎”。青春少女随着审美观念的增强，追求体形美，故各种体形裤倍受青睐。此类裤子裤裆瘦短，布质厚，弹性不佳，透气不良，这就使得前有尿道口、后有肛门的阴道倍受窘迫，阴道的分泌物不得排泄，会阴部处于温热、潮湿的状态，各种致病菌在此环境下最容易生长、繁殖，容易罹患时装性阴道炎。 因此要少穿或不穿体形裤，合理着装，尽量选用合体、布料弹性好、透气良的时装，以防后患无穷。 其三，洁身自爱，守身如玉。毋庸讳言，近年来，个别少女出于种种原因，过早地发生了性行为，患上了性病性阴道炎。对此，少女应自强、自尊、自爱，正确认识人生价值观，洁身自爱、守身如玉，杜绝性乱。 其四，合理应用抗生素。少数少女长期大剂量应用抗生素(广谱)和激素治疗某些疾病，导致体内菌群失调而患霉菌性阴道炎。因此，少女患炎性疾病，选用广谱抗生素治疗时，请遵医嘱，尽量不与激素合并用药。 其五，防止性病的间接感染。少女在公共浴所洗浴时，应自带浴盆、浴巾，尽量淋浴而不要盆池浴，防止阴道滴虫、淋病菌或其他性病等间接感染，同时亦应掌握相应的性病知识，防止性病的间接接触感染。 保护好子宫 子宫身居腹地，外有体壁屏障保护，内有阴道门户缓冲，按理不应该遭受伤害。然而，近年来已婚妇女的不孕症、胎盘植入、子宫黏膜异位、宫外孕等日趋增多，凡此种种，有相当一部分是少女婚前性行为怀孕后随意人流而埋下的祸根。 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 少女子宫虽已发育，但其壁尚不厚，子宫黏膜也薄，人流手术，尤其是反复人流，势必使子宫壁更薄。因此，不但在人流中会发生子宫穿孔，亦会于婚后发生流产、分娩时子宫乏力而致难产、产后大出血或导致胎盘植入。 人流手术中一旦感染还容易引起宫颈粘连、附件炎，进而造成不孕;另外，人流术中，由于负压的作用，子宫黏膜会逆流入腹腔而引起子宫黏膜异位症„„ 因此，少女保护好子宫的最佳之举，就是杜绝婚前性行为。 保护好乳房 乳房发育是少女的重要第二性征。乳房主要由乳腺叶、脂肪、结缔组织构成。乳腺叶系由乳管、乳腺小叶和腺泡所组成。 从生理和审美角度上说，少女挺拔而高耸的乳房是少女成熟的表现，也是少女的天资之美，亦倍增了少女的固有魅力，而且又是哺育后代之源。 然而，有的少女却视美为丑，产生羞涩心理，限制其发育而紧身束胸，使乳房受尽了委屈，乳房所受的这种不白之冤是少女乳房保健的一大误区。临床上发现，乳房瘪小、乳房扁平、乳头下陷、产后无乳„„常将此归咎于乳房发育不良，其实，它们往往与少女紧身束胸有密切关系。因为少女长期穿过紧内衣或乳罩，势必会限制乳房发育，影响其血液循环和新陈代谢，使乳腺管堵塞、闭锁，各种乳患症状便应运而生。为此，少女对乳房应注意以下保健: 首先，为保护乳房而防受外伤、挤压以及使其保持形态美，应佩戴胸罩，注意选用大小适宜、质地柔软、弹性好、吸汗强的布质或针织品乳罩。 其次，经常清洗乳房，勤换内衣、乳罩，防止其感染而引起乳腺炎。 另外，少女不要盲目减肥，乳房发育不良者，应注意加强营养和乳房按摩，以利于其发育。若少女过度肥胖，应尽早减肥，以防诱发乳腺癌。 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 再者，自青春期起，少女应养成自我检查乳房的习惯，以便及早发现乳房结节、硬块，一旦发现应及早看医生。 保护好卵巢 卵巢主宰着女人的多种生理功。女性步入青春期，无论第一性征的出现或第二性征的显露，无不与卵巢发育成熟有关。 少女对于卵巢应注意以下情况: 卵巢瘤特别是生殖细胞瘤，好发于青春少女，为此，少女一旦出现腹痛、腹部包块、水样白带，应警惕卵巢瘤，及早诊治。手术治疗时，若为良性瘤，尽量保留卵巢。 禁烟忌酒。研究证实，烟草可产生,,,多种毒物，如尼古丁、焦油、一氧化碳、砷、镉等，这些物质对卵巢有明显的毒害作用，长期大量饮酒，会使卵巢中毒，影响其生长发育。 注意阴部卫生，避免阴道炎的发生，以防炎性病变累及卵巢。 稳定情绪。情绪不佳，体内酚胺类物质分泌增加，会使卵巢血流量减少，影响其发育、成熟。 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic