2012年高考英语新课标卷_考点_真题解析

绝密 启用前 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。第Ⅰ卷1至14页。第Ⅱ卷15至16页。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。 2. 短小题选出后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小脱.从题中所给的A. B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A.￡19.15. B.￡9.15. C. ￡9.18. 答案是B。 1. Where does this conversation probably take place? A．In a bookstore. B. In a classroom. C. In a library. 2. At what time will the film begin? A.7:20 B.7:15 C.7:00 3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about? A. Their friend Jane. B. A weekend trip. C. A radio programme. 4. What will the woman probably do? A. Catch a train. B. See the man off. C. Go shopping. 5. Why did the woman apologize? A. She made a late delivery. B. She went to the wrong place. C. She couldn't take the cake back. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟:听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话读两遍。 听第6段材料.回答第6. 7题。 6. Whose CD is broken? A. Kathy’s. B. Mum's. C. Jack's. 7. What does the boy promise to do for the girl? A. Buy her a new CD. B. Do some cleaning. C. Give her 10 dollars. 听第7段材料.回答第8、9题。 8. What did the man think of the meal? A. Just so-so. B. Quite satisfactory. C. A bit disappointing. 9. What was the 15% on the bill paid for? A. The food. B. The drinks. C. The service. 听第8段材料，回答第I0至12题。 10. Why is the man at the shop? A. To order a camera for his wife. B. To have a camera repaired. C. To get a camera changed. 11. What colour does the man want? A. Pink. B. Black. C. Orange. 12. What will the man do afterwards? A. Make a phone call. B. Wait until further notice. C. Come again the next day. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What would Joe probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday? A. Go to a play. B. Stay at home. C. Visit Kingston. 14. What is Ariel going to do in Toronto? A. Attend a party. B. Meet her aunt. C. See a car show. I5. Why is Ariel in a hurry to leave? A. To call up Betty. B. To buy some DVDs. C. To pick up Daniel. 16. What might be the relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Fellow workers. C. Guide and tourist. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Where does Thomas Manning work? A. In the Guinness Company. B. At a radio station. C. In a museum. 18. Where did the idea of a book of records come from? A. A bird-shooting trip. B. A visit to Europe. C. A television talk show. 19. When did Sir Hugh's first book of records A. In 1875. B. In 1950. C. In 1955. 20. What are the two speakers going to talk about next? A. More records of unusual facts. B. The founder of the company. C. The oldest person in the world 第二部 分英语知识运用 (共两节.满分45分) 第一节 单项填空 (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、c、D四个选项中.选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child___________ her or she wants。 A．however B. Whatever C. whichever D. whenever 答案是B 21.-Which one of these do you want? - Either will do. A. I don't mind B. I'm sure C. No problem D. Go ahead 22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction. A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a 23. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step ” A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed 24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what 25. I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless 26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much A. the best B. best C. better D. the better 27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can_ almost every word her teacher says. A. put out B. put down C. put away D. put together 28. The party will be held in the garden, weather . A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit 29. This restaurant wasn't_ that other restaurant we went to. A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D. good as half as 30. I _use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't 31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but_ of them wants to, because they have work to do. A. either B. any C. neither D. none 32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting. A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to 33. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes. A. swim B .swum C. swam D. had swum 34. You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you. A. so B. or C. and D. but 35. If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will her. A. persuade B. promise C. invite D. support 解析 21.A根据答语Either will do“任一个都可以”可知，答案应为“我不介意”。 22.C前一空用定冠词the，是特指“未完成的画作”，后一空用了介词短with satisfaction语修饰动词look at。又如：Smith has done something with satisfaction. 23.C一般现在时表示经常性的动作，“每一步都显示/证明出来”。 Show，意为“显示”“证明”,“表明”。又如： Her worry showed in her eyes. 她的眼神显露忧愁。 His remarks showed that he misunderstood my position on the question. 他的话说明他误解了我在这一问题上的立场。 24.D It是形式主语，从句中缺少do的宾语，名词性从句引导词在从句中充当成分，故选择what作为主语从句的引导词充当从句中谓语动词do的宾语。 25.B句意为“虽然我必须要说你看起来很熟悉，但我不相信我们之前见过”，转折关系，选although。 26.D so much the better是固定搭配，句意为”那就更好了” 又如： If I can have them, so much the better. 要是我会用筷子就更好了。 If you have two single rooms, so much the better. 如果你们有两个单人房，那就更好了。 27.B put down有“写下，记下”之意，符合语境。 28.A这是独立主格的结构，“如果天气允许的话”，weather是permit这个动作的发出者，故用现在分词形式=if weather permits。 29.A倍数表示法“倍数+as+adj原级+as+比较成分”。 30.D句意为“我不需要用闹钟叫我起床因为每天早上六点都会有一列火车经过我家”，应选“不需要”，即needn’t。 31.C后半句说，“因为他们都有工作要做”，从而可知他们都不想去，两个人都不用neither或者nor。 32.D非谓语中，主语film是compare这个动作的受动者，所以用过去分词表被动。 33.C前半句使用过去完成时，是过去的过去，所以后半句必须使用过去的时间基准，后半句应使用过去时。 34.B or表示否则。句意为“你必须让让路否则那辆卡车没法从你这过去”。 35.A考察动词词意，句意是“如果她不想走，你说什么也无法说服她”，persuade说服，promise许诺，invite邀请，support支持。 第二节 完形填空(共20小.:每小1.5分.满分30分) 阅读下面短文.从短文后各题所给的四个选项《A、B. C和D》中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项小涂黑。 Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all !It speaks 36 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 37 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal（非语言）communication takes up about 50% of what we really 38 。And body language is particularly 39 when we attempt to communicate across cultures。Indeed, what is called body language is so 40 ，a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed。And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 41 , different societies treat the 42 , between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having 43 , contact(接触) even with friends, and certainly not with 44 . People from Latin American countries 45 , touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in 46 ,it may look like a Latino is 47 a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving 48. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 49 - which the Latino will in return regard as 50 _. Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 51 .And only a part of it is in the wards themselves. And when parties are from 52 cultures, there's a strong possibility of 53 . But whatever the situation, the best 54 is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 55 _. 36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further 37. A. sands B. invitations C. feelings D. messages 38. A. hope B. receive C. discover D. mean 39. A. immediate B. misleading C. important D. difficult 40. A. we11 B. far C. much D. long 41. A. For example B. Thus C. However D. In short 42. A. trade B. distance C. connections D. greetings 43. A. eye B. verbal C. bodily D. telephone 44. A. strangers B. Relatives C. neighbours D. enemies 45. A. in other words B. on the other hand C. in a similar way D. by all means 46. A. trouble B. conversation C. silence D. experiment 47. A. disturbing B. Helping C. guiding D. following 48. A. closer B. faster C. in D. away 49. A. stepping forward B. going on C. backing away D. coming out 50. A. weakness B. carelessness C. friendliness D. coldness 5 I. A. talk B. travel C. laugh D. think 52. A. different B. European C. Latino D. rich 53. A. curiosity B. excitement C. misunderstanding D. nervousness 54. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice 55. A. noticed B. treated C. respected D. pleased 解析 36.B 由Actions speak louder than words.或者 Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩可以推知此句选B。 37.D我们的身体发送的信息比我们意识到的更多，message信息。 38.D非言语的交流占据我们真正意思的50%。只有mean“(言词等)表示...的意思”符合语境。又如： What does the phrase mean? 这短语是什么意思? 39.C根据上文可知，肢体语言非常重要。 40.C根据前文，肢体语言占据我们生活交流中的很大一部分，以至于我们都经常不会去注意它。 41.A前面说误会因此发生，后文是一个实例，所以这里承上启下，用for example。 42.B根据后文实例可以知道这里要说的是人与人之间的距离的问题。 43.C由后文描述可知这里是说肢体接触的问题。 44.A北欧人甚至不喜欢和朋友有肢体接触，当然更不喜欢和陌生人（stranger）了。 45.B与前一句对比，再参考下文，可知拉丁美洲的人恰恰相反，用on the other hand表示“另一方面”。 46.B根据后文，应是在谈话中。 47.D由后文描述的场景知，是拉丁美洲的人在跟着那个挪威人。 48.A根据前文所说拉丁美洲人的习俗，应该是靠近来表示友好。 49.C挪威人不愿有肢体接触，一定是向后退了。 50.D拉丁美洲人一定会觉得挪威人不愿接近自己是一种不友好的、冷漠（coldness）的表现。 51.A当人们在交流、谈话的时候，很多事情在进行——潜台词是，包括肢体语言的交流。 52.A根据全篇谈论的内容，来自不同（different）文化，所以很有可能会有误解（misunderstanding）。 53.C根据全篇谈论的内容，来自不同（different）文化，所以很有可能会有误解（misunderstanding），也同时与第一段的misunderstanding相对。 54.D无论情况如何，最好的建议（advice）是：用自己想被对待的方式对待别人。就是己所不欲，勿施于人。 55.B由上题句意知应为treate与这句话开头的treat相对。 第三部分阅读理解（共20 小题，每小题2分，满分40分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中，选出最佳选项.并在答且卡 上将该项涂黑。 A Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids (孩子) to? Try some of these places ·Visit art museums. They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest. Many offer workshops for making land-made pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings by children's favorite writer, and even musical performances and other arts. ·Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur(恐龙) models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up. ·Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet(木偶)making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find. ·Try hands-on science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums. 56. If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit A. a Youtheater B. an art museum C. a natural history museum D. a hands-on science museum 57. What can kids do at a Youtheater? A. Look at rock collections. B. See dinosaur models. C. Watch puppet making. D. Give performances. 58. What does "hands-on science" mean in the last paragraph? A. Science games designed by kids. B. Learning science by doing things. C. A show of kids' science work. D. Reading science books. 59. Where does this text probably come from? A. A science textbook. B. A tourist map. C. A museum guide. D. A news report. 56.C细节推理题。如果对宇宙感兴趣，根据第三段“pictures of stars in the sky”可知在natural history museum可以找到与宇宙有关的事情。 57.C细节推理题。由第四段中的“puppet making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find”可知，在youtheater可以watch puppet making。 58.B细节推理题。根据第五段全部内容可知，就是让孩子自己动手做一些实验等。 59.C推理判断题。本文介绍了四种不同的museum，当然是来自museum guide了。 B Honey(蜂蜜)from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest(巢)and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax (蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit. 60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest? A. It's small in size. B. It's hidden in trees. C. It's covered with wax. D. It's hard to recognize. 61. What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A bee. B. A bird. C. A honey seeker. D. A beekeeper. 62. The honey guide is special in the way____________。 A. it gets its food B. it goes to church C. it sings in the forest D. it reaches into bees' nests 63. What can be the best title for the text? A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey C. Beekeeping in Africa D. Honey-Lover's Helper 61,C推理判断题。follower指的是跟着honey guide找蜂蜜的人，即honey seeker。 62.A推理判断题。根据第二段，honey guide得到食物的方式是吸引别人去摘蜂巢它再趁机吃些剩下的honey和wax，这很特别。 63.D归纳总结题。综合全文，主要讲述的是这种鸟——honey guide，即honey-lover’s helper。 C About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our "act" would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things. We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in "snow". Two more fans were turned on, and a "strong wind" blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold. The next scene was a complete contrast (对比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen (幕). An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio! Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film "stars"! 64. Who is the author? A. A cameraman. B. .A film director. C. A crowd-scene actor. D. A workman for scene setting. 65. What made the author feel cold? A. The heavy snowfall. B. The man-made scene. C. The low temperature. D. The film being shown. 66. What would happen in the "three minutes" mentioned in the last paragraph? A. A new scene would be filmed. B. More stars would act in the film. C. The author would leave the studio. D. The next scene would be prepared. 64.C推理判断题。根据全文，作者是一个群众演员。 65.B细节推理题。由第二段，本来天很热，但工作人员营造了下雪的场景，场景如此逼真让作者都觉得冷了。 66.A细节推理题。根据最后一段可知，应该是作者参演的新场景被拍摄的三分钟。 D Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning , which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试)increase the length of time we will remember it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development. 67. What is the main idea of paragraph I? A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D. Stories for children arc easy to remember. 68. The author explains the law of overlearning by_________. A. presenting research findings B. selling down general rules C. making a comparison D. using examples 69. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_______. A. a result of overlearning B. a special case of cramming C. a skill to deal with math problems D. a basic step towards advanced studies 70. What does the word "they" in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Commonly accepted rules. B. The multiplication tables. C. Things easily forgotten. D. School subjects. 71. What is the author's opinion on cramming? A. It le