战国时期秦国封君考论 孙国志

2002年 7 月 总第 29 卷 第 4期 求是学刊 SEEKING TRUTH July , 2002 Vol. 29 No. 4 战国时期秦国封君考论 孙国 志 (哈尔滨师范大学 历史系, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080) 摘 要:封君制是战国时期列国普遍推行的一种政治,秦国的封君制是其中比较典型者,它上承西周、春 秋时代的卿大夫食禄制,下启汉代的封君食邑制度。同时 ,与其他六国相比, 秦国的封君制度融入了军功爵制 的,即秦不仅仅分封子弟, 更重要的是秦以封君作为对立有重大军功的大臣的最高爵位奖赏。正因如此, 秦国的封君在秦国逐步蚕食东方六国直至统一的进程中均起了不可替代的作用。故本文对秦国的封君进行 逐一考证,以明其源流及对秦国政治的影响。 关键词:秦国; 封君; 考证 作者简介:孙国志( 1970- ) , 男,黑龙江依安人, 哈尔滨师范大学历史系硕士研究生, 主要从事中国先秦两汉史 研究。 中图分类号: K207 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000- 7504( 2002) 04- 0115- 06 收稿日期: 2001- 10- 15 )115) )116) )117) )118) )119) [责任编辑 徐松巍] A Study of the Placement of Officials in the Times of the Warring States SUN Guo- zhi ( Department of History, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China ) Abstract: The institution of official placement is a political institution commonly promoted in the times of the Warring states. The institution of official placement is more typical of its type, inheriting the food and salary institution of the times of West Chou and the Spring and Autumn Period and giving rise to the inst itut ion of food and counties. In the meantime, compared to the six other kingdoms, the official placement institution borrowed from the military practice of merits and ranks of nobility, i. e. in the Qin Dynasty. There were not only placements of the imperial juniors but most importantly the Qin Hanasty awarded the highest ranks of nobility to those ministers who accomplished important military merits. Thus, the placement of officials played an irreplaceable role in its nibbling at the six kingdoms to its east towards integrat ion. This article makes a close survey of the placement of off icials to prove its origin and its impact on the politics in the Qin Dynasty. Key words: Qin State; Fenjun; Textual research )120)