JJG1007-1987_温度计量名词术语

温度计量名词术语 (试 行) JJG 1007- 1987 化工资料下载网 www.chemdown.cn 行业标准免费下载 温度计t名词术语 (试行) J.JG 1007-1987 Technical Norm of Temperature Metrological Terms 本计量技术经国家计量局1987年1月29日批准，并自1987年I1月1日起施行 该规范供制定、修改计量技术法规，计量检定和计量管理工作使用 已通过的计量名词术语按照 《JJG 1001-1982常用计量名词术语及定义》使用，故末 列人本规范中。 归口单位:中国计量科学研究院 起草单位:中国计量科学研究院 本技术规范条文由起草单位负责解释。 本规范主要起草人: 凌善康(中国计量科学研究院热工处) 李而明 (中国计量科学研究院热工处) 化工资料下载网 www.chemdown.cn 行业标准免费下载 目 录 一 一般术语·······················································································⋯⋯ 1955 1热平衡·······································································，····················⋯⋯ 1955 2 温度····························································································⋯⋯ 1955 3 测温学····························································································⋯⋯ 1955 4 温标·····················，··········································································⋯⋯ 1955 5 经验温标························································································⋯ 1955 6 热力学温标··········，··········，·················，·············································⋯⋯ 1955 7 热力学温度···········································，······································⋯⋯ 1955 8 开尔文·············································，·····················，························⋯⋯ 1955 9 摄氏温度······，·，，································。··，···········································⋯⋯ 1955 10 摄氏度 ···，····，··················································································一 1955 i1 国际实用温标 ········································································，·······一 1956 12 温标的复现 ···················································································⋯⋯ 1956 13 温标的次级复现 ············································································⋯⋯ 1956 14 温度计 ·····，··································································，···········⋯⋯ 1956 15 (温度计的)检定 ···························································，··············⋯⋯1956 16 (温度计的)分度 ··········································································⋯⋯ 1956 17 (温度测量的)复现性 ····································································⋯⋯ 1956 18 (温度测量的)重复性 ··································································⋯⋯ 1956 19 (温度计的)稳定性 ··················，····················································⋯⋯ 1956 20 非唯一性 ······································，·············································⋯⋯ 1956 21 (温度计的)灵敏度 ·································································，······⋯⋯ 1957 22 ‘温度计的)时间常数 ·······，··，，·】1 ·，·，，，，，·，，··· ········， ，， ， 1957 23 (温度计的)响应时间 ·............................................................·······⋯⋯1957 24 (温度计的)漂移 ···························································，·············⋯⋯1957 25 温度传感器 ···················································································⋯⋯ 1957 26 相 ···············，·····，·········································································⋯⋯ 1957 27 相变 ，·，，···················，····································································⋯⋯ 1957 28 固定点 ·························································································⋯⋯ 1957 29 定义固定点 ···················································································⋯⋯ 1957 30 三相点 ······················································································，···⋯⋯ 1957 31 水三相点 ·······，··········································································，⋯⋯ 1957 32 凝固点 ，···············································，·······································⋯⋯ 1957 33 熔化点 ························································································⋯⋯ 1957 34 露点 ····························································································⋯⋯ 1958 35 超导性 ‘·······················································································⋯⋯ 1958 1951 化工资料下载网 www.chemdown.cn 行业标准免费下载 36 超导转变温度 ············································，···························，······⋯⋯ 1958 37 超导转变宽度 ·························。··············..·····，.····.······.⋯⋯，.·····.⋯⋯ 1958 38 凝固热 ·，···············································································⋯⋯ 1958 39 熔解热 ··························.·····.·······.·······································.········.··⋯ 1958 40 气化热 ·············································································，·····⋯⋯ 1958 41 潜热 ··········⋯⋯，··..·····················‘·······································.·······⋯ 1958 42 导热 ··················································································⋯⋯ 1958 43 热对流 ·······················································································⋯ 1958 44 热辐射 ···········································································】············⋯⋯ 1958 45 热导率 ···························。······················.·················。·············⋯⋯ 1958 46 温度场 ·······················································································⋯⋯ 1959 47 温度梯度 ···········，··································，···································⋯⋯ 1959 48 退火 ······，····························································，·················⋯⋯ 1959 49 应变 ························································································⋯⋯ 1959 二 接触式测温 .......................................................................................... 1959 50 电阻率 ·····················，·····················。······················，···················⋯⋯ 1959 51 电阻温度系数··················································································一 1959 52 接触电阻 ··，································，·····，··········································⋯⋯ 1959 53 马提生法则 ···································，·····································，··。·····⋯⋯ 1959 54 近藤效应 、·、、·、·、···、·、··、··、、·、····、、、、·、、·、、、、、·、·、、····、、、、····、、·、、··、、、···、‘、、··、···、、··⋯⋯ 1959 55 铂温度 ·····················，······································，·······，·····················一 1959 56 铂纯度 ····································································，····················⋯⋯ 1960 57 耗散功率 ·······，································，···············································一 1960 58 电阻温度计 ············，······································································⋯⋯ 1960 59标准铂电阻温度计 ···········································································⋯⋯1960 60标准锗铁电阻温度计 ····································································⋯⋯1960 61标准锗电阻温度计 ······································，·······················，············⋯⋯1960 62 工业热电阻组件 ·············································································⋯⋯ 1961 63 热敏电阻 ·················································，·······················，············⋯⋯ 1961 64 电阻温度计的热效应 ··················，··················································⋯⋯1961 65 温差电现象 ············································，·························，············⋯⋯ 1961 塞贝克效应 ·················································································⋯⋯ 1961 66 接触电动势 ···。················································································一 1961 67 热电偶 ·························································································⋯⋯ 1961 68标准铂锗10一铂热电偶 ·····················，·······························，·············⋯⋯ 1961 69 工业热电偶组件 ··················，·····，·····················································⋯⋯ 1961 70 热电极组件 ········，···········································································⋯⋯ 1961 71 绝缘物 ·········，·················································，····························⋯⋯ 1961 72 保护管 ······，·······································，·····································】····⋯⋯ 1961 73 补偿导线 ·······················································································⋯⋯ 1961 飞952 化工资料下载网 www.chemdown.cn 行业标准免费下载 74 延伸型补偿导线····························，······································⋯⋯、.⋯⋯，二1961 75 补偿型补偿导线···································································⋯⋯、⋯ ，.⋯ 1962 76 恺装热电偶 ··········································.............·················⋯⋯、....⋯⋯ 1962 77 热电偶的比较 (双极)检定法 ···························································⋯⋯ 1962 78 热电偶的同名极检定法 ········································，····························⋯⋯ 1962 79 热电偶的微差检定法·····························································⋯⋯，..⋯，二1962 80平均体膨胀系数 ········，··························································⋯⋯、....⋯⋯ 1962 81液体视膨胀系数 ·········································································....⋯⋯ 1962 82 棒式玻璃液体温度计 ·················································，············一 、....⋯⋯ 1962 83 内标式玻璃液体温度计 ···························································.··..··⋯ 1962 84 外标式玻璃液体温度计 ·····································································⋯⋯ 1962 85 最高温度计 ···············································································.....⋯⋯ 1962 86 最低温度计 ··············································································.....⋯⋯ 1962 87 电接点玻璃温度计 ·······································································⋯⋯ 1962 88 双金属温度计 ············································································⋯⋯ 1962 89 充灌式感温系统 ·········································································⋯⋯ 1963 90 压力式温度计 ···········································································、····⋯⋯ 1963 91 温度锥 ······，·················································································⋯⋯ 1963 92 气体温度计 ··············································································...⋯⋯ 1963 93 声学温度计 ·········································································⋯⋯，....⋯⋯ 1963 94 频率温度计 ················································································....⋯⋯ 1963 95 噪声温度计 ························································，··············，····、..⋯，.⋯ 1963 96 检定炉 ··························································，··，····，·················....⋯⋯ 1964 97 定点炉 ··························································································⋯⋯ 1964 98 水槽 ···························································································⋯⋯ 1964 99 油槽 ··························································································⋯⋯ 1964 100 酒精低温槽·······················，············，·，·········································....⋯⋯ 1964 101水三相点容器··································，········，········，····························⋯⋯ 1964 102 高压密封三相点容器········································································⋯⋯ 1964 三 非接触测温 ·......................................................................................... 1964 103 辐射能····，····，···············································································⋯⋯ 1964 104 辐射通量··················································································....⋯⋯ 1964 辐射功率·······································，···············································⋯⋯ 1964 105 辐射强度········、··············································································⋯⋯ 1964 106 辐射亮度································································‘······················⋯⋯ 1964 107 光谱辐射亮度··················································································一 1965 108 辐射出射度··················································································⋯⋯ 1965 109 斯武藩一玻耳兹曼常数 ·········................................................................. 1965 110 第一辐射常数·················································································⋯⋯1965 第二辐射常数····································，·，········································⋯⋯ 1965 化工资料下载网 www.chemdown.cn 行业标准免费下载 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 (绝对)黑体······，······························.·····································‘⋯⋯，二1965 热辐射体····························，····························。····················，···⋯⋯ 1965 余弦辐射体········································.··，·································..··⋯⋯ 1966 灰体·，·······························，·····················································⋯⋯ 1966 吸收系数···················································································⋯⋯ 1966 透射系数 ····、····、···，、···、·······················，···】·····························⋯⋯ 1966 发射率······················································，·····························⋯ 1966 全发射率······································································。········⋯⋯ 1966 光潜发射率·················。·············，·················································⋯⋯ 1966 有效发射率·········································································。········⋯⋯ 1966 视在 (观)温度······································，·······························⋯⋯ 1966 亮度温度············。·····································································⋯⋯ 1966 (全)辐射温度····，······························，····················。·················⋯⋯ 1966 颜色温度·····，·····。························································，·············⋯⋯ 1967 比色温度···，·······································。·································⋯⋯ 1967 辐射测温法，·······························································，················⋯⋯ 1967 亮度测温法·，································，······················。························⋯⋯ 1967 全辐射测温法···，······························································，············⋯⋯ 1967 颜色测温法····················································································⋯⋯ 1967 比色测温法·..................................···············································⋯⋯ 1967 辐射温度计······，··························，·················································⋯ 1967 隐丝式光学高温计·······································································⋯⋯ 1967 (全)辐射高温计·································································】········⋯⋯ 1967 颜色温度计····················································································⋯⋯ 1967 比色温度计··························，·························································⋯⋯ 1967 光电温度计··············，·······，····························································⋯⋯ 1967 光电比较仪·····，·····································，·····························，····，···⋯⋯ 1968 红外温度计···················································，·······························⋯⋯ 1968 热象仪··························································································⋯⋯ 1968 距离系数··························、，···········、·介、、··，·、·、，·、、·，，、·‘·、、·、、、·、、二 1968 干涉滤光片···················································································⋯⋯ 1968 红色滤光片·················································································⋯⋯ 1968 吸收滤光片···························································，·······················⋯⋯ 1968 光谱光视效率·······，········································································⋯⋯ 1968 (平均)有效波长··························。···························，···········，·······⋯⋯ 1968 极限有效波长·····························································，················⋯⋯ 1968 黑体炉··································································，······················，··⋯ 1968 钨带灯···················································，···，·····················，···········⋯⋯ 1968 高温计灯泡··················································································⋯⋯1969 辐射探测器···························。·······················································，··⋯ 1969 ? ? ? ，? ?? ， ? ? ? ， ? ? ? ? ? ， ? ? ? ?? ? ， ? ? ，， ，? ?? ， ?? ，? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 1954 化工资料下载网 www.chemdown.cn 行业标准免费下载 温度 计量 名 词术 语 一 一 般 术 语 1 热平衡 (hhermal equilibrium) 当物体吸收的热量等于放出的热量，物体各部分都具有相同的温度时，物体呈热平衡; 或两个以及多个物体之间，通过热量交换，彼此都具有相同的温度时，物体间r7Y:热平衡( 2 温度 (Temperature) 温度是描述系统不同自由度之间能量分布状况的基本物理量。温度是决定一系统是否与 其他系统处于热平衡的宏观性质，一切互为热平衡的系统都具有相同的温度 分子运动论以微观的角度来观察，温度是与大量分子的平均动能相联系，它标志着物体 内部分子无规则运动的剧烈程度 注 : 温度是 七个基本物理量之一J 3 测温学 (Thermometry) 研究温度测量的理论和 4 温标 (Temperature scale) 温度的数值表示法 5 经验温标 (Experimental temperature scale) 借助于某物质的物理参量与温度变化的关系，用实验方法或经验公式构成的温标。 例: 现行的国际实用温标，曾采用过的摄氏温标和华氏温标等。 6 热力学温标 (Thermodynamic temperature scale) 以热力学第二定律为基础的温标。 注 : 根据卡诺定理的推论可知，工作于两个恒定热源之间的一切可逆 仁诺热机的效率与工作物质无关 只 与两个热源的温度有关。这样定义的温标称为热力学温标或开尔文温标 7 热力学温度 (Thermodynamic temperature) 按热力学原理所确定的温度。 注 : 热力学温度是唯一既能统一，又能描述热力学性质和现象的温度 8 开尔文 (Kelvin) 热力学温度的单位。开尔文定义为水三相点热力学温度的1273.150符号为K 9 摄氏温度 (Celsius temperature) 以热力学温度与比水三相点低O.O1K的热状态之差来表示的温度。符号为O*C I 注 : 摄氏温度 r与热力学温度了之间的数值关系为: t=TK一273” 10 摄氏度 (Degree Celsius) 1955 化工资料下载网 www.chemdown.cn 行业标准免费下载 是摄氏温度的单位，它的大小等于开尔文 11 国际实用温标 (International Practical Temperature Scale) 由国际而采用的易于高精度复现，并在当时知识和技术水平范围内尽可能接近热力 学温度的经验温标。 注 (1)现行的国际实用温标是 “1968年国际实用温标 (1975年修汀版)‘’。它包括 13个定义固定点 (这 些固定点己由气体温度计做了精确的测定);规定的内插仪器和温度与相应物理量的函数关系_ (2) 1976年0.5K一30K暂行温标 (1976 Pmvisional0.5K一30K Temperature Scale)属于暂时补允1968 年国际实用温标的温标，它包括 i1个固定点并赋予 一定的热力学温度值。各固定点之间的温度值 可用气体温度计或磁温度计来实现 5.2K以下可使用'He和“He蒸气压温标JE1' 1’一76通过锗温 度计或铭铁温度计等次级标准温度计传递 12 温标的复现(Realization of a temperature scale) 按温标的文本所规定的程序操作。 13 温标的次级复现 (Secondary realization of a temperature scale) 指一处或几处偏离温标的文本所规定的程序操作 注 : “次级复现”与温标的最大偏离值应有所规定、 14 温度计 (Thermometer) 测量温度的仪器。 15 (温度计的)检定 (Verification) 为评定温度计的计量性能(准确度、稳定性、灵敏度等)并确定其是否合格所进行的全 部工作 16 (温度计的)分度 (Calibration) 温度计获得被测参数与温度之间的关系的过程。 注 : (1)复现法分度是指在温标复现中，把温度计当作内插仪器而获得结果的过程 (2)比较法分度是指在可变等温场中与已分度的温度计作比较的过程 17 (温度测量的)复现性 (Reproducibility) 由不同的观测者，用不同的测量方法，使用不同的温度计量仪器，在不同的地点，于一 段时间间隔内，对同一被测的温度进行测量时，其结果之间的符合程度。 注 : 复现性可用测量结果的分散性来定量表示 11:: (温度测量的)重复性 (Repeatability) 由同一观测者，用相同的测温方法，使用同一温度计量仪器，在同一地点，于很短的时 间间隔内，对同一被测温度作多次测量时，其结果之间的符合程度G 19 (温度计的)稳定性 (Stability) 温度计具有保持其计量特性恒定的能力 注 : 通常稳定度是指对时间的稳定度，当考虑对别的量的稳定度时，应该明确规定。 20 非唯一性(Non-uniqueness) 将在固定点下已分度的温度计插人均匀温场中，按规定的公式计算各温度计在固定点之 1956 化工资料下载网 www.chemdown.cn 行业标准免费下载 间的温度，各温度计指示的相互差异就是温标定义的非唯一性 21 (温度计的)灵敏度 (Sensitivity) 温度计的响应变化除以相应的激励变化 22 (温度计的)时间常数 (rime constant) 由于被测量的阶跃变化。计量仪表输出上升到最终值的63.2%时所需的持续时间 23 (温度计的)响应时间 (Response time) 激励受到突变时刻起，直至响应到达某一规定时刻为止的时间问隔 24 (温度计的)漂移 (Drift) 温度计的计量特性随时间的慢变化.1 25 温度传感器(Temperature sensor or transducer) 凡直接或非直接受被测温度场作用并进行信息转换的元件 26 相 (Phase) 是系统中物理性质均匀的部分。这是物质分子集结的特定形式 27 相变 (Phase transition) 在特定的温度和压强下，一种相可以转变为另一种相，称为相变 注 : 对于单元系，体积发生变化。并伴有相变潜热的相变称为 级相变，例如，固体熔化为液体，液体汽 化为气体，固体升华为气体;体积不发生变化，也没有相变潜热，只是热容量、热膨胀系数、等温压缩系 数只者发生突变的相变称为二级相变。 例如: 液态氦I和氦Q间的转变，超导体由正常态转变为超导态均属于此类相变。 28 固定点 (Fixed point) 物质不同相之间的可复现的平衡温度。 29 定义固定点(Defining fixed point) 国际实用温标中所规定的可复现的平衡温度 30 三相点 (Triple point) 指单组分系 (一种纯物质)中有三个相在平衡共存时的温度和压强。 31 水三相点 (Triple point of water) 水、冰、汽三相平衡共存时，其温度为273.16K (0.011C)，压强为609.14Pao 注 : 水三相点为测温学中最基本的固定点J 32 凝固点 (Freezing point) 晶体物质凝固时的温度。 注 : 即晶体物质的液态和固态可平衡共存的温度。凝固点决定于晶体的种类和所受的压强。在一定压强下， 任何晶体的凝固点和其熔化点相同。 33 熔化点 (Melting point) 晶体物质熔解时的温度。 注: 即晶体物质的固态和液态可平衡共存的温度，各种晶体的熔化点不同。对P同一种晶体，则熔化点又 与所受的压强有关。非晶体 (如玻璃、石蜡、塑料等)无熔化点匕 1957 化工资料下载网 www.chemdown.cn 行业标准免费下载 34 露点 (Dew point) 气压不变，水汽无增减的情况下，未饱和空气因冷却而达到饱和时的温度 注 : 气温与露点的差值愈小，表示空气愈接近饱和 35 超导性 (Superconductivity) 在温度和磁场都小于一定数值的条件下，导电材料的电阻和体内磁感应强度都突然变为 零的性质。 注: 具有超导性的物体称为超导体。 36 超导转变温度 (Superconducting transition temperature) 在零磁场下，超导材料由超导态转变为正常态的温度 注: 超导转变温度(To)在低温测温学中是十分有用的固定点 37 超导转变宽度 (Superconducting transition width) 磁化率变化的中央部分80%的温区 38 凝固热 (Freezing heat) 单位质量的晶体物质在凝固时，从液态全部变为固态时所放出的热量〔， 39 熔解热