CET4快速阅读精讲

nullCET4快速阅读CET4快速阅读题型题型分析文章长度: 1000~1200字左右 答题时间: 15分钟 文章特点: 配有大、小标题 ★ 1~7 题以细节题为主, 出题顺序基本与文章 段落顺序一致. ★ 有时第一题为主旨题. ★ 推断题较少,多数能够直接从原文找到答案null 前面7个题可以是选择题，也可以是判断正误（Y，N，NG题），后3个是填空题(答案基本都是原文中出现的原词)。 基本要求基本要求 不要求完全理解，只要求能够通过略读或查读的方式找到题干的信息，并根据原文内容做出正确选择。文章中有很多信息是无用的，根据题目去找其对应原文的信息，再把该题目和原文信息相比就可以得出答案。 文章及出题特点文章及出题特点 1.考察短时间内skimming（略读）和scanning（查读）的能力，即获取篇章主旨（通常为第一道题）和查询具体细节信息的能力，对于阅读速度有较高的要求，但对于阅读的深度要求则相对较低； 2.根据样题和真题，文章篇章形式分含有小标题的和不含小标题的。没有小标题的文章,难度上要低于有小标题的文章｡因为没有小标题的文章一般满足两大特点:第一、题文同序｡ 第二、每个题目存在特别明显的定位标志,以方便定位｡ null3.判断正误题/选择题的第一题有可能会考对文章的整体把握。此题的设置与文章的大标题和小标题密切相关。 4.判断正误题/选择题的第二题到第七题主要针对文中出现的细节事实设问，做题的关键是：捕捉题干关键词，定位在原文的位置。 5.填空题的答案一般是文章出现的原词，但06.12.真题的No.8和No.9/07.12.真题的No.9出现了需要语法变换的情况 。 （分析：填空题部分不仅考查阅读能力，还考查运用词汇和语法的能力。虽然绝大部分答案来自原文原词，个别时候也要对原文中的单词或结构做出部分改动，还需注意语态、时态、名词的单复数等问题。） 6.题目的顺序和原文内容的顺序一般基本一致.解题方法 (3-8-4)解题方法 (3-8-4)1. 通读全文, 标出信息词 ---- 年代,数字,人名,国名, 地名, 组织结构名称等. (3 分钟) 2. 小标题，大作用 -- 小标题的作用如同字典前面的目录，可以帮助考生宏观的把握文章框架，迅速寻找到有效信息的范围。如文章有小标题, 标出关键词. 在快速阅读当中，第一步工作应该是用提干去对应小标题，先确定大的范围，然后在确定的小标题项下查读 。避免重复阅读无关信息，提高查读的针对性，涉及到宏观点考察的时候，小标题的综合就是主旨题答案的来源。 null3. 阅读考题，标出各题中的核心词，并以此为线索在原文查读，找出答案在原文出划线并在考题旁注明出处以便在复查时节省时间。 (8 分钟) 4. 答题结束后进行复查。(4 分钟)注意事项注意事项1.没有必要去关注那些对答题没有帮助的内容，了解文章中的每一个细节（时间不允许）；更不能因为一个不知从何处冒出的难句或生词而彻底放慢速度，跟文章的细节内容纠缠不休，要敢于毅然决然地一掠而过，如果需要，可以在心中用合理性原则推知它们的大致含义。 2.对某个选项没有把握或把握不大，最好不要急于做出选择，先做好记号，待选项全做完后返回重新处理。切忌因为跟某一道题纠缠而无法按时完成做题。 null3.做题要忠实原文，拒绝主观臆断。 4.做填空题时，所填内容一定要符合整句话的语法规则。 如：In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid ___________. water pollution / polluting water 不能写成pollute water. 答题策略：答题策略：命题的顺序基本与原文保持一致，其中以段落的首、尾句处为最常考的内容。，如果第一题找到了原文的位置，第三题也找到了，不过第二题却找不到，但是，根据原文的顺序与出题的顺序大致一致，那么第二题的位置就很清楚了，在第一题和第三题对应文章信息中间。 null顺序： 读文章标题，“略读”，掌握大意 读题，把题目中的定位词先圈出来，再回原文找。 找答案，“寻读” 填写答案 Step1：看标题，略读Step1：看标题，略读(1)了解文章的主题； (2)对文章的结构获得一个整体概念； (3)对各部分的内容获得一个粗略的印象； (4)对文章主旨做出判断。null文章的标题有两种：大标题和小标题。 如2008年6月的四级考试。大标题为Media Selection for Advertisement，小标题有七个，分别是：Television、Newspaper、Radio、Magazines、Out-of-home advertising、Internet、Direct mail。 第1题题干中有television、第2题有TV channels，第9题题干有direct mailnull5.Protect your references. If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take it out. There’s no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references.. Q: To protect your references, you should not post online their _______null原文的几个小标题为： How Much Trash Is Generated；How Is Trash Disposed of ；What Is a Landfill；Proposing the landfill；Building the Landfill；What Happens to Trash in a Landfill；How Is a Landfill Operated Q: The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.如何“快”速略读？如何“快”速略读？1.关系连词 2. 标点符号Step1：看标题，略读关系连词关系连词因果关系（therefore，consequently，because等）并列、递进关系（and, in addition，besides等）转折关系（however，but, yet） 　这些逻辑提示词从阅读的角度来看，其实同时在给我们某种提示，告诉我们哪些句子是有效信息，相对重要的信息，哪些信息是相对不重要的信息。nullYou have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don’t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don’t have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up. 　　可以仅保留阅读转折词之后的信息。null并列、递进关系词， 　　Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled. 　　In addition, there is a waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. 标点符号标点符号　可以运用标点符号(破折号、小括号、冒号) 　　例如： 　　Dump—an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people’s idea of a landfill!) 　　Landfill—carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.Step2：看题目，定位词Step2：看题目，定位词A. 时间、数字、地点、大写字母的单词容易定位。 B. 比较长，难的名词容易定位，好找。 C.题干核心的名词、动词、形容词、副词等。　 D. 定位词找2-3个就行，多了也记不住。最好是位置不同的两个词。null Q: The function of UNESCO is to lead the governments and other international agencies to promote life skills. Q: In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments. Step3：带着“定位词”，找答案Step3：带着“定位词”，找答案nullQ: It was in the 1950s that American government finally took action to build a national highway system. nullThe interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Q: It was in the 1950s that American government finally took action to build a national highway system.什么是略读（skimming）？什么是略读（skimming）？ 略读又称跳读（reading and skipping）或浏览（glancing）,是一种专门的、非常实用的快速阅读技能。所谓略读,是指以尽可能快的速度阅读,如同从飞机上鸟瞰（bird's eye view ）地面上的明显标志一样,迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说,略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读,可跳过某些细节,以求抓住文章的大概,从而加快阅读速度。 如何略读？如何略读？首先看一下大、小标题； 接着读第一段； 再浏览一下其他段落的首句和末句； 最后读完结尾段。 （注：对文章的首段和末段可多加注意，以便发现作者的观点 。）小标题的作用小标题的作用迅速合理推测并确定文章的大概内容 。 提高查读的针对性 ，避免重复阅读无关信息 。 帮助尽快锁定解题范围。当题目涉及到文章主旨意思时，小标题的综合就是主旨题答案的来源。 对推测出生词的词义范围有积极的意义。 例 子例 子大标题： Landfills 小标题：How Much Trash Is Generated? How Is Trash Disposed of (处理）? What Is a Landfill? Proposing the Landfill Building the Landfill What Happens to Trash in a Landfill? How Is a Landfill Operated? 从大标题中可以推断出这篇文章主要介绍的是垃圾处理设施---landfill，从小标题中可以推测文章将会重点分步介绍产生有多少垃圾，垃圾场如何处理垃圾，垃圾处理场的定义，垃圾处理场的规划、修建，以及如何运作等 。 Q: The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill. A: Y判断大意的练习判断大意的练习大标题: Victoria Aims to Gain Advantage in Global Food Market 小标题：Food safety tops the list Paying an extra cost for ethical foods Gap between theory and practice New approaches Q: The passage is mainly about how the government developed new approaches to improve Victoria’s access to international markets. A: N null大标题：Global Warming 小标题：Changing Climate What’s Known for Certain? What Are the Uncertainties? Impacts of Global Warming What’s Being Done? What Can an Individual Do? Q: The passage is mainly about the causes and the influences of global warming, and the measures against it. A: Y 什么是寻读（scanning）？什么是寻读（scanning）？寻读又称查读,同略读一样,寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。熟练的读者善于运用寻读获得具体信息,以提高阅读效率。 寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息,如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等,而对其它无关部分则略去不读的快速阅读方法。运用这种方法,读者就能在最短的时间内掠过尽可能多的印刷材料,找到所需要的信息。 如何根据题目中的关键词迅速定位？如何根据题目中的关键词迅速定位？关键词：可以是题干中重要的主题词，或者是特征比较明显，容易识别，具备重要提示功能的信号词。 1）表示人名、地点、机构名、产品名称、时间、数字的词语； ① National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921. ②The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition_____________. null2）特殊印刷体---大写字母、斜体词、粗体词、带下划线的词、特殊符号、以及特殊标点如括号、双引号等; HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 are resulted from various industrial processes. 3）新信息; It’s still uncertain whether global warming will lead to stronger hurricanes.(全篇讲global warming，因此该词是旧信息） 4）超出考纲词汇的生词; The platypus frog became extinct by 1991.null5）题目中如果没有信号词，可根据题目的主题词定位于相应的小标题范围之中，进而定位相关句子。如没有小标题，可以借助题文基本同序的出题特点，直接定位相关句子。 需要密切关注的是题干中的关键词在原文中首次出现的地方通常就是答案所在的位置。主题词一般为名词、动词和修饰限定性成分(形容词、副词及其比较级和最高级等）。 null略读和寻读巧妙搭配 略读(skimming): 快速了解文章的中心思想。 方法:①看一下标题(如有标题)。 ②读第一段，抓住中心思想。 ③浏览其他段落的首句和末句。 ④读结尾段。 　　 null寻读(scanning): 有目标地去找出文中某些特定的信息。要以很快的速度扫视文章，确定所查询的信息范围。 方法：明确查询信息的特点。如： ①人名、地名：寻找首字母大写的单词； ②日期、数目：查找具体数字； ③有关事件、观点等：寻找与此相关的关键词； ④注意转折词，如but, however, conversely, Nevertheless, on the contrary ⑤注意序数词，最高级词等。 方法和思路方法和思路Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet I Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passagenull难点：NG 的两重含义 1 在原文中找不到题目中命题的信息，也就是无关 2 依照全文的相关信息，不能得出题目命题所包含的结论，也就是不确定。 较为简便的方法：把命题转变成问题，如果不能肯定的回答Yes/ No，则为NG题型要求题型要求1 快速定位：找出与题目相关的原文中的句子。 2 语句差异的比较与判断：原文的语句与题目的语句的差异，确定它们的关系是Y，N，还是NG。 解题步骤解题步骤第一步：1分钟略读原文，猎取信息 1. title, subtitle, Section heading, Illustration. 了解大概意思。 2. 如果没有以上各项，则看每段首末句。了解各段大意和结构。null第二步 仔细阅读题干，确定关键词 确定关键词：一个或若干个能表示题干意思且信息量大，有明显提示作用的词。它们是在文章中寻找答案的参照词。必须具备重要提示功能，特征明显。 1 标题，副标题，段落标题和图表； 2 比较明显的描述性名词； 3 副词和形容词以及短语，特别是一些程度词，比较词，最高级等null4 以人名和地名为代表的表示名称的词语 5 时间状语表示时间（年月日小时等）的词语； 6 特殊印刷题：大写字母，斜体字母，粗体字，阿拉伯数字，特殊符号。null第三步 从头到尾快读，根据题干关键词在原文中定位相关语句； 第四步 比较题干中的语句和原文中的语句，根据yes/no/not given 的判断标准和原则，对题干进行判断。 Tip: 出题的顺序一般与文章段落展开的顺序一致。 在快速阅读中，短期记忆相当重要，也相当有效。Yes/No/Not Given 判断标准和原则Yes/No/Not Given 判断标准和原则Yes 选择标准和原则： 1）题干与原文一样（很少见） 2）题干命题是原文出处一致：同义转换 ①句型结构推论 ②原文的主语范围包括了题干的主语范围。 ③简单的数字运算原则 ④双重否定得肯定 ⑤概括总结 null如： ① 句型结构推论： A is better than B→B is not the best one 如：原文：The mother’s warning is a better predictor than any advice from the father in these tasks 题干：The father’s advice is not the best in these tasksnull② 原文的主语范围包括了题干的主语范围。原文为题干的充分条件。一定是主语比较。 原文：All the students and staff are automatically members of this center. 题干：The girl students can become the members of the center.null③ 简单的数字运算原则。原文只出了几组数据和数据之间的逻辑关系，而题干则是在这种逻辑关系下几组数据通过运算得出新的结论。 原文：As many as 20%of all children in the United States suffer from dyslexia 题干：One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.null④ 双重否定得肯定。 原文：Only 14 percent fathers are highly participant in terms of time spent on family work. 题干：The vast majority of fathers do not take part of any great extent in family. 注意：否定词和否定前后缀null⑤ 概括总结。题干对原文的抽象总结 原文：Yet both police officers and the public define “rapid response” as responding up to 10-12 minutes after calling the police for help. 题干：The public and the police generally agree on the amount of time normally taken for a rapid response.nullY1【例】 Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.(2005年样题 No. 2) Q: Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills. (most – majority; ends up – is buried)nullY2【例】 In fact, the rate of suicide in China isn’t one of the highest in the world. It is high but it’s not at the very highest level. The highest levels are in Russia, in the Eastern European countries, like Latvia, Romania, and Hungary.（TOPWAY, Suicide Problem in China No. 1） Q: The suicide rate in China is not as high as that in Russia or some Eastern European countries. 2. No选择标准和原则： 2. No选择标准和原则： 1) 题干的表达与原文直接相反； 2) 排他类情况；原文列举的是多种情形，即几种情况都对，但题干则只说一种情况是对的。通常这类题干种含有must, only等排他性的词汇，这样就直接否定了原文中其他正确的情形。如 原文： A→X, B →X, C →X. 题干：only A →X. nullN 原则：和原文的内容矛盾、相反或不符 1、题目与原文直接相反（经常用反义词、not加同义词及反义结构）； 2、错误比较（原文存在比较的内容）； 3、张冠李戴，造成信息错误；null4、对原文内容或概念过分扩大或限制 A、原文和题目提及情况出现增减(如：内容涉及范围和数量的增减)（both，and，or，also，many VS only，must, all) ； B、原文的命题或观点在一定条件下成立(if, unless, if not, when 或表限制性的从句或短语)，题目舍弃这些条件; C、改变原文频率、程度、可能性[(certain, no, sometimes, usually, always, unlikely(不太可能),impossible (完全不可能)]; null5、原文为人们对某种事物的理论或感觉，题目则强调是客观事实或已被证明（不确定—确定）(原文：theory，seem 题目：fact，prove) nullN1【例】 A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.(2005年样题 No. 4) Q: Landfills are like compost pile in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash.nullN2【例】 Learning doesn’t always go smoothly, for kids and adults alike, which is why it’s important for children to see their parents struggle with something new. (TOPWAY, Secrets of Grade-A Parents No. 6) Q: Learning usually goes more smoothly for adults than for children.nullN4A【例】 In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. (2005年样题 No. 6) Q: In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments. nullN5【例】 And they wonder whether some of the decline in the rolls consists of a new lower class, this one composed of people so poor that the government no longer even knows they exist. (Welfare’s Changing Face No.7) Q: Critics believe that some of the decline in the public assistance rolls consists of a new lower class. null原文：You can join the association for as little as one month and for up to one year at a time. 题干：Membership must be renewed monthly.null例 子 原文：… both skating and ice hockey were included in the Antwerp Games in 1920. But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized. Q：The Antwerp Games proved that winter sports were too specialized. （N） 分析：根据But这一转折词我们可以从上下句综合判断出Antwerp Games并未让人感觉too specialized, 由此可以判断与该题所述内容是相冲突的。 null In China, suicide is quite different than in other countries. Perhaps the biggest difference is suicide in rural areas is three times as high in urban areas. (Suicide Problem in China No.2) Q: In China, there are more suicide cases in urban areas than in rural areas.nullOn the other hand, it was the fact that, owing to the deepening economic crisis, the building costs were relatively low. The eventual cost of the building work was US$24,718,000, about half of what had been expected. (The Story of a Skyscraper No. 3) Q: Since the Empire State Building was built during the Great Depression, its cost was two times higher than what had been expected.nullSome children are visual learners (they absorb best when they see something), some are auditory (they need to hear it), some are kinesthetic (they need hands-on experience) and some are a combination. Q: A kinesthetic learner is one who learns by hearing what has to be learned.null3) 部分代替整体。部分必要条件代替整体。 A+B→X 题干：A →X 题干命题缺少原文的必要条件，尤其是当原文中包含由如unless, provided, while, if, when 引导的状语。或由without, with, but, for, except引导的介宾结构，或由动名词作原因伴随状语，而题干中不存在这些条件。null原文：The Internet has often been a hazardous tool if it is in the hands of young computer users. 题干：The Internet has often been dangerous. 原文：Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom. 题干：Frogs and toads are usually poisonous. 3. Not Given选择标准和原则3. Not Given选择标准和原则1) 在阅读文章中根本没有提及题干所讨论的内容 2) 题干作为整条信息在原文中没有提及 3) 题干将文章所涉及的事物更加具体化，而文章根本没有指明或确定，从而无从考证nullNG 原则：原文中没有明确告知，题目提到的内容可能发生，也可能不发生，与原文不矛盾，无法考证对错。 1、部分或全部信息缺失 2、个别代替整体（将原文具体化）或整体取代个别（将个别扩及同类）; 3、出现原文未提及或不清楚的关系（比较级、最高级关系或因果等逻辑关系） 4、题目是客观事实陈述，原文只是目标（aim）、目的（purpose）、愿望或誓言（promise，swear，vow) （题目通常会省略以上提及的词） nullNG【例】 The proving of claims made on product labels was considered to be of higher importance than issues such as workers’ rights, corporate responsibility and local sourcing, because it is an issue that has impact on the consumer directly. (TOPWAY, Victoria Aims to Gain Advantage in Global Food Market No. 5) Q：Among all the ethical issues of food, proving the claims made on product labels was considered to be of highest importance.nullNG 【例】1 Don’t try to sort a wine bottle into the wrong (garbage) bag! The trash police will punish you. (TOPWAY, 7 Things You Can’t Say in Canada No. 3) Q：If one’s household garbage is not properly sorted, he will be punished or even sent into prison.(信息部分缺失) nullNG 【例】 The French who travel on first class cars tend to be soft-spoken, and besides, the TGV forbids the use of cell phones here. (TOPWAY, TGV: The French Rail Revolution No. 3) Q：All digital products are prohibited from use on the TGV. (整体代个别) null原文：The Japanese government decided to send some officials to business schools in the US to receive the best business education in the world. 题干：Two hundred officials were to be sent to US to study business by the Japanese government.nullThe Labor Party was formed early in the twentieth century to safeguard the interests of the common working man and to give the trade unions political representation in Parliament. The Party has always had strong connections with the unions, and supports the concept of a welfare society in which people who are less fortunate than others are financially, and otherwise, assisted in their quest for a more equitable slice of the economic pie. Q：The Labor Party was formed by the trade unions. null4) 在阅读文章中提及若干事物，但是没有做出比较，题干当中对这些事物进行了比较，从而无从考证 5)在阅读文章中人为的目标，目的，愿望，誓言等的内容，在题干中成了现实。 目标：aim, object, objective, goal, 目的：purpose, motive, intention 愿望：hope, wish, desire, dream 誓言：swear, pledge, vow, promisenull原文：His aim was to bring together, once every four years, athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport. 题干：Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics.null几个Not Given 题： 原文：Many teachers find their jobs very rewarding. 题干：The majority of teachers get satisfaction from their work. 原文：The tourists come mainly from Europe. 题干：The tourists come mainly from the UK. 对比判断：N or NG？ (关键：判断N或NG的原则）对比判断：N or NG？ (关键：判断N或NG的原则）1、原文：Tourists come mainly from Europe. 判断题1)：All tourists come from Europe. (N) 分析：题目扩大了原文内容。原文的 mainly 表示尽管大多数人来自欧洲，但仍有小部分人不是来自欧洲，题目与原文冲突。 判断题 2)：Tourists come mainly from the UK.(NG) 分析：个别代替整体。Europe 虽不等同于 the UK，但前者与后者是包含关系，因此无法排除后者的可能性，即“游客大多数来自欧洲，其中大多数可能来自英国”。 对该句我们只能做出无法判断的结论。null2、原文：Since the Winter Games began, 55 out of 56 gold medals in the men’s Nordic skiing events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former soviet Union. 判断题1）：Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in the men’s winter Olympics. (N) 分析：题目限制了原文的内容。除了北欧人在冬季奥运会上获得男子越野滑雪项目外，获得金牌的还有前苏联和其他国的运动员。题目与原文不符。 判断题2）：Scandinavian athletes did better in the Nordic skiing events than any other events.（NG） 分析：出现原文不清楚的比较关系。越野滑雪项目的金牌几乎都由北欧人和前苏联人获得，表明北欧人可能很擅长越野滑雪，但是否最擅长，无从查证。越野滑雪可能是，也可能不是他们最擅长的项目。ExercisesExercisesMany lecturers find their jobs very rewarding. A. Many lecturers are well paid. B. All lecturers get something positive from their work. C. The majority of lecturers get satisfaction from their work. NGNNGnull2. Computers are gaining in popularity, despite their cost. A. Computers are getting cheaper. B. Computers are expensive C. Computers used to be more popular than they are now. NGNGNnull3. As a result of increasing wealth, an ever larger number of families now have two cars. A. Most families nowadays have two cars. B. People are getting richer. C. Cars are becoming more expensive. keys: NG, Y, NGnull4. Educational standards in schools have, in general, been gradually improving. A. Schools have been getting better. B. The education in schools has not been improving. C. Educational standards are not as unsatisfactory as they used to be. Keys: Y, N, NGnull5. In families, the traditional roles of men and women are often reversed if the man becomes unemployed. A. Unemployment can affect the way that families operate. B. In families where the woman has a job, men and women usually have traditional roles. C. Unemployment does not affect the role of a man in the family. Y, NG, Nnull6. Although the hazards of boxing have been well publicized, the government has yet to introduce a ban on the sport. A. The government does not want to ban boxing. B. The hazards of boxing are not very well-known. C. A ban on boxing has not been introduced yet.