厄尔尼诺现象（英文）

nullnullBASICS OF EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)Ernesto R. Verceles PAGASAnullWHAT IS EL NIÑO ?Common notions:“El Niño means no water in faucets and showers”“El Niño means no planting for the season or two”These are partially true… these are all impacts of the EL NIÑOOne newspaper headline: PAGASA insists El Niño already in RP - Despite heavy rains and typhoons (Panay News dated 13 January 2005)“El Niño means severe drought”nullWHAT IS EL NIÑO (LA NIÑA)?El Niño (La Niña) is a condition in the Pacific ocean and characterized by the cyclic warming (cooling) of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific (CEEP). Observed Sea Surface TemperatureAnalyzed Sea Surface TemperatureEL NIÑOLA NIÑALower tempLower tempHigher tempHigher tempCooler tempCooler tempWarmer tempWarmer tempCEEP warmingCEEP coolingnullMonthly observation and analysis of OCEAN SURFACE during El Niño 1997-98 and La Niña 1998-99El Nino 1997 started in March La Nina 1998 started in JulynullMonthly observation and analysis of OCEAN DEPTH (~300 meters) during El Niño 1997-98 and La Niña 1998-99ASIA AUSTRALIANorth and South AMERICAEl Nino 1997 started in March La Nina 1998 started in JulynullMEASURING OCEAN PARAMETERSnullTHE NIÑO REGIONSnullSample Data for NIÑO REGIONSnullThus, “EL NIÑO” is a condition in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean where unusual warming is occurring. (Note that the formation/development of El Niño is very far from the country.. )Then, why is it affecting the philippines.. The answer lies in the atmosphere…The phenomenon is called SOUTHERN OSCILLATION…nullSouthern Oscillation is the atmospheric component of ENSO and measured in terms of the difference in standardized pressure anomalies over Tahiti and Darwin, and wind anomaly at low level winds (850 mbs level). WHAT IS SOUTHERN OSCILLATION ?EL NIÑO CONDITIONLA NIÑA CONDITIONAustraliaHLHLAustralia  COMBINED EFFECT OF EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) IN THE TROPICAL PACIFICGLOBAL IMPACT OF EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)EL NIÑOLA NIÑAEL NIÑOLA NIÑAnullIMPACTS OF ENSO and NON-ENSO ON PHILIPPINE ANNUAL RAINFALLRED colored years are EL NINO years, BLUE colored years are LA NINA yearsand BLACK colored years are NON_ENSO yearsnull Drier weather conditionsWetter weather conditionsInitial results of diagnostic and statistical studies on general influences of ENSO on Philippine climateWeak monsoon activityWeak tropical cyclones activityBelow normal rainfallAbove normal air temperatures- occurrence of isolated heavy rainfall in short duration- delayed onset of the rainy season- early termination of the rainy season- tropical cyclones follow tracks further off the Philippines- less number of tropical cyclones entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)Above normal rainfallNear-to-below normal air temperaturesModerate to Strong tropical cyclones activityModerate to strong monsoon activity- increased cloudiness and widespread rains- near normal cyclone tracks (near and/or crossing the country)- near normal to early onset of the rainy season- near-to-above normal cyclone occurrences in the PAR- rain-effective cyclonesnullFor more information, VISIT us at http://www.philonline.com/~cab http://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph