冠词的用法

冠词的用法 (Articles) 不定冠词a / an的用法 1. 示“某种类别当中的一个”，“该类中的一例”　 A cat is an animal.猫是一种动物。 He’s a Frenchman.他是个法国人。 2. 第一次提到某物 I looked up and saw a plane. 我抬头看见了一架飞机. 3. 用在称呼前，含有“我不认识．．．的感觉” A Mr. Smith is waiting to see you.一位史密斯先生正等着要见您。 4. 可以表示量度单位，＂每．．．＂ 40 km an/per hour 每小时40公里 twice a/per day 每天两次 5. 与可数名词连用位于what, such之后，表示感叹，或强调程度 What a surprise! 真是让人吃惊。 My boss is such a fool! 我的老板这么蠢。 6. 用在形容词最高级前，相当于very。 This is a most useful dictionary.这是一本非常有用的字典。 7. 用在序数词前面表示“再一次，又一次”。 Ten years after the death of her husband, she got married for a second time.在她丈夫去世十年后，她再次结婚了。 8. 用在many, quite, rather, such, what 等词后面，构成短语。 It’s quite a problem. 这是一个相当难的问题。 I’ve never seen such an exciting football match before. 我以前从来没见过这么精彩的比赛。 9. 注意区分a/ an：一般来说，an用在元音前，a用在非元音前。但注意下面的特殊例子。 · a Europe (European, one-way street, union, university, useful tool, usual way…) · an honest man (hour, honor, a, e, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x…) · an 80-metre-high-tower 10.不定冠词惯用法 have a gift for have a word with have a population of take a rest/break make a living give sb a lift/get a ride/lift go on a diet as a result as a matter of fact as a rule after a while in a hurry in a sense in a word once in a while at a loss at a distance for a while all of a sudden a waste of a matter of with a score of the的用法 1.  1. 表示特定的或上文已提到的人或事物。 I saw a film yesterday. I am very interested in the film. 2.表示说话人与听话人都了解的人或事物。 She goes to the theatre every week. Let’s meet at the airport. He went to the hotel. 3.   The + adj.表示一类人或事物 the British英国人, the rich富人, the young年轻人, 4.    表示一天的各段时间 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 5. 表示独一无二的自然现象，方位，左右 the earth地球, the sun太阳, the east东, the west西, the right右, the left左 6.   用在乐器之前 My sister is learning the flute/ piano.我妹妹在学笛子/ 钢琴。 7. 用在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪中几十年代 in the 1870’s 十九世纪七十年代 8. 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示这一家人。 the Smiths史密斯一家人 9. 用在某些习惯表达法中的介词短语中，指有关者的身体或衣着的一部分 · lead sb. by the hand拉着某人的手, · hit sb. in the face打在某人的脸上, · grasp sb. by the sleeve抓住某人的袖子 10. 用在形容词最高级和序数词前面。 · The first time I saw him was in 1990.我第一次见他是在1990年。 Could you tell me the shortest way to the station?你能告诉我去火车站最近的路吗？ 11. 和表示数量的名词连用，表示“以．．．为单位” · Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋按打来卖。 · He is paid by the hour / the day/ week/ month.他按小时/天/周/月来付酬。 · 但是size/weight/time与by 搭配不加冠词。 12. 与名词连用时，要注意与不定冠词的区别。 a / the most interesting…非常有趣的… / 最有趣的… a / the number of 许多 / …的数量 for a/ the moment 片刻，一会儿/ 暂时，目前 13.用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛、朝代、时代前。 The United States, the Changjiang river, the Great Lake，the Great Wall, the Pacific, the Stone Age, the Ming Dynasty 14.用在方位名词前 In the west, in the east, on the left 15.在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词。 The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago. 16.固定搭配 make the most of make the best of in the end in the daytime not in the least in the distance in the way on the whole at the moment the other day for the time being on the radio on the spot to tell the truth by the way 零冠词 1. 表示泛指或一般概念 · Snow is white. 雪是白的。 · 比较：The snow in the yard is very thick.院子里的雪很厚。 2. 用在泛指的一日三餐前 · Have you had breakfast/ lunch/ dinner? 你吃早饭/午饭/晚饭了吗？ · 比较：The breakfast was well cooked. 这顿早饭做得好。 3. 用在球类，棋类之前 · Let’s go and play football.我们去踢足球吧。 · How about having a game of chess, John? 约翰，咱们下盘棋好吗？ 4. 用在称呼语及表示家庭成员（常大写）的名词之前 · Tom asked, “Where’s Father/ Mother/ Aunt?” 汤姆问，“爸爸/妈妈/姑姑在哪儿？” 5. 在表语，宾语补足语，同位语中，表示独一无二的职位或头衔 · Who’s captain of your team? 谁是你们队长？ · He was elected monitor of our class.他被选为班长 · George Bush, president of the United States… 美国总统布什… 6. 用在表示学科的名词之前。 English, Chinese, mathematics… 7. 在独立结构中 · The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.猎人手拿着枪，走进了森林。 · Child as he is, he knows a lot about the history of China.他虽然是个孩子，却对中国历史了解很多。 8. 用在某些习惯用语中 · go to school (college, hospital, class, church, bed…) · by bike, (bus, train, car, boat, ship, plane, air…) · at sunrise, (sunset, noon, night, midnight) 9.系动词turn 后的单数名词作表语 He has turned scientist. 10.在专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名前，不用冠词。 China, America, Smith, love, silver, gold, Failure is the mother of success. Man cannot live without water. 11.季节、月份、星期、节日中 In winter, in October, on Sunday, Christmas Day 但 在the Spring Festival 中要有冠词。 12. 复数名词泛指一类人或事物时不用冠词。 They are workers. Horses are useful animals. 13.当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，不用冠词。 The market in the country is busiest in winter. 14.固定搭配 on second thoughts come to light come to power give birth to in case of come first out of work/order/control/date/patience/reach/breath in danger/use/silence/peace/store under pressure/control/repair/construction/ investigation/guarantee on holiday/ business at war/at lunch beyond repair/description/expectation face to face shoulder to shoulder arm in arm one by one word for word from person to person 冠词活用 1.表类指 A tiger is a type of very large wild cat. The car goes faster than the bike. Farmers are busy in autumn 但是： The tiger is in danger of extinct.(只能用the) 2. The + adj. 表一类人 the rich, the deaf, the dead 但是：the dead也可以表特指 3.在民族词汇前 the English/French 表类指 the Englishmen/ Frenchmen 既表类指又表示特指 4.抽象名词具体化 rain, surprise, pleasure, success, failure, concern 表示具体一个人或一件事 a heavy rain, a surprise, a pleasure, a success 5.形容词比较级、最高级 which is larger? Which is the larger of the two islands? It is the most interesting book of the books. It is a most interesting book. 6.序数词 ----You have got two books. Why do you want a third one? ---- The second one was lost. 7. 语言、校名、年代、四季 English---- the language of English Beijing University---- the University of Beijing in 1975---- in the year of 1975 in spring---- in the spring of 1975 8.有无冠词含义不同 Go to school---- go to the school Go to church----go to the church At church---- at the church At table ----at the table Go to bed----go to the bed In hospital----in the hospital In case of ----in the case of In charge of ---- in the charge of In possession os---- in the possession of In place of ---- in the place of In front of ---- in the front of In office---- in the office of Out of question----out of the question