英语四级阅读练习及答案

2014年英语四级阅读练习及答案(38) 1.  Three Kinds of Fatigue   Fatigue is one of the most common complaints brought to doctors, friends, and relatives. You#39;d think in this era of labor-saving devices and convenient transportation that few people would have reason to be so tired. But probably more people complain of fatigue today than in the days when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard.   The causes of modern-day fatigue are diverse and only rarely related to excessive physical exertion. The relatively few people who do heavy labor all day long almost never complain about being tired, perhaps because they expect to be. Today, physicians report, tiredness is more likely a consequence of under-exertion than of wearing yourself down with over-activity. In fact, increased physical activity is often prescribed as a cure for lowering energy.   Physical. This is the well-known result of overworking your muscles to the point where metabolic (新成代谢的) waste products—carbon dioxide and lactic acid (乳酸)—accumulate in our blood and reduce your strength. Your muscles can#39;t continue to work efficiently in a bath of these chemicals. Physical fatigue is usually a pleasant tiredness, such as that which you might experience after playing a hard set of tennis, chopping wood, or climbing a mountain. The cure is simple and fast: You rest, giving your body a chance to get rid of accumulated wastes and restore muscle fuel.   Pathological (病理的). Here fatigue is a warning sign or consequence of some underlying physical disorder, perhaps the common cold or flu or something more serious like diabetes or cancer. Usually other symptoms besides fatigue are present that suggest the true cause.   Even after an illness has passed, you#39;re likely to feel dragged out for a week or more. Take your fatigue as a signal to go slow while your body has a chance to recover fully even if all you had was a cold. Pushing yourself to resume full activity too soon could lead to a relapse (旧病复发) and almost certainly will prolong our period of fatigue.   Even though illness is not frequent cause of prolonged fatigue, it#39;s very important that it not be overlooked. Therefore, anyone who feels drained of energy for weeks on end should have a thorough physical check-up. But even if nothing shows up as a result of the various medical tests, that doesn#39;t mean there#39;s nothing wrong with you.   Psychological. Emotional problems and conflicts, especially depression and anxiety, are by far the most common causes of prolonged fatigue. Fatigue may represent a defence mechanism that prevents you from having to face the true cause of your depression, such as the fact that you hate your job. It is also your body#39;s safety mechanism for expressing repressed emotional conflicts, such as feeling trapped in an ungrateful role or an unhappy marriage. When such feelings are not expressed openly, they often come out as physical symptoms, with fatigue as one of the most common manifestations. "Many people who are extremely fatigued don#39;t even know they#39;re depressed," Dr. Bulette says. "They#39;re so busy distracting themselves or just worrying about being tired that they don#39;t recognize their depression. "   There is a great deal you can do on your own to deal with both severe prolonged fatigue and those periodic washed-out feelings. Vitamins and tranquilizers (镇静剂 ) are almost never the right answer, sleeping pills and alcohol are counterproductive, and caffeine is at best a temporary solution that can backfire with abuse and cause life-disrupting symptoms of anxiety. Instead, you might try: Diet   If you eat a small breakfast or none at all, you#39;re likely to experience mid-morning fatigue, the result of a drop in blood sugar, which your body and brain depend on for energy. For peak energy in the morning, be sure to eat a proper breakfast, low in sugar and fairly high in protein, which will provide a steady supply of blood sugar throughout the morning. Coffee and a doughnut are almost worse than nothing, providing a brief boost and then letting you down with a thud.    Exercise   Contrary to what you may think, exercise enhances, rather than saps, energy. Regular conditioning exercises, such as jogging, cycling, or swimming, help you to resist fatigue by increasing your body#39;s ability to handle more of a work load. You get tired less quickly because your capability is greater.   Exercise also has a well-recognized tranquilizing effect, which helps you work in a more relaxed fashion and be less dragged down by the tensions of your day. At the end of a day exercise can relieve accumulated tensions, give you more energy in the evening, and help you sleep more restfully.   Sleep   If you know you#39;re tired because you haven#39;t been getting enough sleep, the solution is simple: Get to bed earlier. There#39;s no right amount of sleep for everyone, and generally sleep requirements decline with age. Find the amount that suits you best, and aim for it. Insomnia(失眠) and other sleep disorders should not be treated with sleeping pills, alcohol, or tranquilizers, which can actually make the problem worse. Know yourself   Try to schedule your most difficult jobs for the time of day when you#39;re at your peak. Some are "morning people" who tire by mid-afternoon; others do their best work in the evening. Don#39;t overextend yourself, trying to climb the ladder of success at a record pace or to meet everyone#39;s demands or expectations. Decide what you want to do and what you can handle comfortably, and learn to say no to additional requests. Recognize your energy cycles and plan accordingly. Many women have a low point premenstrually, during which time extra sleep may be needed and demanding activities are particularly exhausting. , Take breaks   No matter how interesting or demanding you work, you#39;ll be able to do it with more vigor if now and again you stop, stretch, and change the scenery. Instead of coffee and a sweet roll on your break, try meditation, yoga, callisthenics(健美操) , or a brisk walk. Even running up and down the staircase can provide refreshment from a sedentary(久坐的) job. If your job is physically demanding, relax in a quiet place for a while. The do-something-different rule also applies to vacation; "getting away from it all" for a week or two or longer can be highly revitalizing, helping you to put things in perspective and enabling you to take your job more in stride upon your return.   1. According to the passage, it is hard for people to find causes of tiredness when they are leading a comfortable and convenient life.   2. Causes of certain types of fatigue are discussed and some suggestions are put forward in the passage.   3. Most people don#39;t want to talk about their unhappy feelings with others.   4. Physical fatigue is good because it brings us a lot of pleasure.   5. Psychological fatigue is the likely response of our body to emotional problems and conflicts.   6. Coffee and a doughnut make the satisfying breakfast as they provide people with the desired energy.   7. When you have a prolonged fatigue, it is necessary to have a thorough physical check-   up even if there is nothing wrong with you.   8. No matter how interesting or demanding your work, you need to______.   9. From the passage, it can be seen that the author#39;s attitudes towards the approach to dealing with modern-fatigue is______.   10. According to physicians#39; report, tiredness more probably results from______.   答案：   1. N 2. Y 3. NG 4. N 5. Y 6. N 7. N 8. take breaks 9. positive 10. under-exertion 2. 　In the United States, it is not 11 to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11: 00 p. m. . If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he 12 it's a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call 13 its importance.   In 14 life, time plays a very important part. In the U. S. A. , guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the 15 to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in 16 because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings 17 between people from cultures that treat time differently.   Promptness is valued 18 in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U. S. no one would think of keeping a business 19 waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is 20 to make a short apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. A. highly B. engagement C. customary D. social E. inform F. invitation G. advance H. absence I.  heavily J. associate K. expected L. assumes M. habitual N. arise O. communicates   答案：   11. C 12. L 13. O 14. D 15. F 16. G 17. N 18. A 19. J 20. K  　How to Deal With Difficult People   In New York City one day, a businesswoman got into a taxi. Because it was rush hour and she was hurrying for a train, she suggested a route. "I#39;ve been a cabby(车夫) for 15 years!" the driver yelled. "You think I don#39;t know the best way to go?"   The woman tried to explain that she hadn#39;t meant to offend him, but the driver kept yelling. She finally realized he was too upset to be reasonable. So she did the unexpected. "You know, you#39;re right," she told him. "It must seem dumb for me to assume you don#39;t know the best way through the city. "   Taken aback, the driver flashed his rider a confused look in the rear-view mirror, turned down the street she wanted and got her to the train on time. "He didn#39;t say another word the rest of the ride," she said, "until I got out and paid him. Then he thanked me. "   When you encounter people like this cab driver, there#39;s an irresistible urge to dig in your heels. This can lead to prolonged arguments, soured friendships, lost career opportunities and broken marriages. As a clinical psychiatrist, I#39;ve discovered one simple but extremely unlikely principle that can prevent virtually any conflict or other difficult situation from becoming a recipe for disaster.   The key is to put yourself in the other person#39;s shoes and look for the truth in what that person is saying. Find a way to agree. The result may surprise you.   Sulkers Steve#39;s 14-year-old son, Adam, had been irritable for several days. When Steve asked why, Adam snapped, "Nothing#39;s wrong! Leave me alone!" and stalked off to his room.   We all know people like this. When there#39;s problem, they may sulk(生闷气) or act angry and refuse to talk.   So what#39;s the solution? First, Steve needs to ask himself why Adam won#39;t talk. Maybe the boy is worried about something that happened at school. Or he might be angry at his dad but afraid to bring it up because Steve gets defensive whenever he is criticized. Steve can pursue these possibilities the next time they talk by saying, "I noticed you#39;re upset, and I think it would help to get the problem out in the open. It may be hard because I haven#39;t always listened very • 58 •   well. If so, I feel bad because I love you and don#39;t want to let you down. "   If Adam still refuses to talk, Steve can take a different tack: "I#39;m concerned about what#39;s going on with you, but we can talk things over later, when you#39;re more in the mood. "   This strategy allows both sides to win: Steve doesn#39;t have to compromise on the principle that ultimately the problem needs to be talked out and resolved. Adam saves face by being allowed to withdraw for a while.   Noisy critics. Recently, I was counselling a businessman named Frank who lends to be overbearing(专横的) when he#39;s upset. Frank told me that I was too absent-minded with money and that he shouldn#39;t have to pay at each of our sessions. He wanted to be billed monthly.   I felt annoyed because it seemed Frank always had to have things his way. I explained that I had tried monthly billing, but it hadn#39;t worked because some patients didn#39;t pay. Frank argued that he had impeccable (无可挑剔的 ) credit and knew much more about credit and billing than I did.   Suddenly I realized I was missing Frank#39;s point. "You are right," I said. " I#39;m being defensive. We should focus on the problems in your life and not worry so much about money. "   Frank immediately softened and began talking about what was really bothering him, which were some personal problems. The next time we met, he handed me a check for 20 sessions in advance!   There are times, of course, when people are unreasonably abusive and you may need to just walk away from the situation. But if the problem is one that you want solved, it#39;s important to allow the other person to keep some self-esteem. There#39;s nearly always a grain of truth in the other person#39;s point of view. If you acknowledge this, he or she will be less defensive and more likely to listen to you.   Complainers. Brad is a 32-year-old Detroit chiropractor (按摩师) who recently described his frustration with a patient of his: "I ask Mr. Barry, #39;How are you doing?#39; and he dumps out his whole life story-his family problems and his financial difficulties. I give him advice, but he ignores everything I tell him. "   Brad needs to recognize that habitual complainers usually don#39;t want advice. They just want someone to listen and understand. So Brad might simply say : "sounds like a rough week, It#39;s no fun to have unpaid bills, people nagging you, and this pain besides. " The complainer will usually run out of gas and stop complaining. The secret is not to give advice. Just agreeing and validating a person#39;s point of view will make that person feel better.   Demanding friends. Difficult people aren#39;t always -, angry or just complaining. Sometimes they are difficult because of the demands they place upon us. Maybe a friend puts you on the spot with a request to run an errand for him while he#39;s out of town. If you have a crowded schedule, you may agree but end up angry and resentful. Or if you say no in the wrong way, your friend may feel hurt and unhappy. The problem is that, caught off guard, you don#39;t know how to deal with the situation in a way that avoids bad feelings.   One method I#39;ve found helpful is "punting". You#39;re punting when you tell the person you need to think about the request and that you#39;ll get back about it. Say a colleague calls and pressures me to give a lecture at his university. I#39;ve learned to say, "I#39;m flattered that you thought of me. Let me check my schedule, and I#39;ll call you back. "   This gives me time to deal with any feelings of guilt if I have to say no. Suppose I decide it is better to decline; punting allow me to plan what I will say when I call back, "I appreciate being asked," I might indicate, "but I find I#39;m over-committed right now. However, I hope you#39;ll think of me in the future. "   Responding to difficult people with patience and empathy can be tough, especially when you feel upset. But the moment you give up your need to control or be right, the other person will begin relaxing and start listening to you. The Greek philosopher Epictetus understood this when he said nearly 2, 000 years ago, "If someone criticizes you, agree at once. Mention that if only the other person knew you well, there would be more to criticize than that !"   Real communication results from a spirit of respect for yourself and for the other person. The benefits can be amazing.   1. The principle the writer has discovered to stop any conflict from going worse is to find a way to agree.   2. The taxi driver thanked the businesswoman because she was very polite to him.   3. Difficult people mentioned in the passage include those who give occasional complaints.   4. One way to deal with the person who is unreasonably abusive is to walk away from the situation.   5. If Mr. Barry had followed Brad#39;s advice, he would have solved all his personal problems.   6. What habitual complainers need is a good listener.   7. It will end up in unhappiness whether you have satisfied your friend#39;s request or not.   8. You will be rewarded with a real communication if you______for others.   9. A difficult person can become a relaxing and good conversational partner if you______   your control.   10. According to the author, one effective way to deal with a demanding friend is______.   答案：   1. Y 2. N 3. N 4. Y 5. NG 6. Y 7. N 8. show respect 9. give up 10. punting Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)   Directions: In this passage there are ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.   Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.   Looking back on years of living in a working-class home in the North of England, I should say that a good living room must 11 three principal things: homeliness, warmth and plenty of good food. The living-room is the warm heart of the family and 12 often slightly stuffy to a middle-class visitor. It is not a social centre but a family center; little entertaining goes on there or in the front room, if there 13 to be one; you do not entertain in anything approaching the middle-class 14 The wife#39;s social life outside her 15 family is found over the washing-line, at the little shop on the corner, visiting relatives at a moderate 16 occasionally, and perhaps now and again a visit with her husband to his pub or club. Apart from these two places, he has just his work and his football matches. They will have, each of them, friends at all these places, who may well not know what the inside of their house is like, having never "stepped across the threshold," as the old 17 phrase has it. The family hearth is 18 for the family itself, and those who are "something to us"(another favorite formula) and who look in for a talk or just to sit. Much of the free time of a man and his wife will 19 be passed at that hearth. Just staying in is still one of the most common leisure-time 20 A.  happens B. professions C. sense D. nevertheless E. fashioned F. distance G. immediate H. usually I.  occupations J. preserved K. imitate L. provide M. therefore N reserved 0. contribute 答案：   11. L 12. M 13. A 14. C 15. G 16. F 17. E 18. N 19. H 20. I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)   Directions: In this passage, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage　quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.   How to Buy a Used Car   Nearly everybody buys a used car sooner or later, as a primary vehicle or as a second car. Indeed, three out of four sales today are used cars, and they#39;re not cheap junkers either—the average price now is $ 5500, about half what a new car costs. Make the wrong selection and a major investment can be lost the moment you drive off the lot.   There is far less chance of this happening to you if you know: when to buy, where to buy, how to examine the car, how to conduct your own road test, and how to bargain over the price.   When to buy   Shop during the day. Lighting makes cars gleam like jewels at night. In daylight they look dull, but realistic.   Don#39;t shop in the rain. It can mask liquids that might be leaking. If possible, shop in the winter when supplies are high and demand is low.   Where to buy   Shop the suburbs. In more affluent neighbourhoods cars are more likely to have been well cared for.   A private owner normally sells a car for less than a dealer does, but almost always "as is," with no guarantee. That#39;s an acceptable risk if what you#39;re looking for is a cheap second car to "drive to the station. "   Even though a used-car dealer generally charges more, you can often get some type of limited guarantee. This is often a 50-50 plan, in which you each pay half on repairs for a period that may range from 30 days to a year. Ask the dealer about the availability of an optional service policy.   Used-car dealers often claim to have gone over the car, and many have. But remember that small dealers often buy cars that are auctioned (拍卖 ) because nobody else wants them.   Some experts feel that a new-car dealer is the best place to buy a secondhand car, especially if you#39;re laying out a large sum for a late model. Some of these dealers offer extensive guarantees, such as one on the "drive train," which covers any problems with engine, transmission(变速器) ， drive shaft and differential (差速器 ). Expect to pay for this, as well as for the markup. But if you shop soon after the new models have arrived, when a dealer has a lot of trade-ins tying up his profits, he might deal. The visual examination   You#39;ve found your dream car, and can hardly wait to get in and roar away. Wait.   First, look for any flaws or ripples(划痕) in the body that might indicate a past accident. To see if a car has been repainted, look under the rubber seals around the door or under the chrome trim. Repainting may mask deep flaws.   Check the odometer (计程器) for total mileage, and then compare that figure with any stickers still attached to door posts. It#39;s illegal to change odometer readings, but it happens. If there are no stickers, be a little suspicious. Check pedals and controls: wear on these parts should agree with the mileage. If they are brand new, be suspicious. If they are worn out, beware.   Check that the doors, hood and trunk all open smoothly and close with solid sound. Sight along the sides of the car from 30 feet away to be sure that the rear and front wheels line up.   Look under the car for fluid leaks. Except for condensation from a working air conditioner on a hot day, no car should ever drip anything, any time.   Now sit in the driver#39;s seat and try the controls. The car should fit you—it should be comfortable. Check seat adjustment, door locks, window-raising mechanisms, horn, lights, directional signals, radio—all accessories.   Start the engine. It should turn over quickly and then settle down to a rather fast idle. Give the engine a moment or two before you press the accelerator a bit. Watch for smoke from the rear. Blue smoke might mean a complete engine overhaul (大修) , black a maladjusted carburettor (化油器). • 2 •   White smoke can be.ignored if the engine is cold, but once it is warmed up, white smoke can mean a leaking head gasket (垫圈) : expensive. Reject this car.   After the engine has warmed, shut it off, and then go wipe your finger inside the tailpipe (making sure it#39;s not too hot). The residue should be whitish-gay. If you get a black, oily mark, refuse the car—it#39;s probably an oil burner.   Restart the engine and check the oil in an automatic transmission. It should be clean and clear, with no burned odor. The test drive   The salesman may try to convince you that a short drive around the block is enough. Wrong. Make it clear that you plan to road test the car, and if he isn#39;t happy with this look elsewhere.   The test route you have mapped out should include dry city streets, a freeway, a hill, a bumpy road and an empty parking lot. All gauges(计量器) should read steady and normal throughout the test, especially oil pressure and engine heat. If not, don#39;t buy the car.   Drive to a traffic-free city street on your predetermined route and then accelerate smoothly to about 35 miles per hour. The automatic transmission should shift without jerking and with no noise.   Slow to about 7 m. p. h. by gently applying the brakes. There should be no noise, no sharp sound or grinding. The car should slow in a straight line, with no pulling to the right or left.   Pick up speed to about 15; then making certain nobody is behind you, hit the brakes hard! The car should come to an immediate stop without making noise or swerving.   In an empty, level parking lot, brake to a complete stop. Shift into reverse and back up at about 4 m. p. h. , brake to a halt, shift into forward, etc. Do this four or five times to test the transmission. All shifting should be smooth, with no noise or hesitation.   Accelerate up a hill to about 40 m. p. h. The car should not labour. If it does, you could have a rotten transmission. Go back down the hill. Stop halfway, shift into neutral and set the parking brake. The car should remain stationary when you take your foot off the brake pedal.   Drive the car over the bumpy road, up a hill, and on the highway. Rarely will a car be perfect. However by now you should have a pretty good idea what needs to be done. How to bargain   Use what you#39;ve learned from the visual exam, test drive and outside mechanic to get the price down. Have a maximum figure in mind, based on your inspection and on current prices from a used-car guide. Start your bidding lower than that. When you have nearly arrived at a price, get the seller to throw in certain repairs. It may be cheaper for him than further price cuts.   1. Following the instructions here will help you make a good selection when buying a used car.   2. Winter is a good time for purchasing a car because there is little rain in winter.   3. You are more likely to pay less to a private owner for a car of poor quality.   4. Refuse the car if you find any signs of a past accident in the visual examination.   5. Don#39;t buy the car if there is white smoke coming out of the rear because it is probably an oil burner.   6. At certain speeds in the tests, a good car should not make any noise when the driver brakes either hard or gently.   7. If you are patient and careful enough, you will certainly find a perfect used car.   8. The last step before you make a decision to buy a car is______.   9. Besides all gauges, the two very important systems mainly examined in the test drive are______.   10. According to some experts, the best place to buy a second-hand car is______.   答案：   I. Y 2. N 3. Y 4. NG 5. N 6. Y 7. N   8. to bargain over the price 9. brake and transmission 10. a new-car dealer A growing world population and the discoveries of science may 11 this pattern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, control floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; and in 12 the population of the world is 13 increasing. In 1925 there were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there may well be over 4,000 million.   When numbers rise the 14 mouths must be fed. New lands must be I bought under cultivation, or land already farmed made to 15 larger crops. In some areas the accessible land is largely so intensively 16 that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too 17 to allow for much improvement in farming methods. Were a larger part of this farming population drawn off into industrial occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern methods.   There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the 18 of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of crops are being developed which will thrive in 19 climates; irrigation and dry-farming methods bring poor lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to 20 water for the fields in all seasons and to provide electric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to suit particular soils; aero planes spray crops to destroy insects and many plant diseases.   A. ensure B. violently C. alter D. harmful E. cultivated F. unique G. transplanted H. yield I. consequence J. output K. extra L. steadily M. tiny N. unfavorable O. produce   答案：   11. C 12. I 13. L 14. K 15. H 16. E 17. M 18. J 19. N 20. A The process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. "She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt. " More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint (强调 ) his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly—perhaps with a two-second glance.   We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed person#39;s behavior with the known others#39; behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person#39;s responses to specific stimuli (刺激因素) , asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person—question, self-disclosures, and so on.   Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won#39;t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well(e. g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e. g. disclosures and truthful statement).   21. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in   A. what he wears B. how tall he is   C. how happy he is D. what color he dyes his hair   22. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because_______.   A. some people are more emotional than others   B. some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another person   C. some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other people#39;s attitudes   D. some people choose to keep to themselves   23. We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because_______.   A. we don#39;t accept the idea that we might never fully know another person   B. we often get information in a casual and inexact way   C. we pay more attention to other people#39;s motivations and emotions • 62 •   D. we often have face-to-face conversation with him   24. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things are   A. disclosures B. deceptions   C. stimuli D. interactions   25. This passage mainly concerns_______.   A. the relationship between people B. the perception of other people   C. secrets and deceptions of people D. people#39;s attitudes and characters   答案：   21. C 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. B Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages—clinical or (emporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be revived (复活). Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration(解体) of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final.   Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so (hat the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic(麻醉的) sleep. By slowing down the body#39;s metabolism(新成代谢) , cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.   To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an its body. The monkey#39;s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped; clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes the monkey#39;s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.   26. This passage focuses on_______.   A. the difference between biological and clinical death.   B. the process of dying   C. prolonging the period of clinical death   D. the nature of clinical death   27. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that   A. modem scientists divide the process of dying into clinical and biological death   B. biological death occurs when vital organs have suffered permanent damage   C. scientists have found a way to prolong the period of clinical death   D. cooling delays the processes leading to biological death   28. One characteristic of clinical death is______.   A. lasting damage to the lungs B. destruction of the tissues   C. temporary non-functioning of the heartD. that the organism cannot be revived   29. According to the passage, cooling an organism   A. speeds up the body#39;s metabolism B. slows disintegration of body tissues   C. prevents damage to organs D. revives damaged organs   30. One possible benefit of the experiment discussed in the passage is______.   A. less crowded cities B. victory over death   C. protection against fatal injury D. fewer deaths from heart attacks   答案：   26. C 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. D 文档已经阅读完毕，请返回上一页！