高压共轨技术

高压共轨技术 Common Rail fuel injection system in the 20th century in the late 1990's formal entry into the practical stage. 共轨燃油喷射系统是在20世纪90年代末到正式进入实用化阶段。 High Pressure Common Rail system can be realized in the traditional fuel injection system can not be achieved in the function of its advantages: 高压共轨系统可实现在传统喷油不能在其实现的功能系统的优势: A:Common Rail Injection System of flexible adjustable pressure on the different conditions can determine the best injection pressure required to optimize engine performance. A: 共轨喷射系统灵活的调整压力确定最佳喷射压力，优化发动机的性能要求。 B: can be independently controlled fuel injection is flexible, with a high injection pressure (120MPa to 200MPa), which can control NOx and particulates (PM) in the smaller numerical in order to meet emission requirements. .可以独立控制燃油喷射是灵活，高喷射压力(120MPa至为200MPa)，可同时控制NOx 和微粒在较小的数值，以满足排放要求。 C. Flexible control injection rate changes achieve the desired fuel injection law, easy to implement pre-injection and multiple spray can reduce NOx diesel engine can ensure that the good momentum and economy. C灵活控制喷油速率的变化达到理想的喷油规律，容易实现预喷射和多次喷射，可以减少氮 氧化物的柴油发动机可以保证的良好势头和经济性。 D. by the solenoid valve control fuel injection, the control high precision, high pressure Oil bubble and there will not be zero residual pressure and, therefore, in the operation of the diesel engine, fuel injection cycle changes in the volume of small, non-oil tank uniformity can be improved, so as to reduce engine vibration and reduce emissions. D.受电磁阀控制燃油喷射，控制精度高，高压油泡沫，不会有残压为零，因此在发动机运行 的柴油，燃料注射周期变化的体积小，无油舱均匀性得到改善，从而降低发动机的振动和降 低排放量。 As high pressure common rail system with the above advantages, diesel engine research institutions at home and abroad have invested a lot of energy to study it. More mature system: Germany ROBERT BOSCH company's CR system, Japan's Denso Corp. ECD-U2 system, the Italian FIAT Group unijet system, the United Kingdom DELPHI DIESEL SYSTEMS companies LDCR systems. 由于高压与上述优势，在国内柴油发动机共轨系统的研究机构和国外都投入了大量的精力来 研究它。更成熟的体系:德国罗伯特博世公司的CR系统，日本的电装公司的ECD的- U2 的系统，意大利菲亚特集团unijet系统，英国德尔福柴油系统LDCR系统的公司。 Second, high pressure common rail fuel injection system on the main components 二，高压共轨燃油喷射系统的主要组成部分 It mainly by the electronic control unit, high-pressure pumps, the common rail, electronically controlled fuel injection sensors, as well as various components. 它主要由电控单元，高压泵，共轨，电控燃油喷射传感器，以及各种组件。 Low pressure fuel pump fuel importation of high-pressure pumps, high pressure pump pressurized fuel oil into high-voltage rail, high pressure oil track from the pressure of ECU track under the oil pressure sensor tracks the oil pressure and the need for regulation, high pressure oil in orbit After high-pressure fuel pipeline, according to the operational status of machinery, electronic control unit from the default map plans in the identification of suitable injection timing and injection duration of the electro-hydraulic control of the electronic fuel injector will be injected into the cylinder. 低压油泵中的燃油进入高压油泵，再通过加压进入共轨腔，在共轨腔内，油压传感器监测到 的油压信息送入ECU中来供ECU控制喷射，高压力油经高压油管的燃油轨道，根据ECU 内的设定，从默认的地图电子控制单元的运行状态的将在合适的喷油定时和喷射的电控 喷油器的电液控制工期鉴定注入气缸。 1, high pressure pump 1，高压泵 The supply of high-pressure oil pump design criteria must be guaranteed in any circumstances, the diesel engine fuel injection quantity and control of oil and demand, and to accelerate the start-up and the demand for oil changes. The injection pressure in the common rail systems in the fuel injection process have nothing to do, and the injection timing was no high-pressure pumps from the cam to ensure that, the high pressure pump oil pressure according to the peak torque cam minimum, the smallest and most contact stress tolerance Mill design principles to the design of the cam. 高压油泵的应当满足任何柴油发电机喷射量和控制的情况下高压油的供应需求，并且要 加快建立起对高压油变化所需要的响应，在高压共轨系统中，燃油喷射量与油压无关，而是 用喷射时间来保证，以高压油是当凸轮在最低点时达到油压最高，并且凸轮能承受的最高压 力准则来设计的。 Bosch companies from diesel-driven triplex radial piston pump to generate up to 135 Mpa pressure. In each of the high-pressure pump oil pressure unit used in a number of oil pressure cam to reduce peak torque to the traditional high-pressure pumps 1 / 9, also load more evenly, and reduce operating noise. The high-pressure common-rail system in the cavity pressure control through the cavity of the common rail fuel in China to achieve the release, in order to minimize power loss in the fuel injection quantity is smaller, will be closed triplex radial column Cypriot pump oil pressure in one unit to reduce supply 柴油驱动的三缸径向柱塞泵博世公司泵产生高达135兆帕的压力。在每个高压泵单元中按 顺序降低峰值扭矩到传统的高压泵1 / 9，负荷也比较均匀，并降低运转噪音。高压共轨中， 通过共轨燃油腔腔压力控制系统实现释放，以减少燃料喷射功率损耗，将关闭三缸径向柱塞 泵石油在一个单位压力来减少能量供应。 2, the Common Rail 2共轨 Common Rail will be for the provision of high-pressure fuel pumps assigned to each injector, the pressure has been for the role of ECD-U2 system for the track shown in Figure 4. It should cut the volume of the high-pressure oil pump pressure fluctuations and each injector fuel injection process caused by the pressure shocks, high-pressure oil to track fluctuations in the pressure control in under 5 Mpa. But its volume is not too big so as to ensure that there is sufficient pressure common rail speed response to fast-track the status of the diesel engine for change. ECD-U2's high-pressure pump system the largest circulation for the supply of 600 mm3, the volume of 94,000 common rail mm3 共轨系统将燃油分配给各个喷油嘴，此时应阻止不要有高压油的油压起伏波动或者每个喷嘴 喷射过程中引起的压力震动。高压油的油压波动应当控制在5mpa以内，但是其没有足够大 的体积来保证高压油有这么快的响应速度，ECD-U2高压泵系统有最大为600立方毫米的 空间供循环，其本身腔内体积为94000立方毫米。 High Pressure Common Rail also installed tube pressure sensors, flow buffers (current limit) and pressure limiter. ECU pressure sensor to provide high-pressure oil-track pressure signal; flow buffers (current limit) guarantee in a fuel injector leakage failure to cut off the supply to the injector, and reduce common-rail and high pressure in the pipeline the pressure fluctuations; pressure on the high-voltage limiter ensure that the oil pressure in the event of abnormal rail, rapid rail will be in the high pressure oil to put pressure on China. 高压共轨管也安装了压力传感器，流量缓冲器(限流)和压力限制器。ECU的压力传感器 来提供高压油轨的压力信号，流缓冲器(限流)在燃料喷射器泄漏故障出现时保证切断燃油 的供应。并降低管道共轨和高压的压力波动;在高电压限制器压力确保在非正常事件油轨压 力，快速轨道将在高压油调整在正常的压力。 3, Electronic Fuel Injector 3，电控喷油器 Electronic Fuel Injector Common Rail fuel system is the most critical and most complex components, ECU its role under the control signal sent by controlling the electromagnetic valve open and closed, high-pressure fuel oil track best Injection timing, and injection of diesel engine fuel injection rate is injected into the combustion chamber 电控喷油器共轨燃油系统是最关键和最复杂的部件，电控单元的控制信号的作用下，通过 控制电磁阀的开启和关闭，高压燃油喷射定时跟踪最好的时刻，并注射柴油机燃油喷射率是 注入燃烧室。 4, high-pressure pipeline 4，高压油管 High-pressure tubing is connected electronically controlled common rail fuel injection tube and with the access, it should have sufficient fuel flow, fuel flow decreases the pressure drop, high pressure piping systems and pressure fluctuations in the smaller, can withstand the high pressure fuel impact, and at the start the pressure in the common rail can be quickly established. The high-pressure cylinder the length of the pipeline should be equal to a diesel injector each have the same injection pressure, thereby reducing engine cylinder of the deviation between the injector. The high-pressure pipeline should be as short as possible so that the nozzle from the common rail to the minimum pressure loss. 高压油管是连接共轨电控燃油喷射管和进油口，它应该有足够的燃油流量。减小压降和使高 压管道系统和压力波动较小，能承受高压燃油的冲击，并在启动时可以迅速的建立起共轨压 力。高压油管的长度应该和喷油嘴的相同来保证相同的喷射压力，从而降低发动机喷油器之 间的偏差。高压油管应尽可能短，使从共轨喷嘴的压力损失最小。