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郭郭教育 牛津 内部讲义 初中语法 时态一本通 姓名:______________ 任课老师:Miss You 联系方式:187******** 初中英语八种时态归纳复习 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,广大初中学生在实际运用时,往往对时态总是倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下這几种时态。 一、一般现在时 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 初一英语一般现在时态讲解 一、定义与讲解 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 通常与副词every day(每天),always(总是),usually(通常),often(经常) sometimes(有时),等时间状语连用。 例:(1)表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 Mary’s father is a n English teacher. 玛丽的爸爸是一名英语老师。 (2)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 She plays sports every day. 她每天都做运动。 (3)表示客观现实。 The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。 There are 50 students in my class. 我们班有50个学生。 (4)表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言谚语等。 The sun rises in the east every day.太阳每天从东方升起。 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 (5)表示平日的喜好。 I like bananas. We don’t like vegetables. He likes ice cream. She doesn’t like strawberries. 二.只有主语在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单形式”, 其他人称用动词原形。 ★动词三单形式的变化: 1.(1)多数直接在动词词尾加-s. play — plays like — likes ask---asks work---works get---gets call---calls (2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es. watch---watches wish---wishes do---does go---goes (3)以“辅音字母加- y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es. try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies 2.不规则变化:be---- is have----has 三、一般现在时的句子转换: (1)变一般疑问句:当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等)提到主语的前面, (口诀:一调二变三问号); (2)变否定句:在be动词或情态动词后面直接加not变成否定句. (be后not莫忘记) 例:①陈述句:She is my sister.. 疑问句→ Is she your sister? Y es, I am./ No, I’m not. 否定句→ She is not my sister. ②陈述句:I can play soccer. 疑问句→ Can you play soccer? Y es,Ican./ No, I can’t. 否定句→ I can not /can’t play soccer. ★注意:对一般疑问句的回答: 一般用什么问就用什么来回答。 但以下例外:Is this a pencil? Y es , it is./ No, it isn’t. Is that your backpack? Yes , it is./ No, it isn’t. Are these your parents? Y es, they’re./ No, they aren’t. Are those Jim’s brothers? Y es, they’re./ No, they aren’t. (3)当句子中没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,变一般疑问句时,在主语前加助动词do (I, we, you,以及复数), does(第三人称单数she,he,it等)变成问句; (4)变否定句时,在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t,doesn’t变成否定句,切记:助动词后的动词则还原成动词原形。 例:①陈述句:We get up(起床)at 7:00 every morning. 疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning. ②陈述句:She has a brother. 疑问句→ Does she have a brother? 否定句→ She doesn’t have a brother. ※在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。 但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚, 现归纳总结如下: 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: ①Han Mei likes salsd . 韩梅喜欢萨拉。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 ③Uncle Wang often plays volleyball.. 王叔叔经常打排球。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 ③That car is red. ④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 ②There is a watch on the table. 桌上有块手表。 ③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。④That is an eraser. 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: ①The milk(牛奶)is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 ②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。 巩固练习: 一、按照要求改写句子 1.This is my pencil ? (变一般疑问句)your pencil ? 2. These red socks are Kate’s . (变一般疑问句) socks Kate’s ? 3. Mary does not have any books . (变肯定句)Mary books . 4. She likes the black bag very much . (变为否定句) 5. I like apples. (用she改写句子) 6. It’s an English dictionary . (对画线部分提问) . 7. He has hamburger and apples for dinner . (变一般疑问句) 二、用be动词填空。 1. you Li Fen ? No, not . 2. Mr. green very busy? Y es , he . 3..This book very interesting . 4. What class you in ? 5. Y ou and I good friends . 6. The basketball club fun . 三.用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Lin Tao (like) his ruler . 2. Let’s (have) ice cream . 3. Let’s(play) tennis ! 4. He (like) English. 5. Nice (meet) you ! 6. I (need) some fruits. 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。 have like drink _____ go _____ stay ____ make ______look ______have____ come_____ watch______ plant_____ fly _____ do_____ study___ _ teach_____ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We ____ ___(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick ____ ___(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) pears? 6. _______ your parents _______(have) eggs every day? 7. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 18. Mike _______(like) cooking. 9. They _______(have) the same hobby. 10. Liu Tao ______ _(do) not like PE. 11. This boy often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 三、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答) ___________________________ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) __________________________________________________ 6. John comes from Canada(加拿大).(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________ 7. She is a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 8. Simon and Daniel like play sports .(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 五、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? ________________ 3. He likes play games after class. _______________ __ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _______________ 5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _____________ 六.改句子 1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答) 2. I have many books. (改为否定句) 3. Gao Shan’s sister likes playing table tennis (改为否定句)